Chance

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A Neolithic long barrow, Avebury 47, on the southern slope of Windmill Hill. It was excavated in 1959 when Neolithic and Beaker pottery, antler, bone and flint artefacts and sarsen rubbers were found. Antler samples were radiocarbon dated to 3240 +/- 150 bc. The mound survives as an earthwork circa 58 metres long and up to 34 metres wide, with the side ditches visible as cropmarks. To the north of the long barrow, a poorly defined cropmark of an elongated mound, suggestive of a long barrow, has been recorded, but must be treated with caution due to the poor quality of the cropmark.

(SU 08607052) Long Barrow (NR) (Site of) (1)
Avebury 47, a long barrow (2) (see plan) orientated SE/NW, heavily damaged, with the side-ditches slightly splayed at the NW. Excavated by Ashbee and Smith (3) in 1959. Large quantities of antler, bone, flint artifacts, sarsen rubbers, pottery and pieces of imported rock were recovered from six sections dug across the barrow’s wide shallow ditches. Beaker and other late Neolithic sherds came from the upper silt level of the ditches. Antler samples (4) gave a radiocarbon dating of 3240 +/-150 bc. Crawford’s air photograph (5) suggests another long barrow a few yards away (2), visible as an ovoid shaped cropmark (6) orientated NW/SE. (2-6)
SU 08607049. A mutilated mound, 58.0m long, up to 34.0m wide and 0.6m high, almost certainly the remains of the excavated long barrow. It is orientated NW/SE and lies on a southerly hillslope; there are no traces of the side ditches.
Surveyed at 1:2500. There are no surface indications of a second long barrow (2).
Neither barrow is visible on OS AP 73/071 203. (7)
The final excavation report was published in 1979 (8). The barrow is situated on the southern slope of Windmill Hill c.750m south of the Neolithic enclosure (SU 07 SE 22). An irregular line of intersecting pits were found between the southern ditch and the mound remnant. Blocks of chalk and small chalk rubble appear to have been used in mound construction. The only human bone found was a single femur head in the plough soil over one of the ditches. Finds from the ditches included sherds of Peterborough wares and Beakers, plus flint implements and knapping debris, the pottery occurring in secondary contexts. Earlier Neolithic sherds occurred in plough soil. Roman and medieval potsherds were also found. (8)
Additional references. (9-11)
Neither Goddard nor Smith appear to mention anything resembling a second long barrow (although neither described Avebury 47 as a long barrow), and Grinsell offers no supporting evidence for the statement that a second barrow existed. (12-13)
The side ditches of the long barrow, Avebury 47, were visible as cropmarks (14-15). To the north of the long barrow is a poorly defined cropmark indicative of a mound. This is in the same postion as the mark in the Crawford photograph (5a). However, the quality of the cropmarks is such that the interpretation as a long barrow is difficult to confirm.

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1925
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Grinsell, LV. Archaeological Gazetteer Page(s)138
( 3) Antiquity Publications Limited Antiquity Ashbee, P and I Smith. 34, 1960 Page(s)297-9
( 4) Antiquity Publications Limited Antiquity Ashbee, P and I Smith. 40, 1966 Page(s)299
( 5a) Oblique aerial photograph reference number NMR SU 0870/1/6511 18-JUN-1934
( 5) Annotated Record Map Rec 6” (O G S Crawford 14.12.21)
( 6) Annotated Record Map Rec 6” (B A Colmer 21.1.53)
( 7) Field Investigators Comments F1 MJF 10-OCT-73
( 8) Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society Ashbee, P, IF Smith, JG Evans 45, 1979 Page(s)207-227
( 9) by Paul Ashbee 1970 The earthen long barrow in Britain : an introduction to the study of the funerary practice and culture of the Neolithic people of the third millennium Page(s)42-3
(10) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine Barker, CT 79, 1985 Page(s)22
(11) Ian Kinnes 1992 Non-megalithic long barrows and allied structures in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers no.52 Page(s)32
(12) by the Rev A C Smith 1884 Guide to the British and Roman antiquities of the north Wiltshire downs in a hundred square miles round Abury; being a key to the large map of the above
(13) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine Goddard, EH. A List of Prehistoric, Roman and Pagan Saxon Antiquities in the County of Wiltshire.. 38, 1913-14 Page(s)180
(14) Vertical aerial photograph reference number WCC 3981 042-043 02-AUG-1981
(15) Vertical aerial photograph reference number CUCAP (RC8-DE 78) 05-SEP-1979

Details of site on Pastscape

Broadbury Banks is thought to be an Iron Age enclosure or hillfort which was never completed, or was slighted. An alternative explanation is that it is a fortuitous arrangement of Medieval or Post Medieval hollow ways and quarries leading up the scarp edge. The earthworks are situated on a north facing slope on Wilsford Hill, overlooking the Vale of Pewsey. Where best preserved on the west side, it comprises an inner bank, 8m wide, up to 1.2m high, with an external ditch which is 4m wide and up to 0.4m deep which has an outer bank, 4m wide, and 5m high. The ditch and outer bank are fragmentary. The north and east sides are defined by a simple scarp, increasing in height from 2.0m to a maximum 5.0m at the NE corner. Colt-Hoare investigated the site, published in 1812, but found no evidence of occupation. There is an old chalk quarry at the northern end of the enclosure. If this was once an enclosure then there are no traces on the ground or aerial photographs of a south side, and no entrance gaps are visible in the existing earthworks. The interior has been in arable cultivation, and has been photographed from the air at relatively regular intervals since the 1940s but no interior features have been recorded as cropmarks on aerial photographs so far. Two dark marks in the centre of the enclosure, recorded on 1945 aerial photographs, may be relatively modern and do not seem to represent archaeological remains.

SU 09285556 Broadbury Banks (NAT) Camp (NR). (1)
Broadbury Banks; unfinished or mutilated Iron Age fort of 12 1/2 acres, situated on the slope of the escarpment overlooking the valley. Hoare dug in it, but found no signs of occupation. (2-5)
‘Broadbury Banks’ (name not verified locally), the remains of a probable Iron Age defended enclosue possibly never completed situated upon the northern end of Wilsford Hill at 182m OD. The work measures internally 250.0m N-S by an average 200.0m transversely. Where best preserved on the west side, it comprises an inter bank, 8.0m wide, up to 1.2m high on the interior, dropping 3.0 to 3.5m to a ditch, 4.0m wide and up to 0.4m deep with an outer bank, 4.0m wide, 0.5m high externally. The ditch and outer bank are fragmentary. On the N. and E, the work is reduced to a simple scarp, increasing in height from 2.0m to a maximum 5.0m at the NE corner. There are no traces on ground or APs (5) of a south side to the enclosure, and no entrance gaps in the existing work. The interior is arable under wheat when visited, and the greater part of the surviving perimeter bank is covered by trees and scrub. Published 1:2500 AM survey revised. (6)
The earthworks described above are recorded on aerial photographs. There is an old chalk quarry at the northern end. There is no evidence on aerial photographs that there was a south side, if this was once an enclosure. The “interior” has been in arable cultivation, and has been photographed from the air at relatively regular intervals since the 1940s but no features have been recorded as cropmarks on aerial photographs so far. Two dark marks in the centre of the enclosure, recorded on 1945 aerial photographs, may be relatively modern and do not seem to represent archaeological remains. (5,7)
Field reconnaissance during the Salisbury Plain Training Area survey suggested that Broadbury Banks is not an unfinished hillfort but a fortuitous arrangement of Medieval or Post Medieval hollow ways leading up the escarpment. (8)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) Externally held archive reference Arch of Wessex 1958 174 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) Externally held archive reference VCH Wilts 1 pt 1 1957 270 (L V Grinsell)
( 4) Externally held archive reference Ancient Wilts South 1812 177 (R C Hoare)
( 5) Vertical aerial photograph reference number NMR RAF/106G/UK/942 4128-9 19-OCT-1945
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 ASP 02-JUN-77
( 7) Vertical aerial photograph reference number NMR MAL/71016 143-4 23-MAR-1971
( 8) Externally held archive reference McOmish D, Field D & Brown G 2002 The Field Archaeology of Salisbury Plain Training Area.. Swindon: English Heritage Page(s)81

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

Site of a Neolithic chambered tomb excavated in 1965 when human remains and Windmill Hill pottery were found.

[ST 7808 4890] STANDING STONE [OE] (Human bones found A.D. 1819) (1)
A large, chambered barrow, was completely levelled when the garden of Fromefield House was extended in, or about, 1820. Five
chambers, containing skeletons and pottery, were revealed, also a large stone which was reported as ‘covering them’. The bones were left in situ and the stone, some 5 ft. high, erected over the site. (a)
Neolithic ‘A’ sherds from this Long Barrow are in Taunton Museum. (4)
Standing Stone – scheduled. (5)
The stone, which is 6 ft. x 3 ft. x 1 1/2 ft. stands, where published, in a thickly overgrown piece of ground owned by Mr. Cuss, formerly a gardener at Fromefield House: he has not found any re-interred bones. There is no trace of a mound.
Two stones at ST 7817 4897, in the garden of ‘Stonelands’, are thought to come from this barrow; both are standing, one 5 ft. and the other 2 ft. high. (See GP. AO/64/268/2). In the garden of ‘Ormonde’, at ST 7818 4897, is a prostrate stone measuring 6 ft. x 2 ft. x 1 1/4 ft. Surveyed at 1/2500. (6)
Two cuttings made in 1965 revealed that the mound was constructed of limestone slabs. Bases of six stoneholes were found, human bones, and some pottery. The remaining capstone, placed in a vertical position in 1820, was removed. (7)
The 1965 excavation was made for DOE prior to the levelling of the site and the building of a housing estate. The area had been much disturbed by the 1820 landscape gardening, but slight remains of a barrow mound were detected around the reset marker stone. Excavation across this mound and at the marker stone position discovered: (a) Six shallow holes, apparently randomly spaced, which could not be satisfactorily interpreted; (b) an aggregation of limestone slabs, which could have represented a collapsed peristalith or revetment wall, or might have been merely mound material; (c) fragmentary human bones representing at least 15 individuals, though most of the major bones were missing; (d) a few sherds of Windmill Hill pottery. It was concluded that the monument had been a stone-chambered tomb typologically similar to West Kennet. (8)

Details of Hillfort on Pastscape

Iron Age hillfort partly levelled in 1931.
A field survey carried out in 1993 by RCHME found the site to comprise a shallow sub-circular earthwork enclosing an area of about 1.8 hectares. The earthwork consists of a bank with external ditch, and hints of a counterscarp. Vestiges of a `celtic’ field system evidently underlying the enclosure remain, and spread north. Also noted were a number of parchmarks which probably represent the position of small pits. The hillfort may have been known as Cissanbyrig, one of the unidentified forts of the `Burghal Hidage’.

(SU 15195387) Chisenbury Camp (LB). (1)
A roughly circular IA ‘A’ hill fort, levelled in 1931 when the airfield was extended. Chisenbury Trendle as it was known, is
described as having an area of 5 acres and circumference of 594 yards. The rampart was 16 feet deep, though this seems doubtful as prior to levelling the best preserved, and seemingly little cultivated, portion was less than 6 feet high. Hoare believed the entrance to be in the south, where vestiges of an outwork were visible. Finds, in Devizes Museum, include a considerable amount of pottery, a piece of loom weight, three worked discs of chalk, a bone ‘counter’ and a human jawbone. Chisenbury Camp may be “Cissanbyrig”, one of the unidentified forts of the ‘Burghal Hidage’ (4).
Visible on AP. (2-5)
The rampart of this settlement remains as a spread bank 0.3 metres high, except in the south, where a scarp remains up to 1metre high, in a ploughed field. There is no trace of an entrance or of the outwork, either on the ground or on OS APs. Locally called “Chisenbury Camp”. Surveyed at 1:2500 from OS APs. (6)
Surveyed at 1:1000 by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA Project (see archive report for further details). The site consists of a shallow sub-circular earthwork enclosing an area of about 1.8 hectares, and which consists of a bank with external ditch, and hints of a counterscarp. Vestiges of a `celtic’ field system evidently underlying the enclosure remain, and spread north. Also noted were a number of parchmarks which probably represent the position of small pits. (7)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” Prov
( 2) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine (M E Cunnington) 46 (1932-4) Page(s)1-3
( 3) General reference Ancient Wiltshire, 1. 192 (R Colt Hoare)
( 4) Medieval archaeology : journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology (N Brooks) 8 (1964) Page(s)74-90
( 5) Aerial photograph AP CPE/UK/1821/3146
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 MHB 13-MAR-73
( 7) General reference D Field, D. Mcomish/02-FEB-1995/RCHME:SPTA Project

Details of site on Pastscape

An Iron Age enclosed settlement, which is roughly square/ sub rectangular in plan. It features a counterscarped bank with a causway entrance in the south side near the south-east corner. Excavations carried out in 1914 yielded Iron Age “La-Tene” style artefacts, as well as small quantities of Romano-British pottery. The relationships between fragments of “celtic” field systems in the area and the settlement are not clear.

