Rhiannon

Rhiannon

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Work to start soon on Lynn Museum

Work on a £1 million revamp for Lynn museum is due to start in July. The project has been funded with £778,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund, £125,000 from Norfolk County Council and donations from other sources.

When complete, the new-look museum will include a new exhibition area and a collections study gallery allowing more objects to be displayed. Interactive displays will tell the history of Lynn and West Norfolk. There will also be better access for the disabled and new facilities for running educational activities and events. The Grade II listed building will also undergo necessary repairs during the revamp.
Originally a Union Baptist Chapel built in 1859, the distinctive building will benefit from new lighting, heating, environmental monitoring systems and alarms.

Building work is expected to last until December with the new facilities and temporary exhibitions open by Easter 2006 and the final displays in the summer of 2007.

Around half to two-thirds of the original timbers and the central stump of the Seahenge circle will be at the museum from early 2007. All the timbers from Seahenge, which made national headlines in 2001, will be at the museum but there won’t be room to display the entire circle, although the final display sizes have yet to be finalised. The timbers are currently with the Marie Rose Trust in Portsmouth where work is being carried out to permanently preserve them so they can go on display. The treatment involves soaking the timbers in a wax substance before they are vacuum freeze-dried – a time-consuming process.

taken from
lynnnews.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=991&ArticleID=1028952

New report on Bronze age site at Fishguard

A fire last year? destroyed a large area of heather and scrub above Fishguard’s ferry port in Pembrokeshire. The land is owned by the National Trust and by Stena Sealink, and is used by grazing stock, fishermen and walkers.

Polly Groom, an archaeologist for Pembrokeshire National Park, working with Cambrian Archaeology, said, “We believed that this could be a Bronze Age burial site, dating from perhaps 3,000 years ago, but now we have the proof.

“The fire was disastrous as it came at a key time for wildlife but it has had an unexpected bonus, revealing evidence of extensive human use of the area over many centuries. There is some stonework remaining from what we consider to be a burial mound which had been disturbed in the past.

“We have also found what appear to be the remains of prehistoric field boundaries as we know exist on other headlands in north Pembrokeshire, like Strumble and St David’s Head.”

from
icWales

Iron Age house replica for Ryedale Folk Museum

A replica of an Iron Age house used by the first settlers in Ryedale is set to be built by young offenders in the grounds of Ryedale Folk Museum at Hutton-le-Hole.

The venture, which is expected to cost £25,000, will see the 10-metre long house become a major new attraction at the popular museum, says curator Mike Benson.

The ambitious scheme, which has involved extensive research, is to be linked with the museum’s cornfield site at the northern part of the grounds. There will also be a grain store and pottery kiln said Mr Benson. “It will have considerable education value. We are working with Sure Start and we are hopeful of attracting funding from DEFRA, the North York Moors National Park Authority and the Museum Service.”

The Probation Service’s young offenders’ scheme is expected to be involved in building the house, with young people, who have been given community service orders by the courts, receiving expert help and advice.

A historical architect has been engaged to produce the plans, which have now been submitted to the national park authority for a decision on the scheme.

from This Is Ryedale:
thisisryedale.co.uk/ryedale/news/RYEDALE_NEWS_LOCAL7.html

Folklore

Seven Stones of Hordron Edge
Stone Circle

The ‘Mysterious Britain Gazetteer’ says that the circle is associated with strange lights. This stone
themodernantiquarian.com/post/30255
is called the Fairy Stone – are the lights the work of fairies or are they ‘earthlights’? (some cynics would go for neither, of course.)

