Once a highway, always a highway.
Images
Harvest time comes to Wiltshire.
Late afternoon, seen from Uffcott Down to the northwest.
The excellent disc barrow outside the northwest of the fort.
I wouldn’t want to be the one trying to overrun this place, armed with a flimsy spear.
Other visitors give scale to the immense earthworks on the southern side of the fort.
Western ramparts.
The northeastern corner of the fort.
Barbury Castle as seen from the Ridgeway – clearly seen to be on the promontory of a ridge of hills.
Defences along the southern side of the fort.
The southeastern corner of the ramparts.
Looking west along the northern rampart, towards the Ridgeway.
The low remains of the round barrow on the slope to the northwest of the fort, northeast of the disc barrow.
Detail of the arc of the disc barrow from above, looking northwest.
The fort seen from the byway from Uffcott.
The setting sun looking from the ramparts back along The Ridgeway.
Panorama of the inner rampart looking North East.
Panorama of the fort interior from the western entrance.
Yet rest there, Shelley, on the sill,
For though the winds come frorely
I’m away to the rain-blown hill
And the ghost of Sorley.
From “Sorley’s Weather” by Captain Robert Graves (Fairies and Fusiliers, 1917) which ends with the above. See also Rhiannon’s link of 4 October 2005 – themodernantiquarian.com/site/2617/barbury_castle.html
Detail of interior wall painting.
Barbury reconstruction of Iron Age round house or Wren round house. (Detail of wren carvings on wood beam)
The reconstructed Iron Age round house, burnt down 27th October 2008.
The faint remains of a large bell barrow near the western entrance and a view down to Wroughton Airfield, now a second home to the Science Museum.
The eastern entrance with the beech copse
Panorama of the north-eastern ramparts
Panorama of the southern ramparts
Interior of replica IA roundhouse built July 06.
Interior of IA replica roundhouse built July 06.
Iron Age fields near the approach road.
The eastern ramparts.
Barbury Castle (Hillfort) August 2007
Barbury Castle – August 2007
View East from Barbury Castle to Liddington Castle.
August 2000.
A view of Barbury Castle from the Ridgeway, looking North-East.
Taken May 2000.
Articles
As reported in the local newspaper:
swindonadvertiser.co.uk/news/9248384.Visitor_centre_dream_now_in_motion/
PLANS to help turn a historic monument into a tourist hub are now in motion.
The council aims to auction off the land surrounding the Iron Age fort of Barbury Castle, and use the cash from the sale to build a visitor centre.
The centre would cost around a £250,000 and would offer tourists a proper set of displays and information about the ancient monument ...
(click on link for full article)
Sat 23 July 11.00–16.00
Celebrate HLF project ‘Celts and Romans in North Wiltshire’: tours of Barbury Castle, storytelling, hands-on activities.
Find out about Truckle Hill and the Chiseldon Cauldrons. …
With funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund Wessex Archaeology has been working with community volunteers involved in the excavation of the Truckle Hill Roman Bath-House and the investigation of the Chiseldon Horde of Iron Age Cauldrons to engage more people in the Iron Age and Roman Heritage of North Wiltshire. As the project comes to an end we would like to share everything we’ve learned about this fascinating archaeology with you through a day of family fun.
During the day you can take a tour of Barbury Castle, create Celtic and Roman themed arts and crafts, listen to storytelling, and explore these amazing sites through hands-on activities and displays.
Location: Barbury Castle County Park, Wroughton, Swindon. Barbury Castle Country Park is south-west of Chiseldon. From M4 Junction 15, follow the A346 towards Marlborough until you see signs for ‘Chiseldon’. Then follow the signs for ‘Barbury Castle’.The nearest rail link to Barbury Castle is Swindon.
From Swindon bus # 71 or 73 can be taken to within the vicinity of Barbury Castle. The walk to the park is about one mile and uphill.
Org: Wessex Archaeology
Name: Allison Marcucci
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.wessexarch.co.uk/projects/celts-and-romans-in-north-wiltshire
Planning Solutions Consulting Ltd has been commissioned to carry out a feasibility study for the Barbury Castle Country Park project which includes a cafe and education facility. During the summer of 2010, Swindon Borough Council received planning approval for facilities that include:
* Indoor and outdoor cafe facilities
* A flexible meeting space that can be used both for educational purposes and also as somewhere for clubs and societies to meet
* Bike racks and bike wash facilities
* Horse tethering pens
* Improved toilet and shower facilities
* A viewing platform for all to enjoy the views across Swindon, the Marlborough downs and the wider North Wessex Downs AONB
Note: As an ‘interested local’ I have contacted the company undertaking the consultation to ask that information boards be included detailing the site’s prehistoric status as an Iron Age hillfort; also, because it is now a designated nature reserve, wildlife (butterflies) and flora.
“A guided tour around Barbury Castle and along the Ridgeway to Hackpen Hill White Horse to discover some of the archeology of the Marlborough Downs.”
Meet at Barbury Castle on Saturday, 31 July at 14:00 (walk lasts until approx. 17:00). Up-to-date info from Wiltshire Council on 01249 705504.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/5114602.stm
“Construction work begins on Monday and volunteers are invited to help and also learn about archaeological theory on roundhouse design.
Throughout the building work, which is due to be completed by the end of July, there will be a series of walks and talks for families, schools and colleges to find out more about the project.”
Sometimes Facebook throws up a delight. For a while now I’ve been linked up with a Facebook page called ‘Swindon – Past and Present’. A Swindon archaeologist by the name of Bernard Phillips has been posting some very interesting items about sites of archaeological interest in and around Swindon. Just read this about Barbury Castle:
“South of Wroughton, stands the Boroughs largest and most impressive Iron Age hillfort – Barbury Castle. Like Liddington Castle it was built around 750BC. Its double defensive ditches and ramparts enclose an area 11.5 acres (4.65 hectares). A geophysical survey in 1996 and an earthwork survey in 1998 by the Royal Commission for Historical Monuments recorded forty hut circles and hundreds of pits within it. Chance discoveries include a blacksmiths hoard that comprised knives, sickles, awls, spearheads, an anvil and a chariot fitting, and pits containing pottery and skeletons. The combined evidence points to this hillfort being dominant in the region serving domestic, agricultural, trading, military and religious functions throughout the Iron Age.”