(SU 16645335) Lidbury Camp (LB). (1)
A roughly square IA ‘A’ enclosure surrounded by a ? contemporary field system. A bank and ditch extend from the enclosure to the south and west. Excavated in 1914 the site yielded a La Tene IIIA bronze brooch, bone implements, a chalk spindle whorl, clay sling bullets, and pottery including haematite-coated smooth black, furrowed bowl (cf Little Woodbury) and shallow-tooled ware. (2)
A roughly square enclosed settlement of slightly less than one hectare comprises a single bank 1.8m high above an outer ditch 1.0m deep. A counterscarp bank 0.2m high, remains on the S and W sides, but probably originally extended around the N and E sides. A simple causeway entrance 6.0m wide in the S side near the SE corner is set at a slight angle. The SE corner of the settlement appears to have been re-aligned around a depression, 20.0m diameter and 1.4m deep, within the enclosure. The whole settlement is well preserved and lies on high ground in open downland. It is not now possible to ascertain the relationship between the enclosure and the surrounding field system (SU 15 SE 20). The name “Lidbury Camp” is still applied. Re-surveyed from OS AP control at 1:2500. (3)
Small enclosure surveyed at 1:1000 by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA Project (see archive report for further details). Sub-rectangular in outline and of less than 0.5ha in area, defined by a bank and external ditch. Traces of a `celtic’ field system and linear ditches lie within the immediate area. (4-6)
Addititional surveys (7-8)
The original report of the excavation referred to in source 2 was published in 1917. The excavation suggested two phases of construction, particularly around the area of the entrance. Iron Age and Romano-British artefacts were found. the report contains plans, section drawings and illustrations of finds. (9)
Lidbury Camp is a sub-square enclosure measuring up to 90 metres across. It forms part of a Scheduled Monument. (10)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” Prov
( 2) Victoria County History of Wiltshire 1, 1957 Page(s)69, 265
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 MHB 21-MAR-73
( 4) Lidbury/pencil survey Lidbury/ink survey
( 5) Lidbury/report
( 6) Field Investigators Comments D Field, D Mcomish/26-1-95/RCHME:SPTA Project
( 7) SU 15 SE 6 (Lidbury Camp) and 29 (1973)
( 8) Lidbury/ink survey
( 9) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine 40, 1917 Page(s)12-36
(10) Scheduled Monument Notification Scheduled 12-FEB-1990

Details of site on Pastscape

An Iron Age univallate enclosure, known as Guthredesburg in AD 921.

(SU 2176 5775) Godsbury (Guthredes Burg) (NR) (1)
Known as ‘Guthredesburg’ in the Saxon charter of AD 921 and as Gosbury in 1773. (2)
A roughly circular univallate earthwork enclosure of 1 1/2 acres. I A ? (3)
The oval earthwork, which occupies a commanding hilltop postition, comprises a bank up to 1.2 metres high externally and 0.5 metres internally. There is no discernible trace of a ditch and the entrance is not obvious on the south side (the northern part of the earthwork being under standing corn). The interior is covered by vegetation; nothing visible on OSAPs.
Probably an IA enclosure, still known as “Godsbury”. Published survey 1:2/500 revised. (4)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1926
( 2) General reference EPNS, 16, Wilts, 1939, 346. (Gover, Mawer and
( 3) General reference V C H Wilts, 1, pt 1, 1957, 264. (L V Grinsell)
( 4a) General reference OSAPs 71/476 86, 87
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 MJF 27-JUN-72

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow, destroyed, orientation and dimensions unknown
SU 199518; Fittleton 5a. A long barrow. destroyed, orientation and dimensions unknown. Probable site at SU 19925171 which looks like a lynchet bank. (1)
Colt Hoare’s map suggests that Fittleton 5a is probably more appropriately sited at SU 199522. (2)
No trace of the long barrow can be found in the vicinity of SU 199522. (3)
Originally recorded as Fittleton 5a by Goddard. (4)

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( 1) General reference VCH Wilts. 1. 1957, 140 (L.V Grinsell)
(1a) General reference Wilts. Archaeol. Natur. Hist. Mag. 38, 1913-14, 409 (M.E Cunnington)
( 2) General reference Ancient Wilts. 1. 1812, Map of Stn VI 178 (R. Colt Hoare)
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 MHB 20-MAR-73
( 4) General reference Wilts. Archaeol. Natur. Hist. Mag. 38. 1913-14. 256. (E.H Goddard)

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow, (Grinsell’s Fittleton 5), excavated by Cunnington who located inhumations beneath a pile of flints at the NNE end.
(SU 19885166) Long Barrow (LB). (1)
Fittleton 5. Long barrow; 140 x 55 x 4 1/2 ft. NNE/SSW. Side ditches clear. Excavated W Cunnington: primary deposit of many disordered skeletons beneath heap of flints at NNE end. Skull in Camb Anat Museum. (2)
SU 19895166. The long barrow is as described by Grinsell, although only traces of the side ditches remain. Published Survey 25” revised. (3)
Originally recorded as Fittleton 5 by Goddard. (4)
This long barrow was surveyed at 1:500 by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA Project (see project archive of further details). Oriented ENE, the mound is 45m long and 17m wide at the E end, tapering to 9m. It attains a maximum height of 1.5m at the E end. The two extant flanking ditches, measure a maximum 42m long and 13m wide and survive to a depth of 0.5m. That to the S being wider, perhaps because of weathering. The barrow is surrounded by a `celtic’ field system, overlain by ridge and furrow, but except perhaps for the ditches the barrow itself does not appear to have been affected.(5)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” Prov
( 2a) General reference Wilt Archaeol. Natur. Hist. Mag. 38, 1913-14, 409 (M.E Cunnington)
( 2) General reference VCH Wilts 1 1957 140 (L.V Grinsell)
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 MHB 20-MAR-73
( 4) General reference Wilts. Archaeol. Natur. Hist. Mag. 38. 1913-14. 256. (E.H Goddard)
( 5) General reference D Field/2-2-95/RCHME:SPTA Project

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A Neolithic long barrow orientated northeast-southwest on a low ridge in open downland, which now forms part of the Larkhill Artillery Range impact zone. Field investigations by RCHME field staff as part of the Salisbury Plain Training Area project in 1995 found the mound almost 2 metres high at the east end, measuring 53 metres long, tapering from 27 metres wide at the broad east end, down to 15 metres. The flanking ditches were slightly curved, 45 metres long, 10 metres wide and 1.25 metres deep with a weathered edge to the south ditch. Slight traces of `celtic’ fields surround the barrow and it has been severely damaged by military activity. Consequently, the mound, and side ditches, had been extensively damaged by shell-fire. A terrace had been cut along the top of the barrow’s north side, it was also surmounted by an Ordnance Survey triangulation pillar, now blasted down to ground level, gunnery-beacons, and a flagstaff. J.Thurnam excavated the barrow before 1869 locating a secondary Saxon inhumation. A Bronze Age spearhead also has been found.

(SU 07305137) Ell Barrow (NAT) Long Barrow (NR). (1)
Ell Barrow, orientated east to west, length 170 feet. Cunnington records a trampled but still distinct ditch. Thurnam excavated the barrow pre 1869 finding a secondary Saxon burial at 1 ft – 2 ft depth. The skull had a long cleft, apparently from a sword blow. (2-4) Burial listed by Meaney. (5)
Middle Bronze Age spearhead from Ell Barrow. Circumstances of finding unknown but probably a surface or sub-surface find. In Newbury Museum. (6)
SU 07305137 ‘Ell Barrow’ (name unverified) a severely mutilated earthen long barrow; clearly defined on OS APs (7). The mound
orientated northeast/southwest is 51.5 metres long, 1.4 metres high at the west end rising to 1.8 metres high at the east end; it has a maximum central width of about 36 metres, and is up to 1.8 metres high on the south side and 2.4 metres on the south side, above the ditch bottoms. Existing lateral ditches average 45 metres long, 9 metres wide and 1.2 metres deep, but with reference to Cunnington’s remark (3) the ditches have almost certainly been subsequently deepened for military purposes. ‘Ell Barrow’ is conspicuously sited on a low ridge in open downland, which now forms part of the Larkhill Artillery Range impact zone. Consequently, the mound, and side ditches, have been extensively damaged by shell-fire.
A terrace has been cut along the top of the barrow’s north side, it is also surmounted by an OS, triangulation pillar (now
blasted down to ground level); gunnery-beacons, and a flagstaff.
Resurveyed at 1:2500 on MSD. (8)
Originally recorded as Wilsford 3 by Goddard. (9)
This trapezoidal mound was surveyed at 1:500 by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA Project (SPTA no. 820, 822, 834), see project archive for further details. It stands almost 2 metres high at the east end and measures 53 metres long, tapering from 27 metres wide at the broad east end, down to 15 metres. The flanking ditches are slightly curved, 45 metres long, 10 metres wide and 1.25 metres deep with a weathered edge to the south ditch. There are slight traces of `celtic’ fields surrounding the barrow and it has been severely damaged by military activity. (10)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1939
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)122
( 3) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine M E Cunnington 38, 1913-4 Page(s)405
( 4) Society of Antiquaries of London Archaeologia : or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity J Thurnam 42, 1869 page(s)196
( 5) by Audrey Meaney 1964 A gazetteer of early Anglo-Saxon burial sites Page(s)267
( 6) Royal Archaeological Institute The Archaeological Journal H H Coghlan 51, 1971 Page(s)298-9
( 7) Aerial photograph OS 76/185/277-78
( 8) Field Investigators Comments F1 JWS 20-APR-1978
( 9) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine EH Goddard 38, 1913-4 Page(s)342
(10) Field Investigators Comments D Field/27-JAN-1995/RCHME:Salisbury Plain Training Area Project

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

A bowl barrow now pitted by shell craters, impossible to ascertain whether it was originally encircled by a ditch.

(SU 08765117) Slay Barrow (NR). (1)
Slay Barrow (Rushall 1), a bowl barrow very damaged by shell fire. (2)
SU 08755117. ‘Slay Barrow’ (name not verified), a prominent bowl barrow measuring about 24.0m in diameter and a height 1.9m; it is now pitted all over with shell craters and exhibits a distorted profile. The churned-up surrounding ground makes it
impossible to determine, by inspection, if the barrow was originally encircled by a ditch. Poorly defined on OS AP (3).
Situated in undulating downland, which now forms part of the Larkhill Artillery Range impact area. Resurveyed at 1:2500 on MSD. (4)
Originally recorded as Rushall 1 by Goddard. (5)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1939
( 2) General reference VCH Wilts 1 pt 1 1957 189 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) General reference OS 76/185/275
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 JWS 20-APR-78
( 5) General reference Wilts Archaeol. Natur. Mag. 38, 1913-14. 315 (E.H Goddard)

The Hallaton Shrine

“The Treasure was found in an Iron Age shrine dating from around 50 BC through to the Roman invasion of AD 43. Archaeologists believe that the site is a type of open air shrine that is the first of its kind to have been discovered in the UK. It was located on a hilltop and was probably enclosed by a ditch with a palisade to one side.

No building was discovered inside the enclosure and archaeologists believe that people were worshipping some natural feature – trees, stones or perhaps even wooden idols.
The shrine was witness to a lot of activity from the turn of the 1st century AD until the time of the Roman invasion. Worshippers were burying their riches, feasting and sacrificing.

Watch a slide show to see what was happening over the years of The Hallaton Shrine” at Leicestershire County Council’s website.

“Evidence of a new kind of shrine?

In CA 233 we reported on the discovery at Hallaton, in Leicestershire, of a rare Roman cavalry parade helmet. It was just one of a number of items of treasure found at a pre-Roman shrine that continues to excite debate. Frank Hargrave, Project Officer at the Harborough Museum describes the other finds.”

The full article can be read in Archaeology 236.

archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/the-hallaton-treasure-evidence-of-a-new-kind-of-shrine.htm

The Hallaton Treasure – The Coins

The treasure includes more than 5,000 silver and gold coins.
Experts estimate that most of the coins date from about 50 BC to slightly beyond the Roman conquest. However, there are over 300 Roman coins which date to later activity at the site, right up to the 4th century AD.

The Treasure also includes the oldest Roman coin ever found in Britain.

View a slide show of the coins at Leicestershire County Council‘s website

Loyal dog still guarding coins after 2,000 years

“Archaeologists have pieced together the remains of a 2,000-year-old guard dog whose spirit is believed to have protected a hoard of treasure. The skeleton, which is about the same size as that of a retriever or Alsatian, was discovered in a pit at the site of an Iron Age shrine in Hallaton, near Market Harborough.
The hoard was discovered a decade ago and is now housed in a gallery at Harborough Museum.
The dog’s skeleton, which was pieced together by experts from the University of Leicester’s archaeological services, will go on show at the museum for the first time on Saturday.”

More at:
thisisleicestershire.co.uk/Loyal-dog-guarding-coins-2-000-years/story-12040212-detail/story.html

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A Neolithic long barrow is visible as earthworks and a pair of upstanding stones on aerial photographs. The site comprises an oval mound which measures 48.0m long, and 28.0m wide across the centre, at which point it has been almost flattened; it attains a height of about 0.5m at the east. The longer axis of the mound is oriented ENE-WSW, and it is surrounded by a circa 2 metre wide raised strip, likely to be the result of plough damage. This site has been mapped from aerial photographs as part of the Cotswolds Hills National Mapping Programme.

SO 96490659 Hoar Stone (NAT) Long Barrow (NR) (1)
A long barrow 120 ft long by 90 ft wide and 3 ft high, orientated east to west with a large stone, the Hoar Stone, placed at the east end, probably as some kind of fake portal. To the south of the centre of the barrow is a large prostrate slab; the capstone of the chamber excavated by Anthony Preston in 1806, in which he found the remains of 8 or 9 skeletons. The chamber was divided into two segments. (2-4)
Hoar Stone (NAT) Long Barrow and Burial Chambers (NR) (Remains of) (NAT) (5)
An extremely mutilated long barrow, oriented east-west situated in arable, below the crest of a wide spur at about 700 ft (213.0 m) above sea level. The mound, now extensively spread by ploughing, is 48.0 m long, and 28.0 m wide across the centre, at which point it has been almost flattened; it attains a height of about 0.5 m at the east and 0.9 m at the west end. There are no traces of side ditches. The ‘Hoar Stone’ (name verified, and in local use) or ‘Flight Stone’ (a) is a large lozenge shaped, weathered sarsen, 1.9 m high to its point, 2.0 m wide at base and 1.0 m thick, it leans at about 30o out of vertical. The kite shaped capstone, 2.7 m long, 2.0 m wide and 0.3 m thick appears to be in situ. A chamber (with? dividing wall), now full of limestone fragments, is partly visible beneath the slab. Several earth-fast stones, set on edge, are visible on the unploughed portion of the mound (24.0 m east/west by 9.5 m north/south in extent) which is now under a cover of uncultivated vegetation. Long barrow resurveyed at 1:2500 on AM. (6)
A Neolithic long barrow is visible as earthworks and a pair of upstanding stones on aerial photographs. The site is centred on SO 9649 0659 and comprises an oval mound which measures 48.0m long, and 28.0m wide across the centre, at which point it has been almost flattened; it attains a height of about 0.5m at the east. The longer axis of the mound is oriented ENE-WSW, and it is surrounded by a circa 2 metre wide raised strip, likely to be the result of plough damage. The pair of capstones are clearly visible on aerial photographs, and their dimensions compare with those given by authority 6 above (7).