The caption to the MBG photograph suggests that the shape of the fairy stone deliberately matches that of Win Hill (SK186850) on the horizon.

mysteriousbritain.co.uk/england/derbyshire/derbyshire3.html

Folklore

Haresfield Camp
Hillfort

William Simmonds lived near Stroud and collected photographs and information about local rural life. An online exhibition is at the Museum of English Rural Life
ruralhistory.org/online_exhibitions/simmonds/cat_photo.html

“[He spoke to] George Hunt, a plasterer, from Far Oakridge
(A pencil note adds, ‘died 1937 aged 93’) “W.G.S.:Do you know Haresfield Beacon Mr Hunt. Cromwell is said to have watched his armies from there.
Mr H. : Oh yes and the story goes that he fired at the cathedral tower from there, and they put sacks round it to protect it. That’s how the story goes but I aint never been up there. ”

British History Online has the information that the earthworks at Haresfield Beacon were once known as Evesbury / Ezimbury.
british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=15822

Miscellaneous

Elsworthy
Standing Stone / Menhir

This stone, according to the Somerset Historic Environment record, is a “gritstone pillar 1.5m high, 0.6m wide and 0.4 m thick, which tapers slightly to a flat top”. It had been enjoyed by the local cattle so much that they’d eroded around the base and eventually pushed it over. The local landowners and the National Park Authority re-erected it (it’s now been given a cement base). Originally it had only been 40cm deep, and had some wedged stones as packing. It’s thought to have had prehistoric significance rather than solely be a handy cattle-rubbing post.

Folklore

Devil’s Stone (Luckwell Bridge)
Natural Rock Feature

This is a massive quartz block 2m long, 1.2m wide and 1.65m high. The Somerset Historic Environment record says that the farmer of the land gives its local name as ‘The Devil’s Stone’ and that the Devil hurled it from Dunkery Beacon. The field name is “Hour stone” which sounds suspiciously like “Hoar stone” – another quite common name for lone standing stones in England. Apparently in local tradition it was also thought of as a boundary or path stone. It looks as though it’s on a direct (and old) path between two villages, and very near to where the path crosses a stream.
Despite all this hopeful folklore pointing at its importance in local consciousness, the record suggests it’s probably not prehistoric. I guess it’s just big. But you could go and look at it.

Miscellaneous

Shave Farm
Standing Stone / Menhir

To the south of the farm is a large limestone block nearly 2 metres long, about 1m wide at the base and 30cm wide at the top. This has been provisionally identified as a prehistoric standing stone in the Somerset Historic Environment record. Ever hopeful. As the SHE says, do see if they’ll give you permission at the farm if you want to visit it.

Miscellaneous

Wells Museum
Holed Stone

The Somerset Historic Environment record suggests the stone was originally at ST 5653 4562, at the foot of King’s Castle hill. Also that in its new? or long-adopted? guise as Hoker Stone it stood on the green outside Well’s cathedral. Couldn’t people be bothered to walk all that way to seal their bargains? Or was it intentionally brought nearer the cathedral where any dubious goings-on could be quashed? Does anyone know when it was moved?

webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=24790

Folklore

The Cheesewring
Rocky Outcrop

In his ‘Popular Romances of the West of England’ Hunt describes a rock in Looe that turns around 3 times when it hears a cock crow. He adds:

The topmost stone of that curious pile of rocks in the parish of St Cleer known as the Cheesewring is gifted in like manner. Even now the poultry-yards are very distant, but in ancient days the cocks must have crowed most lustily, to have produced vibrations on either the sensitive rock or the tympanum of man.

Online at the sacred texts archive sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/prwe/index.htm

Folklore

The Hurlers
Stone Circle

The sarcastic Davis Gilbert said “With respect to the stones called the ‘Hurlers’ being once men, I will say.. ‘Did that the ball which these Hurlers used when flesh and blood appear directly over them, immovably pendant in the air, one might he apt to credit some little of the tale..‘

Hunt, who was quoting him in his ‘Popular Romances of the West of England’ retorted
May we not address Mr Bond, “O ye of little faith!“- A very small amount of which would have found the ball, fixed as a boulder of granite, not as it passed through the air, but as it rolled along the ground.

* ‘Popular Romances’ online at the sacred texts archive: sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/prwe/prwe071.htm

Folklore

Bellever
Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork

Tom White, of Post Bridge, was the favoured suitor of a girl from Huccaby, five miles away across the moor. After tea he’d walk over to see her, and late at night he’d walk back home. One summer night Tom had stayed considerably later than usual, and the stars were beginning to fade with that pre-dawn light. As he got nearer Bellever Tor he fancied he heard voices in the distance. He stopped to listen but came to the conclusion it was just the sighing of the wind. However as he got to the tor it was evident that a very merry party was somewhere close at hand. As he passed a huge granite block, he came upon a strange and bewildering sight.