Walking from Uffcott gives a slow and steady approach to Barbury Castle, today’s first objective and the proper start of the walk. A week or so earlier, G/F and I had a wander round Old Oswestry, which frankly blew me away in its scale and ambition. As a result, I’m not expecting quite so much from Barbury, but you should never, ever, underestimate what you might find at a prehistoric site. You’d think I would have learned that by now.
As the rampart looms above me and the climb steepens, it’s already becoming apparent that this is going to be a good ‘un. The first thing properly encountered is a fine disc barrow set below the western entrance to the site, constructed on the slope and facing westwards over the edge of the down. The disc is actually easier to see from the approach than close-up. A smaller round barrow lies to the northeast, closer to the bottom of the hillfort rampart. On another day, in another place, these two would be enough to linger over. Here though, the pull of the earthwork is too much and I make my way up onto the bank.
I make my way clockwise around the outer ditch. Up close, the earthworks really are very impressive indeed, the ditch still deep despite 2,000 years of silting. There are terrific open views from here. Liddington Castle, the next substantial hillfort to the northeast, can be seen on the horizon. Over to the east the views stretch across the Marlborough Downs, while to the south the fort commands views of anyone coming down the Ridgeway. Once inside the splendour of banks and ditches, there is little else to be seen. The real joy of the visit is undoubtedly in the perimeter and the views from it. A week after Old Oswestry, Barbury Castle is certainly holding its own. A gem of a fort, all in all.
Wild, windy weather today, the tail-end of an Atlantic hurricane. I just wanted to be somewhere high and open – so Barbury Castle it was. I’ve been here many times before but today, after an exhilerating walk into the wind along the ramparts, for the first time I headed up along the Ridgeway towards Hackpen Hill. Made it to a large clump of trees before turning back towards Barbury; seeing Barbury from the Ridgeway gave it a whole new perspective. From that view point it is clear that Barbury is a promontary hillfort as it sits on the end of a hill ridge with the land dropping gradually away towards the plain below.
The information board on the Ridgeway side of Barbury tells us that the area is rich in burial mounds, among which an ancient disc barrow is the most important. Dated 1700BC it is thought to be the burial site of an aristocratic woman.
The information board goes on to say that during the laying of a trench by Esso, the skeleton of an elderly woman dated at around 300AD was found deep in the chalk bed. Probably a member of the local Romano British community who farmed the area. (The workers who found the remains originally called them ERIC ‘Early remains in chalk’ but later changed this to Erica).
I visit Barbury Castle whenever the opportunity presents itself; not that easy to get to without a car so I am always on the lookout for local walks/events that take place or start from there.
Apart from being a scheduled ancient monument it is also a designated local nature reserve. A couple of Sundays ago fellow member of the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust gave me a lift up there to participate in a field talk on butterflies. I’ve never attended anything like this before so had some inital reservations – it was however, very enjoyable. I learnt that Barbury is ‘managed’ in order to encourage blue butterflies – the Common Blue and Blue Adonis in particular, although we saw many other varieties.
The views are spectacular, especially on the far side of the ramparts which overlook rolling Wiltshire downland. It is also the starting point for a ten mile walk along the Ridgeway into Avebury. Haven’t yet done it, but soon ...
I visited the site from the lane which runs to the west of the hillfort; near the race track. There was no-one about from this side and I walked up the steep hill trying not to slip on the ice. It was a beautiful winters day – the type of day when the ground ih hard with frost, the grass white but a cloudless, dark blue sky which you could see your breath against – wonderful! I was a bit pushed for time so didn’t get chance to walk right apund the ramparts and settled for a ‘mini walk’ whilst admiring the views, peace and solitude.
Went there today, it’s a shame there’s no roundhouse. The place has some excellent scenery though and is a very easy walk about half mile if that from the car park. The immense size of the ditches made the most impression on me. There’s still an information board there.
The interior of the hill fort is very rough ground with sheep grazing and lots of vegetation, which contrasts with the flat ground seen in the centre of places like uffington castle and segsbury. It does have a country park feel although this was not a bad thing, I saw some people taking pushchairs with babies up there so it’s very accessible. Did not see the disc barrow so might go back for that.
A few sad notes about the roundhouse erected in July 06.... Vandals have pushed out two sections of the painted wattle and daub walls and have pulled out chunks of the thatch.
It would be interesting to know where they got the inspiration/source for the carvings and painting from. Decorated bowls perhaps?
Jim.
So the urge had finally caught up with me! A brief tour of the country had taken in a brief glimpse of Silbury Hill and the shortest stop on record for visit to Avebury. How impressive both these sites are and how full of history the area must be. I felt shame that I did not know much about this area despite my professed interest in Neolithic monuments. I have a copy of TMA at home and I had glanced at the pages concerning this area but had never had the drive to get up and visit it for any sustained amount of time. This was not a good situation and had to come to an end!
Returning home to Yorkshire after my brief UK tour I made plans to return within the next few days. Gourging myself on knowledge from TMA and more helpfully from fieldnotes made by members of this site, I drew up an itinerary and set off to the Marlborough Downs, well, almost…
I had convinced my father to come along, he had a couple of days off work and I was on holiday from mine. We booked a youth hostel in Stow on the Wold, an attractive village in the Cotswolds and not a million miles away from the Rollright Stones. What a good place to start. True they are not part of the Avebury complex but they are well known and they would provide the perfect first stop off point. Upon reaching said monument I was appalled by what I saw…
The stones had been daubed with yellow paint, each and every one, an April fools gag by all accounts. A notice on the board near to the stones said that the cost of removing the paint would run to a minimum of £30,000. Why so high? Well the paint has seriously damaged the lichen growing on the stones. The lichen, which is said to be 800 years old, is one of the oldest recorded colonies in Britain. A £1000 reward has been posted to anyone who has information leading to the capture of the mindless fools who did this and a local coven of white witches have cursed the perpetrators for their actions.