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1960
( 2) by Glyn E Daniel 1950 The prehistoric chamber tombs of England and Wales Page(s)221
( 3) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 1960 (O’Neill and Grinsell) 79 Page(s)77
( 4) Aerial photograph RAF 541/17 4091-2, 14-MAY-1948
( 5) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1919
( 6a) Oral information, correspondence (not archived) or staff comments
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 JWS 08-OCT-77
( 7) Scheduled Monument Notificationn 20-Aug-1998
( 8) Oblique aerial photograph reference number NMR SO 9606/6 NMR 23685/07 18-OCT-2004

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

Neolithic crematorium long barrow, trapezoidal mound incorporating a morturary enclosure, excavated c 1850 and 1960, slightly ploughed down, but still well-defined. Finds included Neolithic pottery, flint and stone implements.

TA 0296 7608. TUMULI [NR]. (1)
Willerby Wold Long Barrow was excavated by Greenwell in the mid-19th century, and shown to be one of the crematorium long barrows peculiar to Yorkshire.
From 1958-60 a more extensive excavation was undertaken to clear the whole eastern end of the mound. The barrow was a trapezoidal mound 122ft long, 35ft broad at the east end and flanked by ditches on the north and south sides. It had been erected over the site of a trapezoidal mortuary enclosure which had had a post-set facade at the eastern end incorporating a ritual-pit at the centre and another set behind. Bones of several bodies had been placed in the crematorium deposit and had been cremated by the firing of the deposit after the erection of the mound. (See plans).
Finds included Neolithic pottery (carinated bowls of Piggott’s Grimston Ware) and flint and stone implements. The sherds found by Greenwell Collection in the British Museum. (2)
The adjacent round barrow is referred to by Greenwell and included with several others, “...most of which I have opened.” (3)
Slightly ploughed down, but still well-defined. Published survey (25”) correct. (4)
TA 0295 7607. Long barrow, 750m NW of High Forden Farm. Scheduled RSM number 23801. (5)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” map, 1912
( 2) General reference PPS, vol 29, 1963, p 173-205, Excavn Re . plans, photos figs (T G Manby)
( 3) General reference British Barrows, 1878, p 487 (W Greenwell)
( 4) General reference Field Investigator, RWE, 15-MAY-1968
( 5) General reference English Heritage, Scheduling Amendment, 25-MAR-1994

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

An earth and stone Neolithic long barrow up to 33m long orientated ENE-WSW. It is up 2m high and 16m wide at the eastern end but reduces in both width and height towards the western end where it measures up to 1m high and 7m wide.
(NY 61541199) (46) Mound of long barrow form, 175 yds SSW of 27 (NY 61 SW 33) – of piled stones partly turf covered, 87’ long and tapers from 49’(at E end) to 25’ wide. (1)
An elongated mound of consolidated stone which has all the attributes of a long cairn. It is orientatd east and west, is “whale shaped” in profile and measures 30.0m in length. At the highest part, to the east, the mound is 1.0m high and 14.0m wide and it tapers to 0.5m high and 7.0m wide at the west end. Surveyed at 1:10 000. (2)
Additional reference. (3)
NY 61521198 Cow Green long barrow. An earth and stone mound up to 33m long orientated ENE-WSW. It is up 2m high and 16m wide at the eastern end but reduces in both width and height towards the western end where it measures up to 1m high and 7m wide; scheduled. (4)

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( 1) Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, England 1936 An inventory of the historical monuments in Westmorland Page(s)89
( 2) Field Investigators Comments F1 BHP 18-APR-75
( 3) edited by Roger Miket and Colin Burgess 1984 Between and beyond the Walls : essays on the prehistory and history of north Britain in honour of George Jobey Masters L The Neolithic Long Cairns of Cumbria and Northumberland Page(s)52-73
( 4) General reference English Heritage SAM Amendment 12.8.92

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

The site of a Neolithic chambered long barrow, north of Battlescombe Farm. Known locally as The Giants Stone which referred to one of two vertical stones which originally formed the chambers and which were left standing after the barrow had been destroyed. Nothing of the barrow or either stone now remains.

SO 91770611 The Giant’s Stone (NAT) Burial Chamber (NR) (Remains of) (NAT) (1)
A chambered long barrow, known as the Giant’s Stone Barrow, was almost destroyed by 1883, although some of the stones forming the chambers remained. One of them was known locally as the Giant’s Stone. Apart from two megaliths, 4 ft long and 2 ft above ground, there are now no traces of the barrow except for a slight indication of a mound. (2-5)
This area is now completely covered by a tangle of fallen trees, overgrown with nettles and scrub. No trace of any mound could be found, and only one ivy-covered upright stone, 0.4 m high by 1.2 m wide by 0.1 m thick was located, at SO 91770611, as depicted on OS 25” (1).
The name, ‘The Giant’s Stone’, could not be verified locally. Published 1:2500 detail correct. (6)
The stone know as ‘The Giants Stone’ was apparently originally part of a chambered long barrow. The barrow was virtually destroyed in 1883 although some of the stones froming the chambers remained. The site was visited by Crawford in 1920, and he noted that the barrow had been removed, or nearly so, leaving some of the stones which formed the chambers, especially a large one locally known as ‘The Giant’s Stone’. He recorded two vetical moss-grown stones spaced about 6 inches apart, placed parallel to each other, the tops of which were about 2ft above the ground, and alignd east-west. A visit in 1986 by R Cudby resulted in a report that according to local knowledge the stones were carted awy, and one of them was left beside the access to a field further up the lane to prevent cart from damaging the dry stoen wall. He located the site of the long barrow, but there were no obvious remains, although he thought that he saw broken fragments of one of the stones buried in the ground. The location given by the grid reference was visited. The stone was though to lie on the north side of a track. This track is bounded on the north and south sides by a dry stone wall, but the wall is demolished at the point where the stone should be, and there is no sign of the stone. There is also no obvious sign of a long barrow in the immediate vicinity. (7)
The site of the Neolithic chambered long barrow referred to by the above authorities (1-7) was viewed on aerial photographs as part of The Cotswold Hilsl NMP survey but no earthworks or cropmarks were visible. (8)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1913
( 2) by G B Witts 1883 Archaeological handbook of the county of Gloucester, being an explanatory description of the archaeological map of Gloucestershire Witts, G.B. (1883) 79, No15
( 3) by Glyn E Daniel 1950 The prehistoric chamber tombs of England and Wales Daniels, G.E. (1950) 225, No 32
( 4) by O G S Crawford 1925 The long barrows of the Cotswolds Crawford O.G.S (1925) 100-101, No 28
( 5) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society O’Neill & Grinsell (1960) Gloucestershire Barrows, Lists: Long Barrows, Gloucestershire. 79 Page(s)72
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 GB 11-OCT-77
( 7) English Heritage Alternative Action Report J Heath, 09 March 1999
( 8) RCHME/EH Aerial Photographers Comment Amanda Dickson/18-JAN-2010/English Heritage: Gloucestershire County Council: The Cotswolds Hills NMP

Details of Site on Pastscape

The Broad Stone – probable pond barrow and standing stone.
[SY 59539040] THE BROADSTONE [OE] (1)
“Lies flat – sarsen not conglomerate”. (2)
Scheduled ancient monument No.34 (3)
“Half a mile W [of the stone circle 39 SE 6].. in the road, is large, flat, rude stone, about 10ft long, 5fft broad, and 2ft thick, perhaps the remains of a cromtech (4). Similar information called The “BROAD STONE” (5). (4-5)
Conglomerate stone, the type which may well have been used for a megalithic purpose. (6)
A sarsen set in the verge at the roadside, and partly turf covered. The stone has the following approximate dimensions:- length 2.8m; breath 1.5m; depth 0.5m. Possibly of a megalithic period, but there is no visible evidence by which the stone can be dated. It is extremely weathered on the S. side. See AO/55/24/7. (7)
A-SY59569039 B-SY59659036 A – a semi circular bank with an inner height of 1.0m and an outer height of 0.6m crossed by an obviously later E-W road fence north of which the feature has been destroyed. See GP Overall diam 27.0m. It is grass covered and has a heavy scatter of flint. There are no interior features. It is situated in a much disturbed valley floor. At the SW there is a marked lowering of the bank giving an entrance effect which is probably original. Apparently a pond barrow. B is similarly situated to A and like the BROAD STONE is probably sandstone conglomerate and much weathered. The greater portion of the stone, which leans to the south, is probably embedded in the ground, the maximum length of the exposed face and also the width is 0.9m. No other stones were found in the vicinity. (8)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1903
( 2) General reference Rec 6” (OGS Crawford Undtd)
( 3) General reference Pte 6” Dorset Co. Museum (HMOW Copy)
( 4) General reference Hist of Dorset VOL 2 1863 3rd Edn p 196 (HUTCHINs)
( 5) General reference Ancient Dorset 1872 p111-112 (C WARNE)
( 6a) General reference Aubrey Ms pt 1. p.35
( 6) General reference R.C.H.M. Mss file
( 7) Field Investigators Comments F1 NVQ 03-JAN-55
( 8) Field Investigators Comments F2 JR 24-JAN-55

Details of site on Pastscape

A granite standing stone on St Breock Downs, surrounded by three round barrows and a bowl barrow. It is roughly rectangular in section and measures approximately 1.7 metres by 0.3 metres at the base, and is approximately 2.3 metres high. The stone stands on a very slight mound. Large cracks in the stone are probably due to frost action. Part of the rock has split off from the top and is wedged where it has dropped into a deep crack. This is a natural break. The standing stone is thought to be of Late Neolithic/ Early Bronze Age date.
(SW 97316826) Stone (NR) (1)
Granite monolith on St Breock Downs. Roughly rectangular in section and measuring 5ft 6” by 1ft at the base. Approximately 7ft 6” high. The stone stands on a very slight mound. (2)
As described; the mound is very shallow, about 0.1m high, and unsurveyable. Published siting correct. (3)
The stone is 2.4m high, 1.4m wide and 0.6m thick, and stands on a mound 0.1m high and 6.0m in diameter. Surveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. (4) Scheduled. (5)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1963
( 2) General reference D of E (IAM) MS file 358
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 06-JAN-72
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F2 NJA 05-APR-77
( 5) Scheduled Monument Notification Cornwall

Details of Site on Pastscape

Standing stone known as the Long Stone or Eddystone. It is a massive, unworked block of quartz, set upright, and standing roughly 4 metres high. A small hole in the top of the stone was used to support a weather vane. The tithe map of 1842 indicates the existence of a prehistoric barrow, now levelled, associated with the standing stone.

“Long Stone” – a large rough quartz stone fixed upright, about 13 ft high.’ Standing stone at Music-water (Name SW 904 685). (1,2) (SW 9055 6869) Long Stone (NAT) (applies to ‘dot’ symbol). (3)
A standing stone of unworked white quartz 3.6 metres high, tapering from an approximately 1.8 metres “square” base. A metal spike has been set in the top with a crude wooden carving of a fish attached to it to form a weather vane. (4)
No change since report of 25 1 72. Surveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. (5)
SW 90556869. Standing stone known as the Long Stone or Eddystone. It is a massive, unworked block of quartz, set upright, and standing roughly 4 metres high. A small hole in the top of the stone was used to support a weather vane. The tithe map of 1842 indicates the existence of a prehistoric barrow, now levelled, associated with the standing stone. Scheduled. (6)

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( 1) General reference Pydar map & notes. C1842 70 (R Thomas)
( 2) William C Borlase 1872 Naenia Cornubiae Naenia Cornubiae 1872, 98 (W C Borlase) Page(s)98
( 3) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1880
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 MJF 25-JAN-72
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F2 NVQ 18-APR-77
( 6) Scheduled Monument Notification 08-SEP-2003

Details of site on Pastscape

A low flat-topped mound has been interpreted as the remains of a barrow. A stone measuring 0.7 by 0.9 by 2.4 metres high standing on it is thought to be a standing stone.
[SW 40023290] Long Stone [NR] (1)
Long stone at Boswens Croft, 9 feet in height. (2)
Sancreed, Longstone west of Boswens Common – Scheduled Ancient Monument. (3)
This stone stands on a barrow. (4)
The stone is of rectangular section measuring 0.7m x 0.9m. and is 2.4m. high. It is set in a low, flat-topped, mound of stone and earth, 0.3m. high, which represents the remains of a barrow. No retaining stones are identifiable around the perimeter. Ground photograph: see AO/61/35/5 from NW. (5)
No change from report of 6 1 61. (6)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) 6” 1908.
( 2) General reference Ancient Crosses of West Cornwall 1858 (J.T. Blight) Page(s)171
( 3) General reference List Anc.Mon. in Eng. & Wales 1958, p.20. (M.O.W.)
( 4a) Oral information, correspondence (not archived) or staff comments
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 EG 16-DEC-60
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F2 NVQ 06-JAN-61
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F3 MJF 09-MAY-75