On a small level piece of velvety turf, entirely surrounded by boulders, a throng of pixies were dancing in a ring, while others perched on rocks laughing and shouting. Before he could decide how to sneak off he was spotted, and the figures ran to form a ring around him, dancing and singing, spinning him round, round, round. He couldn’t help but be caught up with the pixies but he was terrified what would happen. Luckily for him the sun was at that moment about to peep over the ridge, and as its first rays hit the ground Tom found himself abandoned and exhausted.

It’s said that Tom couldn’t face going to see his girlfriend after that. I’ve heard some excuses... “Honestly, it’s not you, it’s me and it’s the pixies.”

An even more long-winded version of this is to be found in Tales of the Dartmoor Pixies, by William Crossing [1890] at
sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/tdp/tdp05.htm

Folklore

Laughter Tor
Standing Stone / Menhir

From Tales of the Dartmoor Pixies by William Crossing [1890]. online at sacred-texts.com/neu/eng/tdp

The following was told me by old George Caunter, of Dartmeet (Uncle George)..

A man named Hannaford, together with his wife, once lived at Lough Tor Hole*, which is situated on the East Dart, at no great distance below Bellaford Bridge. The few dwellers in the neighbourhood had often heard them speak of their children, but no one, when chancing to call at the house, had ever seen anything of them there. Sometimes as they approached it a troop of ragged little imps would appear for a moment to their view, and immediately vanish among the bracken as if by magic. Occasionally a farmer or a moor-man seeking his cattle near the place, would see several little forms scrambling among the boulders of granite, but on the slightest attempt to get near them they disappeared.

At length it was hinted among the people round about that what Hannaford and his wife called their children were nothing more nor less than a troop of pixies, for they disappeared in the same extraordinary fashion, on the approach of anyone, that those little elves were said to do. This belief continued to grow, and in a short time there were none who doubted that Hannaford and his wife were connected in some mysterious manner with that tribe of little goblins, and folks began to shun passing that way.

But of witchery there was none, for, as Uncle George explained, Lough Tor Hole is a very out-of-the-way place, and those who visited it but few, and the young children being accustomed to see scarce anyone but their parents became frightened on the approach of a stranger, and hid themselves with all speed, keeping out of the way until they had departed.

* I am not sure as to the correct mode of spelling the name of this place. The tor above it is sometimes rendered Laugh Tor, and sometimes Lough Tor. The old spelling of the name is Lafter Hole, and it is often so pronounced at present on the moor, though more frequently spoken of as Larter Hall

What, now Dartmoor people don’t know the difference between a child and a pixie? Give me a break.

Folklore

Aikey Brae
Stone Circle

There are other curious traditionary notices of the Rhymer in Aberdeenshire; one thus introduced in a View of the Diocese of Aberdeen, written about 1732.

’ On Aiky brae here [in Old Deer parish] are certain stones called the Cummin’s Craig, where ‘tis said one of the Cummins, Earls of Buchan, by a fall from his horse at hunting, dashed out his brains. The prediction goes that this earl (who lived under Alexander III.) had called Thomas the Rhymer by the name of Thomas the Lyar, to show how much he slighted his predictions, whereupon that famous fortune-teller denounced his impending fate in these word, which, ‘tis added, were all literally fulfilled:-

Tho’ Thomas the Lyar thou call’st me,
A sooth tale I shall tell to thee:
By Aikyside
Thy horse shall ride,
He shall stumble, and thou shalt fa’,
Thy neck bane shall break in twa,
And dogs shall thy banes gnaw,
And, maugre all thy kin and thee,
Thy own belt thy bier shall be.‘

So maybe not exactly the Aiky Brae stones. Though it seems to good a landmark to miss if you’re going to dash your brains out. From p21 of ‘Select Writings of Robert Chambers: popular rhymes of Scotland’ 3rd edition, 1847. Online at Google Books.