As fortune would have it, the other monuments in the complex had not been touched by the paint smearing vandals. The King stone looked impressive in the afternoon sun but what a shame that it was caged behind iron bars. The stone is said to be that of a king in days gone by, a witch promised him Britain if he could see the nearby town of Long Compton. He couldn’t see it because his line of site was impaired by a nearby hill. The poor guy was turned to stone as his reward and his men became the rollrights. A bit harsh I thought, especially now that this area seems to be a favoured picnic spot amongst young couples. Mind you, who could blame them, the view down from the stone to the valley below is wonderful.
The other part of the complex are the Whispering Knights located in the field opposite from the Kings stone and at the same side of the road but further down from the Rollrights. These poor guys seemed to get ignored by the many tourists who came to look at the circle whilst we were there. I’m not sure that a lot of the people visiting actually knew that they were there quietly nestling at the far end of the field. I can’t quite understand this apathy as it really isn’t a long walk to them.
We arrived in Stow on the Wold only the check in and to go straight back out. I had spotted a couple of alleged monuments on the ‘Cotswolds Tourist Map’ recently purchased from the local information centre. This whole area is deep in old roman territory and there are plenty of links to that era, from villas to the road on which we travelled south the monuments spotted on our map, the Fosse Way.
Our first destination of the ever darkening evening was to see something called the Hangmans stone! Very macabre we anticipated it being a most impressive monument, alas what we got couldn’t have been further from the truth. If the truth is known the monument was so unimpressive I can’t even be sure whether we found it or not. Although I am convinced that we did find two sarsens, of sorts, however these were most certinaly not in their original positions. They had been the victims of field clearance and now made up a wall which penned in a number of growing saplings.
We had a job to find these stones. The map directed us to the village of Northleach, we took the road to Oxpens Farm and it was just after the turn off for there that we parked. Having searched around the area for the Hangmans stone, it was concluded that the only sarsens of note that this could be were they stones making up this wall. I would very much like to be proved wrong some day by antiquarians with much better stone finding abilities than me but for now it appears that these make up Hangmans stone.
Following on from this disappointment we headed towards the next alleged monument, the Hoar Stone. This was situated off the A417 towards Cirencester, taking the turnoff towards Duntisbourne Leer. The ‘stone’ is situated to the left in the middle of a field before the first turnoff to your left once through the village. Of course its not just a stone but a long barrow, and it is noticeable. The capstone is still there along with another dominant stone which now has a tree growing next to it. After the debacle of the Hangmans stone, this was a very pleasing result!!!
We then headed to the village of Bisley, not a million miles away, but, because of the way the roads ran, it may have well been. As the crow flies the distance between the Giants Stone near to Bisley and the Hoar stone was not far at all but the fact that it took 40 minutes to get there testifys to the difficulty of navigating the roads in this part of the world.
The Giants stone is allegedly located on the road out of Bisley towards Battlescombe. This road ends and there the stone should be on the right. It was a case of déjà vu because despite a thorough sweep of the area I could not find it for love nor money. I did find however a number of inquisitive sheep and a road that should have ended but didn’t which added to my confusion. Next time I shall arm myself with an OS map and use the visitors map for reference only.
We returned via the viewpoint at Barrow Wake near Gloucester and bedded down for the night, in, as it customary in youth hostels, a dormitory full of men!!!
I awoke of 5 to the sound of rumbling, I attempted to get back to sleep but could not. What was this noise? Could it be my stomach? No I had eaten before I retired! Could it be an earthquake? Don’t be silly we don’t get earthquakes here, not severe ones anyway! Could it be the guy in the bunk opposite snoring his head off and preventing me from a good nights kip? Of course it was!!!
Actually although I was bitter at the time, the gentleman and his nasal orchestra did me a favour by not allowing me back to sleep. For without this disruption I would not have gotten up, and if I had not have got up, I would not have set off in the early hours to the Uffington White Horse.
The roads were clear and dawn was beginning to break as we left the hostel. We wound our way through the many picture postcard villages of the area and ended up at the White Horse for 7 in the morning. Not another soul was around, it was slighty damp and dreary but this mattered not one jot as the peace was serene. With great forethought we had prepared a flask with the intention of enjoying a cup of tea at the top, there our plan was to drink it and soak up the wonderful views of the valley known as the Manger below.
Legend abounds this area, the favourite of mine being that the horse is actually a representation of the Dragon slain by St. George. The place of said slaying was upon the nearby Dragon Hill. This seemingly unnaturally shaped hill boasts a large chalk patch upon its summit on which nothing will grow. This patch is said to be the place where the Dragons blood fell and hence will remain forever barren.
Further up from the White Horse towards the Ridgeway is Uffington Castle, an iron age hill fort upon which evidence of great wooden structures were found, as well as an iron age coin. People residing in this place chose a good vantage point, it was possible to see for miles even on a damp overcast days such as this.
The next point of call when in this area has to be Waylands Smithy! We joined the Ridgeway having crossed over the castle ramparts and headed west to walk the one and a half miles towards it. The walk dragged a bit. The Ridgeway in this section is not particularly exciting and therefore seems longer than it is. At one point we thought we’d taken a wrong turn and had to ask a jogger for confirmation of where the Smithy was. Sure enough though it was there sitting within a copse in the middle of a field. The Smithy was also looking surprisingly well maintained for its age. I wondered aloud if this was because of its proximity to the White Horse.
Excavations in 1919 revealed the skeletons of 8 adults and 1 child within the two main chambers and further excavations in 1962 revealed 14 more. The place gets its name from the blacksmith who lived there. It was said that if you left your horse tethered along with some coins on the stone overnight, then the horse would be found shod come morning.
Waylands Smithy is of course not really a Smithy but a long barrow and is believed to date from around 3400BCE. From within its chambers we poured another cup of tea and decided upon which spot would be easiest to get to next…
Now Swindon is not the sort of town you would normally associate with the Neolithic, true its proximity to some of the great sites is enviable but Swindon is very much a sprawling ‘new town’. It therefore came as a great surprise to see a stone circle marked on the OS map just south of the place between Coate and Coate Country Park at 183.824.