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

Heavily restored and damaged Neolithic chambered long barrow on Portesham Hill (SY 60588670) Hell Stone (NAT) Long Barrow (NR) (1)
The Hell Stone, Neolithic chambered long barrow (SY 60588670) is situated on Portesham Hill, over 600 ft above OD, on the
summit of the south facing limestone escarpment which here forms a flat-topped ridge running north west – south east, the
ground falls steeply on the south west to a re-entrant and less steeply on the north east to a dry valley. The long mound
is aligned along the ridge (130o), with a reconstructed stone chamber exposed at the south east end.
The much-damaged mound is at least 88 ft long and up to 40 ft wide, tapering slightly to north west, it is of rounded
cross-profile and rises to a maximum height of 5 ft near the chamber, but further south east it is much disturbed and at
most 2 ft high. The chamber, incorrectly rebuilt in 1866, now consists of nine orthostats, up to 5 3/4 ft high and from
1 1/4 ft to 1 3/4 ft thick, supporting a roughly oval capstone, 10 ft by 8 ft and averaging just over 2 ft thick. Smaller stones embedded in the mound in front of the chamber may represent a former peristalith, probably not continuous. The stones are sarsen of Bagshot age, a hard Tertiary conglomerate containing flint gravel. A drawing of 1790 by S H Grimm shows the capstone supported by one or two orthostats and tilting to the south with another orthostat to the north and recumbent stones to south and south west. Hutchins, who published a similar illustration states that the arrangement of the stones was
partly due to shepherds who used the chamber as a shelter. Nevertheless the stones clearly represent an original chamber,
and the Hell Stone is comparable to the `Grey Mare and her Colts`, less than 1 1/2 miles to the west on the same ridge (SY 58 NE 19).
The barrow is now crossed by a stone wall running north – south to east of which it has been disturbed by digging. Ploughing
has enroached on the mound, and air photographs (CPE/UK 1824, 3299) suggest that it was used as a `Celtic` field boundary
(SY 68 NW ). Resurveyed at 1:2500 (See illustration). (3)
Long barrow generally as described by RCHM (2). Length 38.0m., maximum width 17.0m., height 1.4m. Very mutilated. No visible
ditch. Re-surveyed at 1:2500 on M.S.D (4)
The Hell Stone lies at SY 6058 8670, in a similar location to the Grey Mare and Her Colts (SY 58 NE 19), at the head of a dry valley system which runs south and southwest via Hell Bottom to the southern edge of the Ridgeway at Corton Hill. The Hell Stone comprises a rectangular mound, orientated NW-SE and 24m long. The mound tapers in width from the southeast end (12m) to the northwest end (8m) and is 1m high. An arrangement of upright sarsens with a massive capstone sits on the southeast end of the mound. This was an attempt at restoration in 1866 when eight gentlemen fabricated something more akin to a portal dolmen than to the façade of a chambered long barrow (C Warne, Ancient Dorset 1872, ii). A drystone field wall runs across the mound and a pond for watering stock was dug close to the southeast end of the mound very recently (5).
The site was surveyed using EDM at a scale of 1: 200 as part of a survey of the long barrows on the South Dorset Ridgeway carried out by English Heritage and the Ridgeway Survey Group (6)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1963
( 2a) General reference Hutchins` History of Dorset 3rd Edn 2 1863 759 & Illust
( 2b) General reference Anc Dorset 1872 135 & Illust (C Warne)
( 2) General reference RCHM Dorset 2 pt 3 1970 432
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 NVQ 22-MAR-55
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F2 JGB 28-MAR-80
( 5) Field Investigators Comments Riley, H June 2006 EH Field Investigation
( 6) General reference Riley, H 2008 Long Barrows on the South Dorset Ridgeway. A Survey by English Heritage and the Ridgeway Survey Group. EH Research Department Report.

Details of site on Pastscape

Bronze Age round barrow, formerly identified as a stone circle.
(SE 57569790) Stone Circle (NR). (1)
Cairn Circle (NR). (2)
The “Bride Stones” (SE 576978): A doubtful example of a burial circle, or degenerate henge-monument, named the “Bride Stones”, occurs on Nab Ridge. These circles often enclose cremation pits or urn burials and such burials are also found outside the enclosures, as well. They are frequently situated in or near groups of small stony cairns. (3)
The name “Bride Stones” probably belongs to this stone circle and not be the cairn (SE 59 NE 11) 50 paces to the north. The feature has been extensively robbed of its stones but appears to consist of a circular bank revetted with stones inside and outside. Three stones on the north and ten stones in the SE quadrant of the inner kerb remain standing, with heights up to one metre. Inside the circle old and recent holes have been dug but there are no records of any finds. The circle resembles a ring-work or henge-circle such as those excavated on Great Ayton Moor (Scarborough Arch Soc Report No 7 1967. Enclosures C and D (NZ 51 SE 1) but such kerbs of close-set stones are often found in barrows such as Hobtrusch Rook (SE 69 SE 3). It is more likely to be a mutilated tumulus and Elgee noted (after he had published his Early Man in NE Yorkshire in 1930 where he described it as a stone circle) that it resembled the kerb of a barrow. (4)
Correctly described by Hayes. The circle was clearly originally formed by an unbroken faced ‘wall’ in conjunction with closely set orthostats such as is commonly found in the great Cumberland type stone circles. While the overall dimension of 12m here precludes any further comparison with the latter, the remains as they stand favour some form of burial ring rather than a cairn kerb. Published survey (25”) revised. (5)
Set on a south-facing slope at SE 57569790 are the well-defined remains of a circular stone-walled enclosure measuring 13.0m
diameter over a partly robbed and collapsed rubble wall averaging 2.0m wide.
The inner face of the wall in the E quadrant is formed of several large contigious boulders set upright. Three similar appear in the N. The outer face (less evident but still extant and covered by thick heather) where best preserved in the NE consists of large boulders contigiously laid but horizontally. Elsewhere the facing stones have fallen over. There is no trace of an entrance. (The obvious place for one in the S is too overgrown and mutilated to say if there was one here or not).
The interior is not levelled and follows the natural slope of the hill. This may be due to heavy peat built-up but the inner
facing stones in the N suggest that this site was never levelled. This is not a stone circle and not a modern feature (ie sheepfold, stock pond, etc.). Surveyed at 1:10,000 (on field document). (6)
SE 576979. “Bridge stones(sic) round cairn and stone circle. Scheduled. (7)
SE 5756 9790. Round barrow 900m NNE of Oak House. Scheduled RSM No 25548. (8)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1930
( 2) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1958
( 3) General reference Hist of Helmsley (J McDonell) 1963 36-7 389 (Bronze AgeArch – R H Hayes)
( 4) General reference Letter and plan R H Hayes 27.5.73
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F1 RE 06-DEC-73
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F2 ISS 09-APR-75
( 7) General reference DOE(IAM) AMs Eng 1978 49
( 8) General reference English Heritage Scheduling Amendment 17/11/94

Details of Site on Pastscape

A group of six barrows, one potentially of Neolithic date. Most have been destroyed, either by ploughing or via use as quarries for road-building material. Two mounds believed to belong to the group are currently scheduled, although Ordnance Survey field investigation could only identify one surviving mound. It is impossible to identify any particular barrow in the group with the various reported finds. The possible Neolithic mound was apparently demolished for road building material in the mid-19th century. In the centre was a cist or grave formed of flat stones placed edgeways and the spaces between infilled with dry walling. It was covered with flat stones, over which a cairn covered with a layer of earth was constructed. The cist contained 7 inhumations, described as “doubled-up” (presumably crouched). Outside the cist were some small heaps of charcoal, some flint flakes, and some animal bones. The suggetsed Neolithic date relies solely on the apparently collective nature of the burials. There is no firm dating evidence. 3 of the barrows in the group were identified as still surviving by Passmore in 1921. One was destroyed in 1931, large stone slabs from it being sold for use in a rock garden at Battledown Manor. A skull was also found. In 1974, the Ordnance Survey could only identify one mound 14 metres in diameter and circa 0.3 metres high. Any surviving trace of the other mounds was presumed to have disappearred through ploughing. Bones found inthe mounds when they were largely destroyed for road building material circa 1860 were said to have been reburied in the churchyard (presumably Hawling?). It is believed that the barrow group can be identified with the “heathen burial place” mentioned in a charter of AD 816.

Six round barrows at the Waste, Hawling (1), five of them shown on a map of 1748 (a), were largely demolished for road material c 1860 (b). One of them contained communal interments in the Neolithic tradition (2), and was described by Dr H Bird (3) as being 60 ft dia by 5 ft high with a central cist containing the remains of seven individuals. A D Passmore (4) located three of the barrows in 1921 (“A” at SP 05462181, “B” at SP 05542186 and “C” at SP 05542174), but in 1959 Grinsell found “A” to have probably been removed by quarrying and “B” measured 18 paces dia by 1 ft high and “C” was 28 paces dia by 2 ft high. The three other barrows, which lay in the area SP 056217, have all been destroyed (2). The site was referred to as “the heathen burial-place” in a charter of AD 816(5).
The remains of one ploughed-down barrow 14.0m in diameter and about 0.3m high is visible at SP 05542175 (“C”). All trace of the other barrows has disappeared under the plough. (1-5) Surveyed at 1:2500. (6)
The Waste, SP 056217. A Neolithic round cairn listed by Kinnis containing a central rectangular cist with seven bodies. (7)
A group of six round barrows formerly stood at “The Waste”, southwest of the village of Hawling. Five are depicted on a map of Hawling of 1748. Witt (1883) appears to be the first to mention six. Reports as to their fate are a little confusing. O’Neil and Grinsell quote an unpublished source stating that the barrows were “virtually destroyed” for road material circa 1860, whereas other sources refer to only one of the barrows being destroyed at this time. In 1921, AD Passmore “rediscovered” three of them as extant mounds (Hawling 5, 6 & 7 in O’Neil and Grinsell’s numbering scheme, located at SP 05462181, SP 05542186 and SP 05542174 respectively). In 1959, when Grinsell visited the site of the barrows, Hawling 5 had been “probably removed by quarrying” (one of the mounds was reportedly destroyed in 1931 – see below); Hawling 6 was measured at 18 paces diameter and 1 foot high; and Hawling 7 measured 28 paces in diameter and 2 feet high. 22 years previously, O’Neil recorded Hawling 7 as a mound 3 feet high and measuring 70 paces by 50 paces, its longer axis aligned north-south. When the Ordnance Survey field investigator visited in 1974, only one of the mounds, Hawling 7, was still extant, measuring 14 metres in diameter and 0.3 metres high. However, by 1981 two mounds had been scheduled. One is Hawling 7; the other, located at SP 05522170, was described as a mound 25 metres in diameter and 0.7 metres high. The grid reference places it very close to the road, and locates it some distance from the mounds recorded by Passmore and Grinsell.
One of the barrows has been suggested to be of Neolithic date. Unfortunately it is impossible to identify any of the known mounds with any of the reported discoveries. The possible Neolithic mound was apparently demolished for road-building material circa 1860. In the centre was a cist or grave formed of flat stones placed edgeways, the spaces between them filled with dry walling. It was roofed with flat slabs, over which a cairn covered with a layer of earth was constructed. The cist contained 7 inhumations, described as “doubled-up” (presumably crouched). Outside the cist were some small heaps of charcoal, some flint flakes and some animal bones. The suggetsed Neolithic date relies solely on the apparently collective nature of the burials. There is no firm dating evidence. It seems likely that the other mounds were substantially removed for road material around the same time, and a source quoted by O’Neil and Grinsell claims that the humanbones found at the time were re-buried in the churchyard (presumably at Hawling) although this could not be confirmed. One of the barrows, presumably one of the mounds identified by Passmore, and thus probably Hawling 5, was destroyed in 1931. Large stone slabs from it were sold for use in a rock garden at Battledown Manor, and a skull was also found. The presence of large stone slabs suggests that this was either the suggested Neolithic mound, or that similar burial structures were present in more thanone of the barrows. Finally, it has been suggetsed that the barrow group represents the “heathen burials” (Heathenan Byrigelse) mentioned in a charter of AD 816. (1-8)

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( 1) by G B Witts 1883 Archaeological handbook of the county of Gloucester, being an explanatory description of the archaeological map of Gloucestershire Round barrows 121-6. Page(s)108
( 2a) Externally held archive reference 1748 Map of Hawling by F Stratford, now in Glos Records Office
( 2b) Oral information, correspondence (not archived) or staff comments
( 2) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society O’Neil, H and L Grinsell. Gloucestershire Barrows. 79, 1960 Page(s)43, 59, 98, 118
( 3) Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club proceedings (H Bird) 6, 1871-6 Page(s)333-4
( 4) Annotated Record Map Rec 6” (O G S Crawford)
( 5) General reference Finberg, H. 1961. Early Charters of the West Midlands 1961 (H P R Finberg) Page(s)184
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 DRB 21-MAR-74
( 7) by Ian Kinnes 1979 Round barrows and ring-ditches in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers no.7 Page(s)21-22
( 8) Scheduled Monument Notification 13-OCT-1999

Details of site on Pastscape

Holed stone, pit, barrow: possibly remains of a cist/burial chamber
(SW) 70632770(1) The Tolvan, the largest holed stone in Cornwall, measured 8ft 6ins high by 8ft 11ins wide at the base, and about 1ft thick. The hole s 17ins in diameter (2) (see illustration) A cottage was built on the site in 1847 and the stone was moved to its present position, built into the yard fence behind the cottage. At this time several pieces were cut off the Tolvan, to make gateposts, so that it now measures 7ft 9ins high 7ft 7ins wide at the base. (3) A few years before 1864 while digging close to the Tolvan a pit was discovered in which were fragments of pottery arranged in circular order, and the whole covered with a flat sab (2) It has been suggested that the Tolvan is the remains of a burial chamber but G Daniel thinks this unlikely. (4)
(SW) 70662772(1) About 80 yds away is the remains of a barrow 20 yards in diameter. ‘A trough-like stone called the ‘Cradle’ on the eastern side of the barrow has long since been destroyed. (1-4)
At the original site of the stone there was a five foot diameter pit lined with spar-stones; this was the cist or grave and the stone the last surviving side-stone of a mighty Quoit or Dolmen.
It gave its name to the whole estate of Tolvean, properly Tol-vean or ‘Holed-stone’. The survey of 1649 refers to a part of Tolvean called Main-toll (ie Holed-stone) Down and mentions the ‘Main-toll great stone’.
The ‘Tolvan Stone’ at SW 70622770 can hardly be other than prehistoric. The somewhat differing accounts of finds at the original site suggest contrived evidence but it is not clear why Dr Daniel should dismiss the possibility of a burial chamber. There is no trace of the barrow noted by Blight. (5-6)

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( 1) General reference CA 5 1966 80 (E Dowson)
( 2) General reference Arch Camb 3rd S 1864 293 (J T Blight)
( 3) General reference Hist Constantine 1937 8-9 illus (C Henderson)
( 4) General reference Prehist Chamb Tombs 1950 46 (G E Daniel)
( 5) General reference History of Constantine 1937 8-9 (C Henderson)
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 NVQ 29-OCT-71

Details of site on Pastscape

A round cairn of Early Bronze Age (or possibly Late Neolithic) date located circa 200 metres north of the Nympsfield long barrow (SO 70 SE 6) on the escarpment edge overlooking the vale of Berkeley. It was excavated in 1937, although by then it had been considerably disturbed, presumably by earlier unrecorded excavations. In 1937, it was measured at 56 feet in diameter and 7 feet high, although the previous unrecorded digging had left the centre resembling a large crater rather than a mound. The mound consisted entirely of stone, with no earth content. A stone kerb also appears to have originally surrounded the foot of the mound. Beneath the centre was a rock-cut boat-shaped pit lined with drystone walling, the “pointy” end facing south. The pit is presumed to have been covered originally by slabs, some being found in the nearby woodland. The pit was a maximum 11 feet in length and 4.5 feet wide, and was up to 3.75 feet deep. The pit contained a large quantity of disturbed, disarticulated and fragmented human remains representing between 28 and 44 individuals, adult and children, male and female all being represented. Some animal bones (ox, pig and dog) were also in the pit, as were two sherds of pottery. Some potsehrds were also found on the edge of the pit, while further sherds and animal bones were contained within the mound, along with the skeletal remains of a further adult male. The pottery was considered at the time to be Early Bronze Age, although the sherds are undiagnostic and effectively undated. The collective nature of the burials has prompted comparisons with Neolithic burial practices, although again the remains are effectively undated.