Folklore

Maen Ceti
Dolmen / Quoit / Cromlech

A very short distance away at SS497899 there is a holy well. According to Marie Trevelyan’s “Folk-lore and folk-stories of Wales” (1909) it is “a spring which is said to flow with the ebb and flow of the tide. It is called Ffyn[n]on Fair, or Our Lady’s Well. The water therefrom was lifted in the palm of the hand while the person who drank it wished.”
The site is not miles from the sea in any direction, as it is on the Gower peninsular, but it’s still hardly close, so its alleged ebb and flow would make it rather special.

I have later found out that Camden mentioned this in his ‘Britannica’:

They are to be seen upon a jutting at the north west of Cefn Bryn, the most noted hill in Gower; their fashion and posture is this, There is a vast unwrought stone, probably about 20 tons weight, supported by six or seven others that are not above four feet high, and these are set in a circle, some on one end, and some edgewise or sidelong, to bear the great one up. The great one is much diminished of what ithas been in bulk, as having five tons or more by report, broke off it to make millstones, so that I guess the stone originally to have been between twenty-five and thrity tons in weight.
The common people call it Arthur’s Stone; under it is a well, which, as the neighbours tell me, has a flux and reflux with the sea.”

Could it be true about the millstones? Or would it be unnecessary bother?

Folklore

Cottrell Park
Standing Stone / Menhir

Standing stones supposed to be of Druidical or memorial origin are seen in Glamorgan near Cottrell, the seat of Mrs. Macintosh, wife of the Macintosh of Macintosh. The story about these stones is that some women had sworn falsely against an innocent man, who was put to death on the gallows on Bryn Owen Mountain, subsequently known as the Stallingdown. These women were turned into stones on their way home.

(the other stone is possibly the one at Redland Park). From Marie Trevelyan’s “Folk-lore and folk-stories of Wales”, published in 1909 and online at V Wales:
red4.co.uk/Folklore/trevelyan.htm

Folklore

Cryd Tudno
Rocking Stone

[A] stone on Orme’s Head is known as Cryd Tudno, or Tudno’s Cradle. It is supposed to have been a rocking-stone, but has long since been dismounted. People said two centuries ago that if any mothers wanted their children to learn to walk quickly, they should put their babes to crawl three times in succession once a week around the cradle of Tudno.

From Marie Trevelyan’s “Folk-lore and folk-stories of Wales”, published in 1909 and online at V Wales:
red4.co.uk/Folklore/trevelyan.htm

She mentions another stone linked to the saint, otherwise known as ‘Hogalen Tudno’:

The whetstone of St. Tudno, near the ancient oratory on Great Orme’s Head, was included among the thirteen curiosities of the Isle of Britain. It was said that if the sword of a brave man were sharpened on it, anybody wounded thereby would surely die; but if the sword of a coward were sharpened on it, the blade would hurt, and not kill.

Is this a handy confusion with the whetstone of Tudwal Tudclud? which is mentioned as being one of the thirteen precious things in the basket of Gwyddneu Garanhir (see Lady’s Guest’s Mabinogion notes at sacred-texts.com/neu/celt/mab/mab17.htm)

Miscellaneous

Thornwell
Chambered Tomb

This sounds like another for the ‘don’t mind me’ category. Thornwell tomb is now “in a recreational green area within a housing estate” according to Coflein, and sprouting trees. When it was investigated – pending the arrival of said estate – it was found to be a Severn-Cotswold style tomb: an oval mound with drystone walling, and three chambers inside (containing bones, pottery and flints).

The Celtic Way website at
celticway.org/gwentborderlands.htm
has an interesting theory that the tomb overlooks a natural crossing point of the Severn. The site says that in the nineteenth century drovers taking cattle to London would swim them across here at low tide. And it’s certainly a natural crossing point today, because one of the Severn Bridges dominates the area:)

.. the abandoned Thornwell farmhouse [is now part of] a dormitory estate.. During the building of the estate in 1990 two burial mounds were discovered, one Neolithic and the other Bronze Age. They are located on the corner of Fountain Way surrounded by a wooden fence. The spot is marked by a large tree.
The location [of the tomb] was reused in the Bronze Age. Two Early Bronze Age cist burials were found close to the main chamber .These contained the remains of two men. Alongside, but unexcavated is a mound classified as a Bronze Age cairn. It is tempting to identify continuity of occupation on what was a strategic crossing of the Severn.