The circle is very easy to miss for there is nothing on the site to say what it is and the stones are unspectacular at best. We drove straight past and headed towards the huge ringroad at the end of the lane which was of course far too far. On our return we spotted the stones laying in an ark in the farmers field opposite the first barn we came to. Five stones were all that I could see but I dare say it would have been fairly sizeable. From the remaining stones you can indeed get a good idea of its size. A brief glance over towards the farm buildings revealed nothing that could have been the second half of the circle but condsidering the building work going on in that area this was not suprising.
Time was now stretching on and we decided to try and get a bite to eat. Our next destination was to be the hill fort at Barbury Castle, an area which is now a country park. Upon arriving our delight was assured by the presence of a café which sold full English breakfasts. We were not the only people there, the area seemed to be popular with dog walkers and families.
The area has been settled for many years probably due to its dominant position overlooked everything it surveys. Bronze age disc barrows have been discovered at the site as well as later Iron age burials. Legend has it also that the site was the scene of a great battle between the Saxons and the celts in around 550CE. A battle, which, may have gone a long way to the establishment of the kingdom of Wessex.
From the castle we set off towards Winterbourne Bassett where we had heard there was a stone circle. Again using the fieldnotes taken from this site (very helpful thank you) we found the place without any difficulty. Marking the site is an outlying stone at the junction of the road, opposite, over a style in the field the two nearest stones of the circle can be seen. Upon further inspection I found four more. Although the site has probably suffered damage in years past I was able to gain a sense of how it could have looked. There are three outlying stones which form a triangle around the four inner stones. The four inner stones are positioned in such a way that it would be feasible to assume that at some point there would have been a fifth which would have made up the circle.
Afterward we decided to head toward the white horse figure carved onto the nearby hackpen hill which overlooks this area. As we drove toward it at OS ref 118.757 in the field to our left we saw what appeared to be a standing stone. There was no reference to it anywhere so far as I could see, but it was there, approximately 50 yards from the road. I have posted it on this site to see what everyone else thinks. The horse in the background certinaly gave it a good backdrop although that is anything but Neolithic.
One place that had intrigued me since reading about it in the TMA was that of Marlborough Mount, alleged to be a close relative of Silbury Hill yet laying neglected in the grounds of a private school. The mound from which the town takes its name is indeed seemingly forgotten about by the locals. There is no plaque, the mound is overgrown and untidy and on top is a horrendous construction which I believe is a water tank.
The setting however within Marlborough college promises much. Although you wouldn’t expect to walk into a school to see such a monument as soon as you do it becomes apparent that this is no ordinary school. It is the sort of school with rebellious rich kids sporting foppish hairstyles, blazers, oversize suits and shirt tails hanging out over their trousers. The sort of school which best resembles the typical English sterotype of the way all schools in this country are no matter how untrue.
The grounds are lovingly and painstakingly manicured, but the mound that was there before the school was even thought of, has been left to overgrow and the vast majority of the pupils there probably have no idea of its potential importance.
From the mount after wandering through the lovely town of Marlborough we headed towards the Devils Den, a dolmen of which I am convinced only part of remains. The rest of the structure seems to be lying in clearance at the edge of the field.
We parked upon the verge of the road next to the farm and walked the alleged one and a half miles towards the monument, our guidance on distance being taken from a very weathered signpost at the entrance of the track leading to the site.
Just beyond a quaint looking barn in a field beyond and to the left lies the dolmen. It looks impressive just as structures like these should look. Seeing the rest of the stones laying along the side of the field however make you despair. That they must have been once something to do with this monument seems obvious. I wonder how much grander it would have appeared with them in situ.
But the day was now beginning to become long. There are lots of things to see in this area and in the limited time that we had, we sure were packing them in. Soon it would be time to bed down in the sweet B & B we had booked in the tiny hamlet of Winterbourne Abbas.
Tomorrow would be just as full a day but first we had more pressing things to do like visit Avebury, the legendary Silbury Hill and a former timber temple on a place called Overton Hill, the Sanctuary.
The sanctuary was just that, in days gone by, a huge timber structure, the postholes of which have now been filled with horrendous concrete blocks. The Sanctuary looks down upon the valley below and must have played a significant part in the pre-history of this area. Of course it would have been more Sanctuary like had the A4 not been directly next to it and the lorries did not thunder past at such breakneck speeds.
Next door to the circle are the Seorfon Barrows immediately noticeable if approaching from Marlborough. The burial mounds sit proud upon the brow of the hill and appear to form the arched back of some long forgotten serpent. I counted four on the other side of the road from the Sanctuary and a much more overgrown one on the path leading down the Sanctuary side.
Now for the main event, my father despite cycling around the area in his youth had never visited the place. He had heard about it of course but without ever really seeing Avebury I can imagine that it is difficult to understand just how impressive this site is. As soon as you enter and see the town, whether it be along the Avenue of Stones or any other way, the sight is breathtaking and awe-inspiring.
We chose to park in the NT car park and set off not towards the town, but towards Silbury Hill. There is a path that leads there from opposite the entrance to the car park. The path runs along the lovely River Kennett and the hill is only a short hike really. The river can be crossed at a sweet little bridge and the path turns and heads towards West Kennett and the Silbury Hill car park. Access to the hill is now forbidden in order to help preserve the monument. Truly this is an amazing structure and along with the Avebury stones has to go down as one of the wonders of England.
Back over the bridge the path leads up toward Waden Hill, Silburys more natural neighbour. At the time we clambered up the hill was lush with green and the flowers of Spring. Given the lovely blue sky nothing could have been more perfect at that moment. The view of Silbury in the background was exquisite and once on top the view of the surrounding area, divine.
We headed down from the hill into the Avenue of Stones and walked through until we came to the edge of the village. We entered and walked along the path at the top of the earthwork on the rim of the village, breathtaking. Some of the stones are now fenced off in order to protect them but the majority you can reach out and touch. The village itself is delightful some nice and interesting books and spiritual bits and pieces can be found in the local shops.