SO 794015 (1). A round cairn situated in a wood about 230 yds. north of the Nympsfield long barrow (SO 70 SE 6) and measuring 56ft. in diamter by 7ft. high, is known as the Soldier’s Grave. When excavated by Mrs Clifford in 1937 it was found to have been opened many years previously, and the centre removed. The mound was built entirely of freestone, without any admixture of soil, and below it in the centre was a rock-cut boat-shaped tomb lined with dry stone walling, and presumed to have been originally covered by stone slabs, two of which were found nearby. In the tomb were the remains of between 28 and 44 individuals; and incorporated in the mound were the bones of one adult male. Pottery found in the tomb and mound, and examined by Stuart Piggott, dates the barrow as Early Bronze Age, although it retains the collective burial rites of the Neolithic period (2) The shape of the tomb may relate it to the late B1 Beaker-makers who spread from Gloucestershire to Brecknock and Glamorgan, where there are similar shaped vaults, thought to suggest a ritual belief in a voyage of the dead(3) (1-3)
SO79370152 A mutilated cairn up to 2.3 metres high with an off-centre, 1.5 metre deep pit. Surveyed at 1/2500 (4)
The soldier’s Grave round barrow is suggested by Darvill as of a category that may be dated to the Neolithic period. (5)
Soldier’s Grave. Listed by Kinnis as an example of a Neolithic round cairn with a boat-shaped rock-cut pit containing the fragmentary disarticulated remains of a minimum of 28 adults and children and plain pottery. (6)
A round cairn of Early Bronze Age (or possibly Late Neolithic) date located circa 200 metres north of the Nympsfield long barrow (SO 70 SE 6) on the escarpment edge overlooking the vale of Berkeley. It was excavated in 1937, although by then it had been considerably disturbed, presumably by earlier unrecorded excavations. In 1937, it was measured at 56 feet in diameter and 7 feet high, although the previous unrecorded digging had left the centre resembling a large crater rather than a mound. The mound consisted entirely of stone, with no earth content. A stone kerb also appears to have originally surrounded the foot of the mound. Beneath the centre was a rock-cut boat-shaped pit lined with drystone walling, the “pointy” end facing south. The pit is presumed to have been covered originally by slabs, some being found in the nearby woodland. The pit was a maximum 11 feet in length and 4.5 feet wide, and was up to 3.75 feet deep. The pit contained a large quantity of disturbed, disarticulated and fragmented human remains representing between 28 and 44 individuals, adult and children, male and female all being represented. Some animal bones (ox, pig and dog) were also in the pit, as were two sherds of pottery. Some potsehrds were also found on the edge of the pit, while further sherds and animal bones were contained within the mound, along with the skeletal remains of a further adult male. The pottery was considered at the time to be Early Bronze Age, although the sherds are undiagnostic and effectively undated. The collective nature of the burials has prompted comparisons with Neolithic burial practices, although again the remains are effectively undated. (2, 6, 8-10)

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( 1) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society O’Neil, H and L Grinsell. Gloucestershire Barrows 79 (1), 1960 Page(s)98
( 2) Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society Clifford, EM. The SOldier’s Grave, Frocester, Gloucestershire 4, 1938 Page(s)214-8
( 3) edited by I LL Foster and Glyn Daniel 1965 Prehistoric and early Wales Page(s)83
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 MJF 06-JUN-72
( 5) edited by Alan Saville 1984 Archaeology in Gloucestershire from the earliest hunters to the industrial age : essays dedicated to Helen O’Neil and the late Elsie Clifford Page(s)103, 134-6
( 6) by Ian Kinnes 1979 Round barrows and ring-ditches in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers no.7 Page(s)21
( 7) Scheduled Monument Notification 13-OCT-1999
(8) by Timothy Darvill 1987 Prehistoric Gloucestershire Page(s)74
(9) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Oakley, KP. Cowry Shell and Flint Cores from Ashen Plains, Dursely, Gloucestershire [p95] 64, 1943 Page(s)89-95
(10) Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Clifford, EM. The Excavation of Nympsfield Long Barrow, Gloucestershire. Page(s)188-213

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

An Early Neolithic cairn and mortuary structure overlain by an Early Bronze Age round barrow. Excavated in 1979-81, a shallow plough-damaged earthwork circa 6 metres in diameter proved to represent a multiphase Neolithic funerary/mortuary monument. An east-facing timber facade fronted a narrow mortuary structure set between low banks of clay and stone. Behind the mortuary structure was a sub-rectangular enclosure defined by a stone kerb and containing two paved areas. The latter is interpreted as a mortuary enclosure, used for the initial laying out of the dead prior to deposition within the mortuary structure itself. The latter contained the fragmentary burnt remains of several individuals. The facade comprised near-contiguous timber posts. The largest at the centre, directly in front of the mortuary structure (another post setting occurred at its rear). Most of the Neolithic pottery recovered came from the upper fills of this facade trench. In front of the facade were traces of two rows of post holes, possibly representing an avenue approach or other structure. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the monument was constructed in the early to mid 4th millennium BC. Subsequently, the whole monument was converted into a single low trapezoidal cairn by the extension of the mortuary enclosure kerb as far as the facade, and the addition of cairn material over the whole monument behind the facade. The timber elements were burnt, and subsequently unburnt timbers were removed. In the Early Bronze Age, funerary or related practices immediately preceded the construction of a kerbed round barrow over the eastern half of the long cairn. Despite plough-damage, four collared urns and an accessory vessel represented secondary cremations inserted into the mound. Two of the collared urns were associated with Grooved Ware sherds. A deposit of circa 20 jet buttons was inserted into the tail end of the long cairn. The flint assemblage included some possibly Mesolithic items.

NZ 7635 1960 Street House. Excavation of this site from 1979-81 uncovered the following:
1. A Neolithic mortuary enclosure with a D-shaped facade with, to the West, a kerbed enclosure containing a paved area. This enclosure was probably used for exposing the bodies before placement in the mortuary enclosure. A C14 date of 2700bc was obtained from the timbers used.
2. After this monument had been used for possibly c.30-50 years it was fired and a cairn was built over the kerbed enclosure and mortuary enclosure.
3. Around 1400 years later a round barrow was thrown up over the cairn covering charcoal which gave a C14 date of 3360bp. This charcoal may represent the remains of a funeral pyre. Cup marked stones were used in the kerb of the round cairn and various flint implements were also recovered. Full excavation report. (1)
Discussion of possible cultural continuity. Also the C14 dates are revised, adding c.300 years to both features. (2)
Additional references. (3)(4)(5)(6)

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(1) Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society Vyner, B. The Excavation of a Neolithic Cairn at Street House, Loftus, Cleveland. 50, 1984 Page(s)151-195
(2) Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society Vyner, B. The Street House Wossit: The Excavation of a Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Palisaded Ritual Monument at Street House, Loftus, Cleveland. 54, 1988 Page(s)173-202
(3) The Yorkshire archaeological journal (D Barcham) 54, 1982 Page(s)1-5
(4) edited by B E Vyner 1983 Recent excavations in Cleveland 1983 Page(s)1-17
(5) Current archaeology 94, 1984 Page(s)342-3
(6) Ian Kinnes 1992 Non-megalithic long barrows and allied structures in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers Kinnes, I, 1992, Non-Megalithic Long Barrows and Allied Structures in the British Neolithic, British Museum Occ Paper 52, 44 no.52 Page(s)44

Details of site on Pastscape

Post-Mediaeval cairn on the site of a Bronze Age round barrow.

NZ 09770606 Stone Man on site of (NAT) Tumulus (NR). (1)
“The stone pillar, called Stone Man ... was a stone tumulus, which, being destroyed ... was found to cover a skeleton; the resident proprietor of Gayles Hall ... had the bones replaced and the present irregular structure raised over them”. (2)
Prominently situated on the crest of a steep north west facing slope are the remains of a modern, stone cairn, 3. 0 m by 2.3 m at the base and 1.3 m high which is probably the “irregular structure”, referred to by Maclauchlan. There is no
“stone pillar” as such, nor are there any remains of an original burial mound. Surveyed at 1:10 000. (3)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” Prov Edn 1957
( 2) General reference Arch J 6 1849 342 (H Maclauchlan)
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 AGM 05-AUG-77

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

A round barrow of Neolithic origin, excavated by William Greenwell and TW Robinson in 1877. At the time, the barrow measured 66 feet in diameter and stood 7.75 feet high. The scheduled monument details (1998) describe it as 3 metres high and 25 metres in diameter, although in 1976 the Ordnance Survey found it to be 23 metres in diameter an 1.6 metres high on the uphill side. The excavations uncovered several disarticulated inhumations burnt in situ within a matrix of burnt limestone and charcoal, the area defined by a rectangular setting of boulders with signs of burning on its inner face. This setting, located circa 1.5 metres south of the centre, measured circa 10 metres by 1.8 metres, and was aligned east-west. Terminal pits with charcoal-rich fills were present to the east. The mound itself was composed of boulders and slabs and capped with earth and stones. There were apparently traces of a boulder kerb, although the Ordnance Survey could find no traces of this in 1974. Within the mound were a series of Early Bronze Age secondary interments including traces of a child inhumation in a stone-lined cist with capstone and paving slab; an inhumation with a food vessel at its head; a cremation beneath an inverted food vessel, within a stone setting; and other traces of cremations and inhumations. Near the summit of the mound was an extended inhumation within a stone cist, believed to be of Anglo-Saxon date. The barrow is known as Seven Sisters, after the trees which stand on it.

(NZ 3534 4922) Tumulus (NR) (1)
Copt Hill round barrow measuring 66ft diameter and 7.75ft high excavated by Greenwell and Robinson in 1877. About 5ft S of the centre were the burnt and disjointed remains of an unknown number of Neolithic inhumations covered by a deposit of limestone and wood. Eight BA burials were also discovered. Four were cremations; including one deposited in a collared urn, and the remainder were inhumations. These included a child burial within a stone cist and another burial accompanied by a food vessel. Near the summit of the mound, about 10ft SSW of the centre was an extended burial within a stone cist, thought to be Anglo-Saxon. Finds in the British Museum. (2)
Supposed Anglo-Saxon inhumation listed by Meaney. (3)
A round cairn about 23.0m diameter (though slightly encroached on by ploughing in the E) and 1.6m high from the uphill E side. It is now visible as a turf-covered stony mound with four trees on it. There is no kerb. The centre contains a roughly rectangular depression about 0.5m deep, 2.5m E-W by 2.0m, but there is no trace of any cist. (See G/P from the SE). Surveyed at 1:1250. (4)
NZ 3534 4922, Copt Hill, Houghton-le-Spring. A detailed description is given of the initial deposition and later burials found in this barrow. A large number of additional bibliographic references is given. (5)
A grass and tree covered cairn, false crest sited on the scarp slope of the East Durham Plateau. Excavated 20th Sept 1877 by Greenwell and Robinson. Revealed a primary interment in what Greenwell interpreted as a ‘flue cremation’, but which is probably a mortuary structure of Neolithic date. Bronze Age burials were also discovered. Grave goods now in British Museum. Site known locally as the ‘Seven Sisters’ because of the seven trees which grow on it. Group A.
Additional bibliographic references are given. (6)
NZ 353 492. Copt Hill. Additional references. (7) (8) (9)
Copt Hill Barrow, Houghton-le-Spring. Food vessel found with a secondary inhumation in Copt Hill Barrow.16 ft. ENE of the centre and 3 ft. 4 in. above the old ground level. No further details. Now lost. (10)
NZ 353 492. Seven Sisters round barrow, Copt Hill. Scheduled No TW/12. (11)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1923
( 2) Archaeologia Aeliana : or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity Trechman, CT. Prehistoric burials in the County of Durham. 11, 1914 Page(s)123-130
( 3) by Audrey Meaney 1964 A gazetteer of early Anglo-Saxon burial sites Page(s)83
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 ISS 29-NOV-76
( 5) by Roger Miket 1984 The prehistory of Tyne and Wear : an inventory of prehistoric discoveries in the Metropolitan County of Tyne and Wear Page(s)53
( 6) by Robert Young 1980 An inventory of barrows in County Durham Transactions of the Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and NorthumberlandOld series vol 1 (1862) – vol 11 (1965) 5, 1980 Page(s)9
( 7) by Ian Kinnes 1979 Round barrows and ring-ditches in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers no.7 Page(s)10,58,80
( 8) edited by Philip Rahtz, Tania Dickinson and Lorna Watts 1980 Anglo-Saxon cemeteries 1979 : the fourth Anglo-Saxon symposium at Oxford BAR British series1 (1974) – 82 (1980) Page(s)300
( 9) by Trevor G Cowie 1978 Bronze Age Food Vessel urns in northern Britain BAR British series1 (1974) – 55, 1978 Page(s)34-5, 64, 82-3
( 10) by Alex M Gibson 1978 Bronze Age pottery in the northeast of England AR British series1 (1974) – 56 Page(s)68
( 11) English Heritage 1995 County list of Scheduled Monuments : March 1994 Tyne and Wear Page(s)8
( 12) Scheduled Monument Notification 02-DEC-1998
( 13) by I A Kinnes and I H Longworth 1985 Catalogue of the excavated prehistoric and Romano-British material in the Greenwell Collection Page(s)132

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

A Bronze Age bowl barrow on Gallows Hill, Arreton Down. The barrow was originally part of a barrow group of three barrows, but is now the only one surviving as an earthwork (For details of the other two barrows see HOB UID 461309 – NMR SZ 58 NW 24 and HOB UID 1458695 NMR SZ 58 NW 105). It measures 24 metres east-west by 19 metres north-south and has a maximum high of 3 metres. Excavations in 1990 located the barrow ditch which was 0.5 metres deep. The mound is truncated on the northeast side by the road. A Highway Commission barrier was constructed in 1815 abutting the barrow. This served as a road block and is visible as a mound about 4 metres wide and 0.5 metres high, at the base of the barrow on the southwest side. The barrow was excavated in 1815 by Thomas Cooke and found to contain seven extended inhumation. All were orientated with the heads to the west. Grave goods associated with the inhumations included knives, buckles, a comb, and a spearhead were also found. The grave goods suggest an Early or Middle Saxon date for the burials. The stone socket of the gibbet, erected in 1730, for Michael Morey, who killed his grandson was found at the centre of the mound. The barrow was re-excavated in 1956 and human remains, probably of these excavated in 1815 were found.