Miscellaneous

The Long Stone
Standing Stone / Menhir

The Long Stone is aptly sited on Longstone Hill, on the boundary of Kilve and East Quantoxhead parishes. It’s said to be 4ft 8ins ‘long’, 17” wide, and 8” thick. Grinsell says it lay recumbent for many years before being reerected by the Friends of Quantock in the 60s. He wasn’t convinced that it was any older than medieval, but another visitor surveying the stone in the 80s mentioned a possible cup mark on the NE side, angling for a Bronze age date.

Somerset Historic Environment Record
webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?prn=33283

Folklore

Bleary Pate
Round Barrow(s)

Bleary Pate is a round barrow 6+ft high, crowned by a tree and a pesky trig point. It is called ‘Bleary Pate’ on the modern OS map – but old maps have it as ‘Bloody Pate’. Leslie Grinsell collected the grisly rhyme that “the blood ran down the hill from Bloody Pate up to the second straddle of the gates”, and says the name change was a euphemism of the prim Victorians, who didn’t quite get it. Bleary pate doesn’t even make sense. Pate is a word for ‘head’ – so what’s the full story? Were people allegedly having their heads chopped off on the mound? Is it another story connected with giants? More research required.

Somerset Historic Environment Record:
webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?layer=smr&PRN=34182

New features found on Ilkley?

Experts are investigating claims by an amateur archaeologist from Bradford that he has found an important ancient monument on Ilkley Moor.
Two weeks ago Gordon Holmes, 52, who has been scouring local landscapes for signs of ancient sacred sites for three decades, was walking on the moor before sunset when he identified “a vague circular outline” surrounding the triangulation point sited on the highest point of the moor.
“It wasn’t long before I began to find fallen standing stones strewn about the locality,” said Mr Holmes, who is a technician at the University of Bradford. “Besides what appears to be an inner stone circle at this site, there is evidence of an outer circular barrow. I reckon there’s enough evidence to suggest it could be a stone circle about eight feet in diameter surrounded by a larger one maybe 18 feet in diameter.”

English Heritage says the find could be significant, but other historians have dismissed the claim. The site identified by Mr Holmes was last surveyed by English Heritage in June 1995 and scheduled by the Department of Media, Culture and Sport, after advice from English Heritage.

Neil Redfern, English Heritage’s inspector of monuments in Yorkshire, said: “There are in the region of 100 other scheduled monuments on Ilkley Moor, which is renowned for its concentration of prehistoric rock art panels and other associated features such as burial mounds and settlement sites. “We very much welcome input from interested locals and would be keen to discuss this gentleman’s findings.”

Gavin Edwards, curator of the Manor House Museum, in Ilkley, and an expert on the Moor’s archaeology, agreed that it was possible that additional features remained to be discovered but was cautious about Mr Holmes’s claim. “There are a lot of stones and features on the moor which can be misinterpreted,” he added. Mr Edwards said that Ilkley Moor had been a favourite haunt of Victorian antiquarians who had disturbed many of the original Bronze and Stone Age features. “Sometimes shepherds would use stones to build sheep shelters. And there’s a lot of continuing activity which can easily be misinterpreted as being from another age.”

thisisbradford.co.uk/bradford__district/bradford/news/BRAD_NEWS8.html

Folklore

Long Meg & Her Daughters
Stone Circle

It’s thought that there were once two cairns in the middle of the circle (about 9 ft high?) – mentioned by Burl in his ‘Great Stone Circles’, who feels it is unlikely they were just the product of field clearance or suchlike. Bainbridge, writing in c1600, said “Ther are within the compasse of these stones two great heapes of small stones under the wiche, they say, that the dead bodies were buried ther.” Stukeley, even more gruesomely, thought the stoney patches that remained in his day were the place where sacrifices had been burnt.