From the village our last stop of the day was to be West Kennett long barrow. We hopped in the car and drove the short distance there (our legs now far too tired to carry us far) and parked in the layby at the side of the road. As the time was now dusk, the only people we saw were walking back from the barrow. Once there we had the place to ourselves. The chambers are impressive, as is the façade and the barrow itself is lovingly maintained, the view from the top was wonderful too. During excavation of the barrow in 1956, the remains of 46 people were found within its chambers.
Having finished for the day we headed back to Marlborough and dined in the Bear pub apparently renowned for its fish and chips. We enjoyed them and a starter of leek soup before we were joined by the local town crier on an ale tasting mission. By all accounts as part of his responsibilities he has to taste the ale and issue a certificate accordingly. We wondered at the time if after he’d done he’d go to the local kebab house and sample one of those too.
The siting for our stay that evening could not have been better. Winterbourne Abbas allowed us to investigate the areas of interest around the Vale of Pewsey of which there were many.
Having polished off a lovely organic full English breakfast in the morning we headed to our first point of call which was Pewsey Church. We had heard that sarsen stones made up the base of the church at certain points and we were eager to take a look.
Sure enough as you walked up to the entrance of the church and went along the right hand wall there they were. Three stones making up keystones to the base of the church. As the church was on a hill I wondered aloud whether, if there ever was a stone circle in Pewsey, then this may have been the location. Local legend has it that one was destroyed so its not an unfeasible thought I daresay.
Further into the village beyond the co-op car park and nestling next to the bridge crossing the stream stand what could possibly be the remains of the monument. They form a border with the path at this point and to my mind must have been placed there by town planners. Clearance stones probably connected with these possibly with the stones at Pewsey church nestled unloved in the background. The stones themselves were nestled at the foot of the hill upon which the church now stands. Maybe this was the location of an original circle and the keystones were moved up to the church who knows!!
Heading out of the village we set off for a place known as Swanborough Tump. A great battle was fought here in the year 871 and people with the name Swanborough can link there ancestary back to this. I wasn’t expecting to be able to see much. The fieldnotes had warned me of this but what I could see opposite was the brows of two conical imposing hills, Picked Hill and Woodborough hill. Picked Hill particularly was imposing its conical shape reminded me of Silbury and Marlborough Mount. Its neighbour Woodborough too had the same shape. I again wondered whether all these hills could have one point been linked.
Heading past the tump we decended upon the village of Woodborough. Here a holed stone lays at the side of the road with a plaque in front dedicating it to the memory of people who fought for peace and freedom in the fifty years since the end of world war 2. The map reference for the stone is 108.568.
History abounds this place and from Woodborough we headed to a place which this time was actually marked on the Ordance Survey. A place known as the hanging stone. We actually took a wrong turn and ended up at the nearby Hursts Farm. There we encountered the farmers wife and her children with their quad bikes. We asked for directions and although the farmers wife didn’t know anything about the stone the kids certinaly did. They directed us to it and also told us a legend about how years ago a sheep thief got his cape stuck on the stone when trying to escape the clutches of an angry farmer. It got stuck so fast that the cape actually strangled the thief to death hence the name hanging stone
The stone was approximately a half mile down the track heading straight on past the barn. To the right a number of sarsens the victims of field clearance and at one point probably part of this monument nestled forgotten in a copse. Further up the Hanging stone protruded through the ploughed field. We headed on up thankful that the weather had dried out the land otherwise we would have gotten very muddy.
Returning to the car from the stone we headed to our next Christianised site, that of St. Marys Church, Alton Priors. It is confusing because there are too churches and one is signposted from the road ‘St. Marys Saxon Church’ go there if you like but this is not the one of Neolithic interest.
A further bonus other than the church and the pleasant setting about Alton Priors is the sarsen stone sitting directly in the middle of the village. We discovered from an elderly local that the stone had been originally placed in a nearby field and removed unfortunately he did not remember in which field it was discovered. Upon the stone is a carving of the horse which stands proud on the hill overlooking the village. The horse was carved by an American expert in crop circles who comes to the village every year to discuss the crop circle frenzy around these parts. The centre of his organisation actually meet in a pub nearby called the Barge Inn alas we didn’t have time to go in.
Down from the sarsen is the church, situated in a lovely field absolutely choca-block full of barrows. The church grounds are fenced off from the field and you need to clamber over a style to get into them. It’s a pretty church of that there is no doubt, in the grounds there is a lovely Yew tree which, it is claimed, is 1700 years old.
Inside the church, which is no longer in constant use, the first trap door in the floor can be seen. Lifting it up reveals the sarsen itself. Whoever laid this floor had good foresight in thinking that people may come here just to see that. There is another trapdoor nearer the front of the church but it cannot be lifted up as there is a makeshift step which has been built over it.
Next step was another highlight of the trip. Again having read about the place in TMA I was intrigued and wanted to go. The location? Hatfield Barrow near the village of Marden. A structure not unlike Silbury in its day and scandalously destroyed. Whats worse, the remains of said barrow where bulldozed to one side by the farmer in later years.
I expected to have trouble finding it as all the sources said that there was nothing left to see. However we did have an approximate location on a makeshift map and when we arrived at the point on the map, directly opposite in a field was an information plaque. The plaque told the unhappy tale of this once great monument and we had found it much easier than expected.
There were mounds and ridges to be seen alright but I found it difficult to determine the exact location of the barrow especially following the bulldozing. But, at least I had been, in the flat landscape it would have stood out like a beacon. I can well imagine this too being part of the great Avebury complex.
We set off back up the road towards Knap Hill and prepared ourselves for a bit of walking. The weather was pleasant and in this particular area there were many hills of importance that we needed to climb. Knap Hill was the closest so we parked the car at the foot of the hill and clambered up. At the top of all the hills in this area are earthworks we clambered past the ditches and headed for the top from which we had the most tremendous of views. Golden Ball Hill, Adams Grave, Picked Hill and I should think at one point we would have been able to see Hatfield Barrow.
Along from the summit we headed for Golden Ball Hill. Slightly higher this is special because evidence of really ancient civilisations have been found here in the form of flint floors. Nothing much remains of the excavations now and it was quite impossible to guess where the excavations where other than assume the various indentions in the ground where them. I’d have liked there to have been a plaque or information board on some sort. If this place is indeed where the first settlers came to then I’d consider that a more than important piece of history.