(This record was originally recorded as Barrow A in HOB UID 461309 NMR – SZ 58 NW 24) SZ 53568744 – Tumuli (O.E.) (1)
A barrow surviving as an earthwork 20 paces in diameter and 6.5 feet high. (2)
The barrow was excavated in 1815 by Thomas Cooke. In the barrow seven extended skeletons were found including those of a child of about 9 years old and another of about 2 years old. All were orientated with the heads roughly to the west. Near each skeleton, generally under the back, was an iron knife blade. Two circular brass buckles, a bone comb, and a spearhead were also found. The human remains were reburied near the centre. The stone socket of the gibbett, erected 1730, for Michael Morey, who killed his grandson was found at the centre. (3)
The 1815 excavations are the earliest known discovery of Anglo-Saxon or Jutish antiquities in the Isle of Wight. (4)
Full excavation report. (5)
A bowl barrow, 22 metres in diameter by 2 metres in height, mutilated on the north by a road. Published 1/2500 revised. (6)
History of excavations. Description of Cemetery. Catalogue of graves and grave-goods. (7)
The barrow survives as an earthwork measuring 24 metres east-west by 19 metres north-south and has a maximum high of 3 metres. Excavations in 1990 located the barrow ditch which was 0.5 metres deep. The mound is truncated on the northeast side by the road. A Highway Commission barrier was constructed in 1815 abutting the barrow. This served as a road block and is visible as a mound about 4 metres wide and 0.5 metres high, at the base of the barrow on the southwest side. (8)
The grave goods suggest an Early or Middle Saxon date for the burials. The barrow was re-excavated in 1956 and human remains, probably of these excavated in 1815 were found. (9)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1908
( 2) Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society 3 (3) 1940 Page(s)188, 207
( 3) Journal of the British Archaeological Association 5, 1850 Page(s)365-7
( 4) edited by H. Arthur Doubleday, F.R.G.S. 1900 A history of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, volume one The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)387
( 5) Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society 5, 1957 Page(s)188, 189, 251
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 FGA 19-SEP-1967
( 7) by C J Arnold 1982 The Anglo-Saxon cemeteries of the Isle of Wight Page(s)75-77
( 8) Scheduled Monument Notification 28-FEB-1995
( 9) Gazetteer of Early Medieval Sites (unpublished thesis, 2006 by Dr A.K Cherryson)) Page(s)92

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

One of two barrows known as Gospel Hillocks (the other is recorded as SK 07 SE 4). The larger of the two, it was dug into in 1865 by Lukis. Two inhumations were found placed on a large stone slab. A polished flint axe was beside the head of one. Near both skeletons were several V-perforated jet buttons. A third skeleton lay close to the edge of the stone. Towards the north side of the mound was a dry-walled cist with paved floor containing two further inhumations plus a Beaker. Further Beaker sherds were present in the mound. The polished axe has been suggested as evidence that one of the inhumations may be of Neolithic date, although the nature of the original account and the manner of excavation leave some room for doubt about the association, while the presence of the axe need be no barrier to an Early Bronze Age date, particularly given the proximity of the jet beads and other inhumations. Little of the mound survives above ground. Recently, Barnatt recorded the barrow as a mutilated mound measuring circa 32 metres by 18.5 metres, orientated east-west, and argued that this present shape and its low-lying siting suggest that the monument may have been a long barrow. He also argued that because Lukis appears to describe a smaller mound than the one currently extant, there is no firm evidence that this waas indeed the mound that he dug into. Accordingly, he raises the possibility that another, lost, round barrow existed in the immediate vicinity and suggests that this postulated barrow was the one explored by Lukis. However, other sources seem quite clear that the mound at SK 08637148 was indeed the one dug by Lukis. For example, Ward, writing in 1899 and referring to Salt’s excavation of adjacent barrow SK 07 SE 4, states that “it turned out...upon inquiry that Captain Luckis’s [sic] barrow was the larger one to the south-west”. Ward had originally thought that the Salts were in fact excavating the same barrow that Lukis had dug into because, like him, they found a large stone slab resting on the former ground surface, and the enquiries were necessary to confirm that Salt’s barrow was not Lukis’ barrow. Whereas Lukis had left the aforementioned stone slab in place, Salt had the one in his barrow raised, and found it to conceal a grave pit with inhumation (see SK 07 SE 4). (1-6)
NB this barrow was originally recorded as part of SK 07 SE 4. That record should be consulted for additional sources and information.
The round barrow is also visible as an earthwork on air photographs mapped as part of the Derbyshire and Peak District Aggregates Assessment Project. It is still extant on Google.Earth.com 06-SEP-2005 imagery (accessed on 22nd September 2009).
(7)

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(1) The Reliquary Lukis, FC. Archaeological notes made by Captain Francis Dubois Lukis, HM’s 64th regiment, during a visit to Buxton, Derbyshire in 1865. 8, 1868 Page(s)81-7
(2) Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London Ward, J. Gospel Hillock. 17, 1897-9 Page(s)310-12
(3) D L Clarke 1970 Beaker pottery of Great Britain and Ireland Gulbenkian archaeological series Page(s)478, 545, 552
(4) by Barry M Marsden 1977 The burial mounds of Derbyshire Page(s)65
(5) by Ian Kinnes 1979 Round barrows and ring-ditches in the British Neolithic British Museum occasional papers no.7 Page(s)22
(6) John Barnatt and John Collis 1996 Barrows in the Peak District : recent research Page(s)86, 135
(7) Vertical aerial photograph reference number Next Perspectives PGA Imagery Tile Ref:SK0871 Date:2005-09-06

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A much mutilated long barrow orientated north – south, with a maximum height of 2m. The standing stone is 1.5m high by 2m by 0.3m thick, and is presumably a portal stone.
(ST 88239899) The Tingle Stone (NAT) Long Barrow (GT). (1)
A long barrow, orientated N-S with the north end the higher, 130ft by 70ft and 6ft high. The standing stone which gives the site its name is 6ft high and is situated on top of the mound towards the north end (2).
Coins are said to have been found in the barrow (3). (2-3)
The westerly post of a gateway, just to the north, is of much weathered oolite measuring 4 1/2ft high by 2ft by 1ft, and could possibly have come from the barrow (4). (4)
A much mutilated long barrow orientated N-S, with a maximum height of 2.0m. The standing stone is 1.5m high by 2.0m by 0.3m thick, and is presumably a portal stone.
Published survey (25”) revised. (5)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1955
( 2) General reference P Cotteswolde NFC 5 1868-70 280 (G F Playne)
( 3a) General reference Bigland’s Glos
( 3) General reference Camden’s Britannia Gough’s Edn 1 1789 398
( 4) Annotated Record Map Corr 6” (M Crook 24.7.50)
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F1 DJC 18-JAN-73

Details of Stone on Pastscape

A standing stone, about 5 feet tall, 4 feet wide at the base and 2 feet thick. Traditionally considered a burial place, particularly locally, there is no evidence for any kind of barrow.

ST7769 8280 Stone (NR). (1)
The Greekstone or Grickstone – a slab of colite of megalithic appearance, set on edge in a field, on the highest ground in the vicinity. There is no sign of a mound. The stone is about 5 feet long, 4 feet wide at the base and 2 feet thick, tapering towards top. Traditionally a burial place. (2-3)
As described above. Although possibly part of a burial chamber, only local legend provides any evidence for a barrow in the vicinity.
Published survey (OS 25” 1921) correct. (4)
No change since report of 2.7.62. (5)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1955
( 2) General reference U Bristol Spel S 3 No 1 1926 44 (M Crook)
( 3) General reference T Bristol & Glos AS 79 1960 52 82 (O’Neil & Grinsell)
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 NVQ 02-JUL-62
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F2 NVQ 09-DEC-76

A stone row of 50 standing stones, located on the west-facing slopes of Honeycombe Hill. There is no evidence for a barrow or cairn at either end. It was previously alleged to represent the remains of a dilapidated field wall.

More details of site on Pastscape

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow described as Boyton 1 by Goddard and excavated by Cunnington in 1801-04 locating eight primary inhumations at the eastern end and a secondary cremation. Field investigations in 1968 and 1975 found the barrow multilated with a maximum height, at the eastern end, of 2.4 metres. Its appearance, in profile, was of confluent bowl barrows, the result of the early excavations.

(ST 93084033) Corton Long Barrow (GT) (1)
Corton Long Barrow was 216 feet long, 25 feet wide and 9 feet high in 1804 but is reduced in length and spread in width by ploughing. It is orientated east west, and was excavated by Cunnington, in 1801 and 1804. Beneath a cairn at the east end was a primary deposit of 8 skeletons placed between two empty pits; a secondary inurned cremation was found at the west end. (2-3)
A mutilated long barrow with a maximum height, at its eastern end, of 2.4 metres. The appearance, in profile, is of confluent bowl barrows but this is apparently the result of the early excavations. Surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
No change; report of 6.11.68 correct. (5)
Originally recorded as Boyton 1 by Goddard (6).
Corton Long barrow, ST 28 (Kinnes) the inhumations were located at the eastern end covered by a cairn of flint and chalk rubble with a large stone at the apex. The composition of the mound is unknown. (7)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)138
( 3) Society of Antiquaries of London Archaeologia : or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity 15, 1806 Page(s)338
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 06-NOV-68
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F2 MJF 26-JUN-75
( 6) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine 38, 1913-14 Page(s)207, 386
( 7) General reference British Museum Occassional Paper 52, Non Megalithic Long barrows and allied structures in the British Neolithic. 1992, 10, 25 (I. Kinnes)

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

Long barrow, excavations by Thurman revealed it to have been previously disturbed. Human remains and Windmill Hill Pottery located
(ST 93895239) Long Barrow (GT). (1)
A long barrow at Tinhead, 210 feet long, 70 feet wide and 12 feet high, orientated ENE/WSW. It is on arable land and the
side ditches were just visible in 1936. Excavated by J Thurnam in 1864, who stated that it had been rifled before but he found traces of human remains at the east end with sherds of coarse black pottery nearby, probably Windmill Hill ware. The sherds are in the British Museum: Acc No 1873. 12-19, 194. Planted with trees. It is named ‘Long Barrow’ on the Tithe Map. (2-4)
The barrow is about 63 metres long and has a maximum height at either end of 3.0 metres. Both sides, which were originally
parallel, are extensively mutilated where large scoops of earth have been removed. Surveyed at 1:2500. (5)
Upon the summit of Tinhead Hill, a much mutilated, tree planted, long barrow as described above, its side ditches are no longer apparent.
No change to field report of 21.10.68. 1:2500 AM survey still correct; transfered to PFD. (6)
Originally recorded as Edington 7 by Goddard (7) with a description of the barrow given by Cunnington (8).
Tinhead Barrow (ST41) with Kinnes Type A ditches. The pottery recovered is of a plain bowl. (9)
The mound is now almost rectangular with rounded ends, havind been greatly affected by ploughing, but was likely to have originally been trapezoidal. It measures 62m long and 17m at its widest, though a slightly offset shallow mound, 1m high, at the E end suggests that it was once 15m longer and has been curtailed by ploughing, and reaching a length of 77m and width of 29m.
Of the flanking ditches the N has been ploughed out and only a trace survives. The S example though is 62m long, 14m wide and 0.6m deep. Both are separated from the mound by a berm 2m wide. Surveyed at 1:500 by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA Project. Further details can be found within the project archive. (10)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) General reference VCH Wilts 1 1957 140 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) General reference Arch 42 1869 180 194-5 (J Thurnam)
( 4) General reference Tithe Map Edington 1842
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 21-OCT-68
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F2 ASP 22-APR-77
( 7) General reference WAM 38, 1913-14, 250 (E.H Goddard)
( 8) General reference WAM 38, 1913-14 390 (M.E Cunnington)
( 9) General reference Brit. Museum Occ. Paper No. 52; Non Megalithic Long Barrows and Allied Structures in the British Neolithic. 1992, 26 (I. Kinnes)
(10) General reference D Field, G. Brown/26-1-95/RCHME:SPTA Project

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A Neolithic long barrow on Chapperton Down. The barrow was designated as Tilshead 1 by Grinsell and survives as an earthwork. A survey of the barrow carried out by RCHME field staff in January 1995 as part of the Salisbury Plain Training Area project found it comprising a slightly ovoid mound, orientated southeast, with a squared southeast end and surviving to a height of 2 metres high. It is 39 metres long and 18 metres wide, and only traces of the side ditches remain. That to the southwest has been almost ploughed down by a `celtic’ field system that encroaches on the mound, while that to the northeast has been incorporated in a linear boundary. Excavations by J Thurnam in 1865 located primary deposit of several primary imperfectly burnt skeletons. Two secondary inhumations were also found, these are thought to be either Roman or Saxon in date.

(SU 00014789) Kill Barrow (NAT) Long Barrow (NR). (1)
(SU 00004789) Tilshead 1, a long barrow, known as Kill Barrow (2), of Gyllebarowys downe 1461 (3). Orientated SE/NW and 170 ft long; the side ditches are obliterated. (2)
Excavated by J Thurnam in 1865 (4) who discovered a primary deposit, on the floor near the SE end, of several imperfectly burnt skeletons, intermixed with breccia of burnt flints, sarsen chips, shells (?) cemented by creamy chalk among the bones. ‘Platform cremation’ (?).
There were two intrusive extended skeletons (RB? or more likely pagan Saxon?). Portion of breccia in Salisbury Museum.(2). (2-4)
SU 00014789; The long barrow is 40 metres long northwest-southeast by 20 metres and up to 2.8 metres high. No trace of a ditch survives along the southwest side, and to the northwest a Bronze Age or later ranch boundary ditch obscures any earlier ditch. Resurveyed at 1:2500. (5)
Recorded as Tilshead 1 in an earlier source than Authority 1 (6)
SU 000479 Kill Barrow (Kinnes no. SU 69). A long barrow with a crematorium deposit at SE with burnt chalk rubble and calcined bone. Flanked by a pair of ditches (Kinnes type A) (7)
This slightly ovoid mound, orientated southeast has a squared southeast end and survives to 2 metres high. It is 39 metres long and 18 metres wide, and only traces of the side ditches now remain. That to the southwest has been almost ploughed down by a `celtic’ field system that encroaches on the mound, while that to the northeast has been incorporated in a linear boundary. Surveyed at 1:500 as part of the RCHME:SPTA project (see project archive for further details). (8)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 – The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)114,144
( 3) English Place-Name Society : the survey of English place-names [county volumes] 16 Wilts 1939 237 (Gover Mawer & Stenton)
( 4) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine ME Cunnington 38, 1914 Page(s)400-1
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F1 MHB 25-NOV-1974
( 6) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine E.H Goddard 38, 1913-4 Page(s)331
( 7) General reference British Museum Occasional Paper 52, 1992, 11, 28 (I. Kinnes)
( 8) Field Investigators Comments D Field/26-JAN-1995/RCHME:SPTA Project
( 9) by Audrey Meaney 1964 A gazetteer of early Anglo-Saxon burial sites Page(s)269

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow, (Grinsell’s Heytesbury 4), a number of inhumations located at the southern end. Human remains noted within a badger hole on the mound

(ST 92494417) Long Barrow (GT) (1)
A long barrow oriented N-S, 160 ft long, 90 ft wide and 6 ft high (2) with side ditches visible on AP’s (5). Excavated by Cunnington and Wyndham in 1800 and later, when ‘a great many skeletons” were found at the south end. (2-5)
A long barrow at ST92494418, 1.4m high with a broad flat top. The ditches cannot be seen on the ground. Surveyed at 1:2500 (6)
No change; report of 6.11.68. correct. (7)
Fragmentary human bones found in a badger hole, date unknown. Salisbury Museum Acc. No. 1984.12 (8)
Barrow originally recorded as Heytesbury 4 by Goddard (9) Additional description by Cunnington. (10)
Heytesbury 4 (ST30 Kinnes) Mortuary area at southern end with a pit filled with black earth, flint and chalk rubble situated to the north of the inhumations. Covered by black earth, flint, chalk and sarsen. The mound comprises a black earth core capped by chalk rubble. (11)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6”, 1961
( 2) General reference VCH Wilts, 1, 1957, 141 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) General reference Anc Hist of S Wilts, 1812, 71H (R C Hoare)
( 4) General reference WAM, 39, 1915-7, 399
( 5) General reference Crawford Collection AP: No 3071, 15.5.33
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 06-NOV-68
( 7) Field Investigators Comments F2 MJF 27-JUN-75
( 8) General reference WAM 80, 1986, 244
( 9) General reference WAM 38, 1913-14 263 (E.H Goddard)
(10) General reference WAM 38, 1913-14, 392-393 (M.E Cunnington)
(11) General reference British Museum Occ. Paper 52:Non Megalithic Longbarrows and Allied Structures in British Neolithic. 1992, 10, 25 (I. Kinnes)

Castle Barrow

Details of Bowl Barrow on Pastscape

Bowl barrow containing a primary cremation

(ST 961 448) Castle Barrow (GT) (1)
Castle Barrow, a bowl barrow, excavated by the Rev. F G Waller some time prior to 1937, when it appears to have been a mound, 33 feet in diameter and less than 3 feet high, surrounded by a ditch 2 1/2 feet deep. The Walker MSS in Devizes Museum indicate that he found a primary cremation burial of a child in a badly crushed BA cinerary Urn. Some of the sherds are in the Museum. (2-3)
Castle Barrow, at ST 96124480, is a bowl barrow 0.7 metres high. There is a trace of a ditch only.
Surveyed at 1:2500 (4) No change; report of 13.3.69. correct. (5)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) General reference VCH Wilts 1 1957 193 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) General reference WAM 48 1937-9 189
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 13-MAR-69
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F2 MJF 19-JUN-75

Details of destroyed Long Barrow (“Knook 5”) on Pastscape

Long barrow on Knook Down (Grinsell’s Knook 5), contained 4 inhumations. Had well defined ditches, destroyed 1939-45
(ST 96754625) Long Barrow (GT) (site of) (1)
A small long barrow, excavated by W Cunnington in 1801. One single and a group of three inhumation burials were found, described by Grinsell as a primary deposit, and a ‘circular cist’ nearly 3 feet deep but without finds. Grinsell describes it as 78 feet long with well defined ditches but destroyed 1939-45. (2-3)
The long barrow is in a military firing range and no trace of it can now be seen. (4)
Recorded in an earlier source than authority 2 as Knook 5. (5)
ST 967462 Knook 5 (Kinnes ST 36) Mortuary area located near to centre with pit, four crouched inhumations with heads to northeast. Had a covering of black earth. Mound comprised chalk rubble. (6)
The barrow is situated on the Downs about 2km to the S of Imber and was investigated by RCHME field staff as part of the SPTA project. It lies on the crest of a spur and is not visible from the valley to the N, and while there are good views N to Wadmans Coppice and E to Chapperton Down and beyond, it is overlooked by the higher ground of Knook Down in the S. The monument is aligned E-W and is now extremely difficult to interpret as a result of severe shelling and tank activity at some time in the past.
The mound, only parts of which survive, appears to have measured about 25m in length, 12m wide and 1m high. Of the flanking ditches, that to the S is about 7m wide x 0.4m deep. Cunnington however, refers to it as being 75 ft in length, and 54ft wide. The barrow lies within a ?prehistoric field system and a field bank abuts the E end of the barrow, while a linear ditch aligned on the W end of the mound runs N-S. Further details can be found within the project archive. (7)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) General reference Anc Wilts, 1, 1812, 86 (R C Hoare)
( 3) General reference V C H Wilts 1, 1957, 141 (L V Grinsell)
( 4) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 04-OCT-68
( 5) General reference WAM 38, 1913-14, 274, 392 (Rev E.H Goddard)
( 6) General reference British Museum Occasional Paper 52, 1992, 10, 25 (I. Kinnes)
( 7) General reference D. Field/11-12-95/RCHME:SPTA Project

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A Neolithic long barrow originally designated as Knook 2 by Grinsell (1957). The barrow survives as an earthwork orientated north-north-east to south-south-west, measuring 33.5 metres long and 19.5 metres wide, with side ditches 6 metres wide. Excavation carried out by W Cunnington in 1801-3 located a primary deposit of seven or eight cremated bodies on a flint pavement covered by a cairn of sarsens and flints. Four headless inhumations orientated north-south were also recorded. No dating evidence was found with these burials but it has been suggested these may be Saxon in date. The barrow was re-opened by J. Thurnam in 1866 without result.

(ST 95614461) Knook Barrow (T1) Long Barrow (GT) (1)
Knook Barrow is a long barrow, 100 feet long and 50 feet wide and about 6 feet high according to Grinsell and oriented north-north-east/south-south-west. It was excavated by W Cunnington in 1801-2 when its dimensions were 90 feet by 50 and 8 feet high. He found a primary deposit of 7 or 8 cremated bodies on a flint pavement covered by a cairn of sarsens and flints. Four headless inhumations may be Saxon secondary burials. The barrow was re-opened by Thurnam without result. M E Cunnington comments that the ditches were invisible. (2-4)
Knook Barrow is a ditched long barrow orientated northeast-southwest.
It is in good condition and has a maximum height of 2.6metres. The ditches, which stop short of the ends of the mound, are broad and shallow with a maximum depth of 0.5 metres.
Published survey, (1:2500) revised. (5)
No change; report of 13-MAR-1969 correct. (6)
Originally recorded as Knook 2 by Goddard. (7)
Knook Barrow, No. ST31, Crematorium deposit at east end, mound comprised of chalk rubble. (8)
A long barrow measuring 33.5 metres northeast-southwest and 19.5 metres wide. The side ditches are 6 metres wide. (9)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6”, 1961
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)141
( 3) General reference History of Ancient South Wilts. 1, 1812, 83 (R Colt Hoare).
( 4) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine M E Cunnington 38, 1913-4 Page(s)412-4
( 5) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 13-MAR-69
( 6) Field Investigators Comments F2 MJF 25-JUN-75
( 7) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine E.H Goddard 38, 1913-4 Page(s)274
( 8) General reference British Museum Occasional Paper 52. Non-Megalithic Long Barrows and Allied Structures in British Neolithic 1992, 11, 25 (I. Kinnes)
(9) by Audrey Meaney 1964 A gazetteer of early Anglo-Saxon burial sites Page(s)269-70

Details of site on Pastscape

Mound of uncertain date and function recorded near Coate Reservoir. Finds including flint flakes and cores, prehistoric pottery and animal bone were also recorded nearby.

“15/9/1903 we (Passmore and Chandler?) opened the mound above the creek, Coate Reservoir, just above where the little S.E. stream runs into it, above the quarry, and found nothing. The ground here is full of flint flakes, cores, pottery of a very early period and bones” (1).
Passmore’s note appears to be that referred to by Crawford who depicts an area 150m. N-S and 50m. E-W on his 6”, centred at SU 1776 8217. An undated annotation “worked flints” accompanies his banding of the area (2). (1,2)
There is no mound in this area which is now grassland and part of a Public Park. Passmore’s collection of flints has not yet been adequately identified and catalogued by the Ashmolean Museum, if these are among them. Circumstantial evidence suggests a working floor. (3)

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( 1) Externally held archive reference Passmore Mss. 63, Devizes Museum.
( 2) Annotated Record Map Pte. 6” (O.G.S. Crawford), Devizes Museum.
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 22-AUG-68

Details of site on Pastscape

A stone circle located immediately north east of Day House, Coate. Visible remains of the stone circle are represented by five recumbent sarsens arranged in an approximate semi-circle in the field to the east of Day House Lane. The the west of Day House Lane a further four stones have been previously recorded. These suggest that the overall diameter on the stone circle is approximately 92 metres. Scheduled.

(SU 18168240) Stone Circle (LB)
(SU 18168197) Stones (TI) (1)
An irregular circle of 9 recumbent stones was found by A.D. Passmore in front of Day House Farm, Coate. The stones were almost completely buried but when excavated were found to be between 5ft. and 9ft. long.
Alongside Day House Lane, to the N. of the circle, are five stones which may have formed part of an avenue.
To the SW of the farmhouse are three sarsens which may have been part of a stone circle. (2)
Of the nine stones in the circle described by Passmore only five can still be seen. Surveyed at 1:2,500. None of the line of stones to the north of the circle can be seen. The three sarsens S.W. of the farmhouse have been destroyed by explosives, though some of the pieces remain. A further line of stones extended from SU 16098382 to SU 16178395(a). These were mentioned by Passmore but have since been removed. Local tradition says that the stones marked the site of a trackway. (3)
Additional reference. (4)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) 6” Provisional 1960
( 2) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine 27, 1893-4 Page(s)171-4
( 3a) Annotated Record Map 25”
( 3b) Oral information, correspondence (not archived) or staff comments
( 3) Field Investigators Comments 29/08/1968
( 4) Aubrey Burl 1976 The stone circles of the British Isles Page(s)348
( 5) Scheduled Monument Notification 08/12/1997

Details of the Long stone on Pastscape

Possible prehistoric standing stone at Broome. It was described by Aubrey as being about 10ft high and part of an alignment. All were broken up during the late 19th or early 20th century.

(SU 16748251) Long Stone (TI) Standing Stone (LB) (site of) (TI). (1)
There formerly stood at Broome a standing stone called the Long Stone. According to Aubrey it was c.10ft high and from it there extended a line of smaller stones. (2)
Local tradition confirms the site of the large standing stone and implies that there were more as the field is known as ‘Long Stones’. In 1903 Passmore recorded that “old Daniel Skinner” of Devizes Road remembered breaking up the standing stones in Longstones Field. Some, which were sarsen, were taken to Woodstock. This last remark of Passmore’s suggests a pre-historic origin for the site since surface sarsen is not common locally though isolated boulders occur in the clay. In the 19th c. Swindon procured sarsen kerbstones from the Fifield and Overton Down areas of Salisbury Plain. (3)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1922.
( 2) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)111
( 3a) Oral information, correspondence (not archived) or staff comments
( 3b) Externally held archive reference – Passmore Mss. p.62, Devizes Museum.
( 3) Field Investigators Comments F1 ANK 27-AUG-68

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow, with a linear earthwork extension, near the Broome Heath Neolithic enclosure. Neolithic material has been recovered from the vicinity, though skeletons excavated during the 19th century seem likely to be Saxon.