From the top the views where again magnificent although, perhaps on account of the odd bush and tree the wind was not as severe as when on Knap Hill. From the summit both Knap and Adams Grave from the angle looking like a humped back bridge.
Wandering down the side of Golden Ball Hill earthworks dominate there are lots of them. The early settlers perhaps choosing here because of the view and the fact that it was actually quite sheltered from the wind.
We headed onto Adams Grave, the site of the huge barrow which was discovered on top. Again the walk was relatively easy and the earthworks are substantial, this whole area must have been a place of major importance. At the summit of the barrow again the view was breathtaking. We rested for some time at the top, not through tiredness but through awe. We really were looking through the eyes of the ancients for they had been here and all around this place.
It was with a heavy heart that we descended Adams Grave, hopping into the car with the intention of finding somewhere to stop for a cuppa. Our plan was to find a stream fill our kettle with water and boil it using the primus stove we had brought for such an occasion.
The only stream that we could think of was that near to Silbury and that wasn’t a stream at all but a river. We made the decision to head back but on the way noticed an extreme amount of sarsen stones in a field near the village of Lockeridge. This came as a surprise I had not counted on seeing something like this, I wondered what monument this could be.
A plaque at the entrance to the sarsen field revealed that the area was under the protection of the national trust and that the sarsens were the remnants of sandstone deposits formed on the chalk over 30 million years ago. This is the same sort of sarsen that had been used for building material for the past 5000 years. I wondered whether any of the many sarsens around the area could have been taken from this place. It clearly was an important area and in very good proximity to Avebury itself.
We drove on and came to rest in the NT car park in Avebury, water was collected from the river and we drove to Longstone Cove where the plan was to boil it and make tea.
Whilst we sipped I read that Longstone Cove used to be made up of three giant stones not just the two that are now present. The other being used for building material by a Victorian vandal. The two remaining ones don’t look that big even from the path but once you approach they are tremendous.
Down the way from the stones is Beckhampton barrow. It seems that now it is much easier to get to than a few years ago. The footpath runs along the side of the farm and there is a gap in the fence to the field on the left which you can wander through. The barrow can be clearly seen in the distance dominating the field with its thick copse of trees growing on top. There is a path that leads alongside so we took it but left it later on to get a better look.
It was difficult to tell where the entrance had been but I later read that it had been destroyed some time before. The whole shape remains though, there are many barrows which don’t look like anything but this still does.
Our final destination before heading for the next hostel such outside of Wantage was another long barrow, this time at East Kennett. We headed for the village and parked outside the church. There is a footpath which runs through the farm but which does not officially run past the barrow. We cut through the farm and took a left turn following the tracker trail up towards the barrow. Sitting imposingly on the hilltop. From the barrow we could see all around Silbury and its neighbour at West Kennett. I was disappointed that there were not even any fallen sarsens that I could see which may have made up a façade of some description.
I was content though, the barrow was an impressive one. Huge but overgrown, full of history and possibilities. I’d packed a lot into this tour from Marlborough to Marden we had walked in the footsteps of the ancients.
Bless. My boyfriend chose this spot off the OS map himself as somewhere to take me.
Although you seem to travel for miles down a dead-end road to get to it it’s not exactly one of those isolated sites – in fact it’s part of a country park so it’s got quite a big car park, but you can get away from other visitors nonetheless, and it was really peaceful. It’s so easy to get to and would be ideal for anyone with mobility problems / prams etc – you can drive up onto the ridge (the edge of the Marlborough downs), park your car, and walk along the level Ridgeway to the hillfort.
Barbury Castle is surrounded by two impressive banks and ditches (more in some places) and has 360 degree views. The castle’s iron age, but there are bronze age bowl barrows and even a disc barrow nearby, which maybe I’ll get back to some time. The site is on chalk grassland so there are lots of chalk loving plants and the butterflies they’re associated with. Sarsens were used around the two entrances, and you can see some of them poking through the soil.
A farm near the carpark has a little outdoor cafe selling food and drinks which I was very grateful for at the time – all this is the opposite end of the ridge to the hillfort and it’s fine, don’t be put off by thinking the place has been ‘countryparkified’.
Details of site on Pastscape
An Iron Age “developed” multivallate hillfort with substantial earthwork remains. The hillfort measures 400m wide east to west by 290m wide north to south. It is one of a number of hillforts located on or close to the line of the Iron Age and later Ridgeway (see NMR LINEAR60). The hillfort is located at the western end of the ridge of Barbury Hill at a height of 265m. The hillfort comprises two concentric rings of banks and ditches enclosing an oval area of circa 4.5ha and has entrances, which both measure circa 10m wide, at the eastern and western ends aligned with the ridge. A track, possibly an offshoot of the Ridgeway, extends between the entrances and was adopted as the parish boundary between Wroughton and Ogbourne St Andrew. The eastern entrance is defended by a right angled outwork which comprised a ditch and bank that extends out from the main hillfort and which may be the remains of an earlier Bronze Age enclosure as the hillfort banks appear to overlay it. The northern part of the outwork has become in-filled due to 20th century cultivation. Excavations have uncovered Iron Age rubbish pits. Iron Age /Roman, Anglo-Saxon finds have made and Anglo-Saxon inhumations have been found. The hillfort was used for defence / training by the United States Army during the Second World War and they caused significant damage to the western entrance when they widened it. The interior of the hillfort also suffered damage from bombing and the construction of slit trenches (see NMR SU 17 NW 152 and NMR SU 17 NW 153, respectively). Immediately northwest of the hillfort lies a flat topped Bronze Age bowl barrow (see NMR SU 17 NW 154) and just to the west is a Bronze Age disc barrow (see NMR SU 17 NW 7). A post medieval dewpond has been constructed on the south-e
Yesterday I discovered the sarsen stone memorial to Richard Jefferies and Alfred Williams. In a field on the left as you go uphill towards Barbury Castle – just as you reach a sign saying Barbury 100yds ahead.
A lovely pitted four-sided sarsen which stands approximately three metres above the ground (though probably much larger). There are plaques attached to two sides of the stone:
Richard Jefferies
1848-1887
“It is eternity now.
I am in the midst of it, it is about me in the sunshine.”
Alfred Williams
1877-1930
“Still to find and still to follow
Joy in every hill and hollow
Company in Solitude”
I do think the reuse of sites is interesting. Iron Age people built the huge fort up here for defence, and in World War 2 the US Air Force appropriated the site for their anti-aircraft guns – so, it was still being used for defence millennia later.
Just so as you know if you visit – these were apparently where the hollows are around the edge of the fort interior. Possibly more interesting (but invisible) would be the traces of 40 hut circles found using geophysics inside the castle in 1996.
(WANHM excavation notes, vol93)
With such good views of the surrounding flat farmland – what a surprise – crop circles have frequently ‘appeared’ around Barbury Castle, and there was one visible when we visited. Definitely aliens if you ask me.
The WW1 poet Charles Hamilton Sorley (only 20 when he died) wrote this poem about Barbury Castle.
Sites within 20km of Barbury Castle
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Hackpen Hill (Wiltshire)
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Whitefield Farm
description 1 -
Ogbourne Maizey Down Barrows
photo 1 description 1 -
Fiddlers Hill
photo 1 description 1 -
Rough Hill Row
description 1 -
Rough Hill Barrows
description 1 -
Temple Bottom
photo 1 description 3 -
Berwick Bassett Down
photo 3 description 1 -
Old Chapel
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Fyfield Down settlement
photo 4 -
Manton Down
photo 10 forum 2 description 6 -
Long Tom (Fyfield)
photo 6 forum 1 description 4 link 1 -
Monkton Down
photo 10 description 3 -
Bincknoll Castle
photo 11 description 2 -
Devil’s Footprint
description 1 -
Burderop Wood Stone Circle
description 1 -
Ogbourne St Andrew Barrow
photo 15 forum 1 description 8 -
Ogbourne St Andrew Church
photo 6 description 3 -
Fyfield Down
photo 17 description 4 link 1 -
Fyfield 1 and 2 barrows
photo 2 description 1 -
Winterbourne Bassett
photo 34 forum 5 description 14 link 1 -
Monster Stone
photo 6 description 1 -
Winterbourne Monkton oval mound
description 1 -
Overton Down
photo 18 description 2 -
The Mother’s Jam
photo 15 forum 1 description 7 -
Experimental Earthwork
photo 6 description 2 link 2 -
Penning
photo 12 forum 2 description 2 -
Broome Long Stone
description 1 -
Broome Temple
description 2 -
Coate Mound
description 2 -
Devil’s Den
photo 97 forum 4 description 27 link 2 -
Pickledean Stone Circle
photo 10 description 2 -
Liddington Castle
photo 30 description 4 link 4 -
The Shelving Stones
description 1 -
Marlborough Common Golf Course Barrows
description 3 -
Avebury Down
photo 26 description 1 -
Winterbourne Monkton (Churchyard)
photo 3 description 3 link 2 -
Coate Stone Circle
photo 13 forum 7 description 19 link 1 -
Barton Copse Barrows
description 1 -
Millbarrow
photo 1 description 1 -
Down Barn standing stones
photo 4 description 1 -
Clatford Barrows
description 1 -
Manton Round Barrow
photo 6 description 6 -
Shipley Bottom
photo 3 description 1 -
Broad Stones (Clatford)
forum 1 description 2 -
Rushy Platt Bowl Barrow
photo 2 description 1 link 1 -
Piggle Dene
photo 18 description 2 -
The Cove
photo 58 forum 1 description 5 link 2 -
Avebury
photo 389 forum 222 description 90 link 14 -
Liddington Warren Farm
photo 13 forum 1 description 3 -
Falkners Circle Long Barrow
description 1 -
Windmill Hill
photo 80 forum 4 description 15 link 3 -
Falkners Circle mounds and barrows
photo 1 description 2 -
Falkner’s Circle
photo 26 forum 2 description 13 link 2 -
Avenue stone with axe grinding marks
photo 11 description 2 -
Marlborough Mound
photo 15 forum 7 description 11 link 2 -
West Kennett Avenue
photo 132 forum 5 description 13 link 3 -
West Kennet Avenue Settlement Site
photo 25 description 4 -
West Kennet Hollow Way
description 1 -
Warren Farm
photo 1 description 1 -
Waden Hill
photo 5 forum 1 description 2 -
Horslip
photo 3 forum 1 description 3 -
Granham Hill
description 2 -
White Barrow (Lockeridge)
description 1 -
Overton Hill
photo 106 forum 3 description 6 link 1 -
Lockeridge Dene
photo 20 description 5 -
The Sanctuary
photo 59 forum 2 description 16 link 5 -
Silbaby
photo 18 forum 17 description 7 link 1 -
Aldbourne (west of Giant’s Grave)
photo 7 description 1 -
West Kennett Palisaded Enclosures
photo 2 description 2 link 1 -
Beckhampton Avenue
photo 9 forum 4 description 3 link 1 -
Beckhampton Road Enclosures
description 2 -
Silbury Hill
photo 166 forum 180 description 46 link 16 -
Sugar Hill
photo 9 description 1 -
The Longstone Cove
photo 63 forum 2 description 13 link 2 -
South Street
photo 6 description 4 link 1 -
Wagon and Horses Barrow Cemetery
description 1 -
The Giant’s Grave (Aldbourne)
photo 20 description 1 -
Aldbourne 7
photo 3 description 1 -
Long Stones
photo 10 forum 1 description 6 -
Forest Hill Farm
photo 3 description 2 -
Little London Barrow
description 1 -
Aldbourne 'Cup Barrow'
photo 1 description 1 -
Little London Pair
photo 4 description 4 -
Penning Barn
photo 1 description 2 -