[TM 34409130; TM 34489130] Tumuli [LB] (1)
When a number of tumuli on Broome Heath were destroyed in 1858 one was excavated. At a depth of 3ft from the surface fragments of charcoal were seen in the soil, and about 6 ft from the top were the remains of a large skeleton, lying on a bed of gravel with head to the SW perhaps the remains of a pagan Saxon. No grave goods were found. A quantity of charcoal was found in one or two of the adjacent tumuli. (2)
Three rude Anglian urns said to have been found on Broome Heath were exhibited at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries,
London, in 1856. They have since disappeared, as has a cinerary urn (perhaps one of the foregoing) and a portion of another with a barbed flint arrowhead shown to the Suffolk Institute of Archaelogy in 1861. The mound on Broome Heath is 160 ft. long, 83 ft. wide and 6ft high. Recognition of the mound as a long barrow is due to Mr. R.R.Clarke. (3-4)
Long barrow and round barrow on Broome Heath, scheduled. (5)
The sand pits on Broome Heath have now been extended and these features have been destroyed. (6)
Only the two published features remain,the round barrow at ‘F’ – TM 3441 9131 and the long barrow at ‘D’ – TM 3448 9132.
Resurveyed at 1/2500. Quarrying to the north and south-east has accounted for the remainder of the sites noted on the 6”. (7)
The long barrow and other earthworks in the area of the Broome Heath neolithic enclosure (TM 39 SW 7) were surveyed by RCHME as part of the project to record Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic. The round barrows, formerly part of this record, are now recorded separately as TM 39 SW 37.
The long barrow is 46.0m long, aligned approximately NE-SW, and is roughly oval in plan. Its width varies between 20.0m and 24.0m, diminishing in width from SW to NE, though it maintains a fairly constant height of 1.8m. Slight traces of a ditch survive on either side. A low bank extends to the SW on a very slightly different alignment, and appears to overlie the base of the barrow. This feature is 42.0m long, and maintains a width of 7.5m and a height of 0.6m. The association with the nearby enclosure may be significant, as although the broad span of the open side of the enclosure does not appear to relate directly to the barrow, the barrow does seem to be aligned precisely on the centre of the enclosed area, with the broader end facing towards it. The date and function of the bank overlying the long barrow is unclear. It does not seem comparable to known bank barrows. However, references are known to instances of rows of Anglo-Saxon inhumations buried in banks, and this may be a possibility given the Anglo-Saxon finds from the site. See archive report for a full discussion of these earthworks and finds. (8)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1957
( 2) Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society Norfolk archaeology : a journal of archaeology and local history Rev. G.J. Chester 5, 1859 Page(s)361-2
( 3) Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society Norfolk archaeology : a journal of archaeology and local history R.R. Clarke 27, 1941 Page(s)245
( 4) Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society Norfolk archaeology : a journal of archaeology and local history A.H.A. Hogg 27, 1941 Page(s)316
( 5) General reference Ancient Monuments in England & Wales, 1965, p75 (Min. Public Buildings & Works)
( 6) Large Scale / Small Scale Map Revisers Comment SS 6” ( M.H. Beck, Reviser, Feb. 1967)
( 7) Field Investigators Comments F1 BHS 22-MAR-67
( 8) General reference RCHME: Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic: Broome Heath
( 9) by Audrey Meaney 1964 A gazetteer of early Anglo-Saxon burial sites Page(s)170

Details of Barrow cemetery on Pastscape

A group of seven bowl barrows arranged as a linear group of five barrows orientated north-south with two outliers to the east. The barrows form the Seven Barrows bowl barrow cemetery.

Group centred SU 2186 4870 Seven Barrows (Tumuli)
[O.E.] [A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H and J]. (1)
A group of nine barrows is marked on the O.S. 6”; known as Seven Barrows. A further bowl barrow [K] of small dimensions was found by the author [K – SU 2189 4864]. (2)
Investigations subsequent to Grinsell’s have showed at least three have almost been completely destroyed by military action, mainly tank practice tracks. five others have been badly damaged by military trenches. (3-5)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1925
( 2) General reference – Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club 14 1938-40 pp28, 29, 347
( 3) Field Investigators Comments – F1 WW 07-JAN-56
( 4) Field Investigators Comments – F2 FGA 25-JAN-67
( 5) Field Investigators Comments – F3 JGB 23-SEP-82
( 6) General reference – English Heritage Schedule Entry 03/01/1997

Details of Barrow cemetery on Pastscape

A barrow cemetery comprising twelve barrows, nine of which are enclosed by The Coniger (SU 04 SE 83) a Medieval enclosure. The cemetery includes examples of bowl, disc, saucer and pond barrows which were excavated by Colt Hoare in 1809. The excavations located cremations in all but two of the barrows. The cremations were often placed within an inverted urn, two of which appeared to be wrapped in cloth, and were accompanied by grave goods which included a dagger and personal ornaments. Some of the finds are in Devizes Museum. One of the barrows, (SU 04 SE 78) also contained a Saxon inhumation with a knife. The barrows were surveyed by RCHME field staff in 1992 and were mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project , and subsequently revised for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping project..

SMR(SU 077420) Tumuli (NR). (1)
Barrows resurveyed at 1:2500 (2)
A group of 12 barrows, nine of which are enclosed by The Coniger (SU 04 SE 83) a Medieval enclosure. The cemetery includes examples of bowl, disc, saucer and pond barrows (3-4). Excavations by Colt Hoare in 1809 located cremations in all but two of the barrows. The cremations were often placed within an inverted urn, two of which appeared to be wrapped in cloth. Grave goods included a dagger, personal ornaments including amber and faience beads, shale rings and `incense cups’ with twisted cord decoration (5). Some of the finds are in Devizes Museum (6). One of the barrows, (SU 04 SE 78) also contained an Early Medieval inhumation with a knife.
The barrows and rabbit warren were surveyed by RCHME field staff as part of a project focusing on the earthworks of South Wiltshire. Full details are contained in the archive report. (7)
Scheduled. (8)
The earthwork remains of the Bronze Age barrow cemetery contained within a polygonal Medieval embanked enclosure which were decscribed by the previous authorities were seen centred at SU 0770 4200 and mapped from aerial photographs. The majority of the barrows appear to be in reasonably good condition, some showing evidence of earlier excavations. The two barrows recorded by the SMR as 650 and 652 both lie outside the medieval enclosure. The barrows were recorded as follows:

-NMR SU04SE 71 (SMR 644) at SU 0765 4204, a bowl barrow with diameter of 22m.
-NMR SU04SE 72 (SMR 645) at SU 0765 4200, a bowl barrow with diameter of 24m.
-NMR SU04SE 73 (SMR 646) at SU 0766 4199, 2 confluent bowl barrows.
-NMR SU04SE 74 (SMR 647) at SU 0766 4197, a bowl barrow.
-NMR SU04SE 75 (SMR 648) at SU 0771 4201, a bowl barrow.
-NMR SU04SE 76 (SMR 649) at SU 0771 4197, a bowl barrow with diameter of 26m.
-NMR SU04SE 77 (SMR 650) at SU 0778 4195, a bowl barrow with diameter of 26m.
-NMR SU04SE 78 (SMR 651) at SU 0765 4208, a disc barrow, diameter c. 35m.
-NMR SU04SE 79 (SMR 652) at SU 0775 4197, a disc barrow, diameter c. 30m.
-NMR SU04SE 81 (SMR 654) at SU 0768 4199, a disc barrow, diameter c. 40m.
-NMR SU04SE 82 (SMR 655) at SU 0767 4195, a pond barrow, diameter 14m.
-(SMR 823) at SU 0769 4197, a mound with a diameter of 10m.
These features were mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project , and subsequently revised for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project. (9-11)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 25” 1901
( 2) Field Investigators Comments F1 PAS 12-Dec-1974
( 3) The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine (E H Goddard) 38, 1913-14 Page(s)368-69
( 4) edited by R B Pugh and Elizabeth Crittall 1957 A history of Wiltshire: volume 1, part 1 The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)203, 206, 221, 224
( 5) by Sir Richard Colt Hoare; introduction by Jack Simmons and D D A Simpson 1975 The ancient history of Wiltshire Page(s)113-15
( 6) General reference – Neolithic and Bronze Age Antiquities Devizes Museum 1964 pp 59, 61, 65
( 7) Field Investigators Comments RCHME Field Investigation 20-MAR-1992 (CR Lewis)
( 8) General reference – English Heritage Schedule Entry 13/11/1996
( 9) General reference – RAF CPE/UK/1821 2284-5 04-NOV-1946
(10) General reference – RAF 106G/UK/915 321 11-NOV-1945
(11) General reference – NMR SU 0742/14-15 25-JUL-1980

Details of Barrow cemetery on Pastscape

Eleven Bronze Age bowl barrows of the Winterbourne Stoke East barrow cemetery surrounded by an oval Medieval or later earthwork enclosure. This barrow group is situated on the western end of Fore Down. All the barrows were partly excavated in the 19th century. All barrows survive as earthworks. These features were mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project , and subsequently revised for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project.

SU 0818 4239 (SMR No.656) with a diameter of c.27m (Centred SU 082423) Tumuli (NR) (1)
The “Winterbourne Stoke (East)” group of bowl barrows all within a Md or later banked enclosure, area 7 acres. All listed by Grinsell and all the barrows were dug by Hoare. (2-3)
All eleven barrows visible within enclosure. (4)
A group of eleven bowl barrows (Nos 55a – 60c) enclosed by a later bank and ditch situated on the SW end of Fore Down.
Re-surveyed at 1:2500. (5)
The earthwork remains of eleven Bronze Age bowl barrows of the Winterbourne Stoke East barrow cemetery described by the previous authorities were seen centred at SU 0825 4233. The group is surrounded by an oval Medieval or later earthwork enclosure 155m x 225m.
These features were mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project , and subsequently revised for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project.
The barrows were individually recorded as follows:
-SU 0818 4239, NMR No.115 (SMR No.656) with a diameter of c.27m
-SU 0825 4233, NMR No.112 (SMR No.657) with a diameter of 38m
-SU 0827 4240, NMR No.120 (SMR No.658) with a diameter of 16m
-SU 0823 4236, NMR No.110 (SMR No.659) with a diameter of 20m
-SU 0834 4232, NMR No.117 (SMR No.660) with a diameter of 18m
-SU 0824 4228, NMR No.118 (SMR No.661) with a diameter of 12m
-SU 0830 4234 , NMR No.116 (SMR No.662) with a diameter of 10m
-SU 0829 4234 , NMR No.113 (SMR No.663) with a diameter of 10m
-SU 0828 4235, NMR No.114 (SMR No.664) with a diameter of 16m
-SU 0831 4233 , NMR No.111 (SMR No.665) with a diameter of 14m
-SU 0817 4233 , NMR No.119 (SMR No.666) with a diameter of 14m
(7-8)

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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) General reference – Victoria County History Wiltshire 1 1957 pp202-3
( 3) General reference – Colt Hoare R 1812 History of Ancient South Wiltshire 1812 pp115-6
( 4) Aerial photograph – AP (Crawford colln 6444 undtd)
( 5) Field Investigators Comments – F1 PAS 11-DEC-74
( 6) General reference – English Heritage Schedule Entry 30/08/1996
( 7) General reference – RAF 82/1225 0105 13-SEP-1955
( 8) General reference – NMR SU 0842/36 (15269/15) 19-APR-1995

Details of Long Barrow on Pastscape

The earthwork remains of a long barrow orientated east-west. A 36m length of mound survives as a visible earthwork which varies in height from 1.5m to c.1m. The remainder of the mound is visible as a slight rise in the field surface. This long barrow was mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project, and subsequently revised for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project.

(SU 09174279) Long Barrow (NR) (1)
Grinsell’s Winterbourne Stoke 53. Oriented E-W, length 104ft, width 64ft, height 3 1/2ft. Side ditches vague, and mound badly damaged. (2)
Hoare’s No 3, which he opened with Cunnington. ? Primary cremation mixed with chalky marl, covered with a large pile of flints also mixed with chalky marl, found towards E end. Further E two cists containing large quantity of wood ashes. “Platform cremation”? (3)
A mutilated grass covered long barrow situated on a downland spur. Oriented E-W, it measures 36.0m long by 18.0m wide with the W end 1.7m high sloping (unusually) to 1.2m at the E end. All traces of the ditches noted by Grinsell have now been
destroyed. Re-surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
Originally recorded as Winterbourne Stoke 53 by Goddard (5)
(SU 092428) Winterbourne Stoke 53 (Kinnes, SU 66) Longbarrow orientated east, with Kinnes Type A ditches. Contained crematorium deposit at east end with burnt chalk and calcined bones, covered by a flint cairn. Also two deep pits with charcoal fills. (6)
Surveyed by RCHM. (7)
The earthwork remains of the long barrow described by the previous authorities was seen centred at SU 0916 4279 and was mapped at 1:10,000 scale as part of the RCHME: Salisbury Plain Training Area NMP project. It was subsequently revised at 1:2500 scale for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project. The barrow lies within a later Prehistoric or Roman field system recorded as SU04SE 16. (8)

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SOURCE TEXT
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( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date) OS 6” 1961
( 2) General reference – Victoria County History: Wiltshire 1 1957 p146 (L V Grinsell)
( 3) General reference – Hist of Anc S Wilts 1 1812 117 plan (R Colt Hoare)
( 4) Field Investigators Comments – F1 PAS 21-NOV-74
( 5) General reference – Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine 38, 1913-14, p367, p407 (E.H Goddard)
( 6) General reference – British Museum Occasional Paper 52, 1992, 11, 29 (I. Kinnes)
( 7) General reference – RCHME: South Wilts Project
( 8) General reference -