Swallowhead Springs
photo 34 forum 5 description 9 link 2 -
West Kennett
photo 180 forum 14 description 36 link 9 -
Yatesbury Village Barrow
description 1 -
Aldbourne Four Barrows
photo 11 forum 1 description 5 link 2 -
East Kennett
photo 56 forum 5 description 8 link 1 -
Yatesbury Field Barrow
description 1 -
Yatesbury Field Cursus
description 1 -
Noland’s Farm Barrow
description 1 -
Beckhampton Penning Enclosure
description 1 -
Harepit Way
description 1 -
Beckhampton Plantation Stone Circle
photo 1 description 2 -
Harestone Down Stone Circle
photo 21 forum 2 description 4 -
Knoll Down Barrows
photo 1 description 1 -
Old Bath Road Barrow
photo 9 description 2 -
Fox Covert Barrow Group
photo 2 description 2 -
Barrow Copse
photo 25 description 4 link 1 -
Beckhampton Penning Barrow Cemetery
description 1 -
Harestone Down barrow
photo 5 -
Little Avebury
photo 18 description 2 -
West Down Gallops Barrows
photo 6 description 2 -
The Aldbourne Way
description 1 -
West Down Roman Road Barrows
photo 7 description 2 -
West Down Long Barrow
description 1 -
Aldbourne Blowing Stone
photo 3 description 2 link 1 -
Cherhill 4
photo 6 -
Savernake Temple
description 1 -
Knoll Down Earthwork
photo 1 description 1 -
North Down
photo 31 description 7 link 1 -
Savernake
photo 8 description 3 -
Allington Down
photo 12 description 3 -
Cherhill Down and Oldbury
photo 52 forum 4 description 13 link 3 -
Draycott Hill
photo 25 description 2 link 1 -
Golden Ball Hill
photo 10 description 3 -
Oldbury Long Barrow
photo 3 description 2 -
Huish Hill
photo 8 description 1 -
Mount Wood
photo 6 description 4 -
Martinsell
photo 15 description 7 -
Savernake Lodge
photo 5 description 1 -
Calne Without
photo 7 description 1 -
Knap Cottage Stone
photo 2 description 1 -
Cherhill cross dyke
photo 4 -
Horton Down
photo 1 description 1 -
Ringsbury
photo 6 description 5 -
Tan Hill (east)
photo 10 -
Knap Hill
photo 33 forum 1 description 13 link 1 -
Knap Hill and Walker’s Hill
photo 4 description 4 -
White Horse Barrow
photo 9 description 2 -
Giant’s Grave (Martinsell)
photo 16 forum 1 description 3 -
Cherhill Hill (West)
photo 10 description 1 -
Three Barrows
photo 8 description 3 -
Knap Hill Pass
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Ashbury Earthwork
description 1 -
Mud Lane Barrow
description 1 -
Easton Down
photo 22 description 1 -
Adam’s Grave
photo 51 description 18 -
Tan Hill (west)
photo 15 description 3 -
Alfred’s Castle
photo 9 description 5 link 1 -
Adam’s Grave Fallen Stone
photo 3 description 2 -
Ballards Copse Long Barrow
photo 3 description 1 -
Tan Hill
photo 6 forum 2 description 5 link 1 -
Rybury
photo 32 description 2 link 1 -
Square Copse Barrows
description 1 -
Baltic Farm
photo 2 description 2 -
Roughridge Hill
photo 4 description 3 link 1 -
Kitchen Barrow
photo 8 description 3 -
Stanton Fitzwarren
photo 1 forum 1 description 1 link 2 -
Ashbury
photo 1 description 2 link 1 -
Fognam Clump Barrow
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Fognam Clump Barrow
description 1 -
Ashdown Park Sarsens
photo 9 description 4 -
Brade Wyll
photo 2 description 1 -
Alton Priors
photo 12 forum 2 description 7 link 1 -
Easton Hill
photo 1 -
Castle Hill (Broad Blunsdon)
photo 6 description 4 -
Morgan’s Hill (eastern group)
photo 10 description 1 -
Membury Camp
photo 27 description 3 link 2 -
Ridgeway (Southernmost Remains)
photo 8 forum 1 description 1 -
Shepherds Shore Long Barrow
description 1 -
Morgan’s Hill
photo 25 description 3 -
Snivelling Corner
photo 2 description 2 -
Tower Hill
description 1 -
Picked Hill
photo 8 description 5 -
Wayland’s Smithy
photo 138 forum 16 description 49 link 15 -
Swanborough Tump
photo 3 forum 1 description 6 -
Pewsey Church
photo 7 description 1 -
Adstone
description 1 -
Pewsey
photo 6 description 3 -
Chisbury
photo 7 description 3 -
Coin Barrow
description 1 -
The Hanging Stone
photo 3 description 3 -
Woodborough Holed Stone
photo 3 description 3 -
Hardwell Camp
photo 21 description 2 link 1 -
Roundway Hill
photo 9 description 1 -
Idlebush Barrow
photo 2 description 4 -
King’s Play Hill
photo 20 description 3 -
Hangman’s Stone
photo 1 description 4 -
Crofton
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Highworth Circles
description 1 -
Uffington Castle
photo 48 description 11 link 4 -
Uffington Castle Long Mound
photo 1 description 4 -
Easton Clump
photo 2 description 1 -
Uffington Castle Round Barrow
photo 4 description 4 -
Uffington White Horse
photo 91 forum 29 description 41 link 12 -
Dragon Hill
photo 29 description 12 link 1 -
Laggus Farm Mound
description 1 -
Giant’s Grave (Milton Hill)
photo 15 description 3 -
Lambourn Long Barrow
photo 11 description 11 link 1 -
Lambourn Sevenbarrows
photo 36 forum 1 description 10 link 2 -
Sparsholt Down
description 1 -
Oliver’s Castle
photo 30 description 14 link 1 -
Roundway Hill Covert
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Marden Henge (and Hatfield Barrow)
photo 7 forum 3 description 24 link 3 -
Rams Hill
photo 6 forum 1 description 5 -
Bowood
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Hoare Stone
description 1 -
Bowood Park Mound
description 1 -
Mother Anthony’s Well
photo 4 forum 1 description 1 link 3 -
Godsbury
photo 3 description 2 -
Down Farm Group
photo 2 description 3