Folklore

Long Meg & Her Daughters
Stone Circle

The late Col. Lacy, it is said, conceived the idea of removing Long Meg and her daughters by blasting. Whilst the work was being proceeded with under his orders, the slumbering powers of Druidism rose in arms against this violation of their sanctuary; and such heavy rain and hail ensued, as the fell-side never before witnessed. The labourers fled for their lives, vowing never more to meddle with Long Meg.. ..All lovers of antiquity must be thankful for the providential throwing of cold water on so wicked a design.

I’m not quite sure who Burl is quoting here, but it’s in his ‘Great Stone Circles’ book. Lt-Col Lacy, owner of Salkeld Hall and Long Meg in the late 18th century, consequently tidied the site up by removing the fence that crossed it E-W. He must have been quite ruffled..

Before this in 1725 Stukeley mentioned that the northern half of the site was planted with crops, and the south side a common. “Many [stones] are standing, but more fallen, and several carried away; but lately they have destroyed some by blasting, as they call it, ie blowing them in pieces with gunpowder; others they have sawed for millstones.”

Folklore

Carn Galva
Tor enclosure

A giant once lived at Carn Galva. (I’m warning you. This is another one of those depressing Cornish stories about giants. Don’t read it if you’re feeling delicate).

A giant once lived at Carn Galva, and he was a nice chap. He had a human friend from Choone, who used to take a turn over to the carn every now and then, just to see how the giant was getting on and to cheer him up a bit, or play a game. One afternoon they’d been playing quoits and when it was time for his friend to leave, the giant patted him on the head. “Same time tomorrow then?” But unfortunately the young man dropped down dead. The giant’s fingers had gone right through his skull. He tried to plug up the fingerholes, but it was a bit late.
“Oh, my son, why didn’t they make the shell of thy noddle stronger? A es as plum as a pie-crust, doughbaked, and made too thin by half. How shall I ever pass my time without thee to play bob and mop-and-heede?” And the poor giant was never happy after that. He pined away and died seven years later (probably the blink of an eye to a giant).

You can see how big the giant was, because his logan stone was just at the right height to sit on, with his feet comfortably on the turf below.

(story from William Bottrell’s ‘Tales and Hearthside Traditions of West Cornwall’ (c 1870?)quoted in Katherine Briggs’ ‘Folklore and legends of Britain’)

Folklore

St. Agnes Beacon
Cairn(s)

Women can be cruel. But you expect better from a saint.

There lived then in that part of the country a famous Wrath or Giant, by name Bolster, of that ilk. He got hold of the saint [Saint Agnes], and obliged her to gather up the stones on his domain; she carried them in three apron-fulls to the top of the hill, and made with them three great heaps, from which the hill is now called, sometime Carne Breanich, sometimes St. Agnes’ Beacon.

At last this Giant or Wrath, attempted to seduce her; she pretended to yield, provided he would fill a hole which she showed him with his blood: he agreed to this, not knowing that the hole opened into the sea; she thus cunningly bled him to death, and then tumbled him over the cliff. This they still call the Wrath’s Hole. It is on the top of the cliff, not far from St. Agnes’ chapel and well; and, enlarging as it goes downward, opens into a cave fretted-in by the sea, and, from the nature of the stone, streaked all over with bright red streaks like blood.

After this she lived some time here, and then died, having first built her chapel and her well. The water of this well is excellent; and the pavement, they tell you, is coloured with her own blood, and the more you rub it, the more it shows, = such being, indeed, the nature of the stone.

She likewise left the mark of her foot on a rock, not far from it, still called St. Agnes’ foot, which they tell you will fit a foot of any size; and indeed it is large enough to do so. These monkish stories caused great resort here in former days, and many cures are pretended to have been done by the water of this well, so blest by her miraculous blood.” Polwhele’s History of Cornwall, i, 176-7

Found in the ‘Poetical Works of Robert Southey’ v1, 1843 – on Google Books.

Folklore

Carlungie
Souterrain

One evening the Laird of Balmachie was riding home from Dundee, to see his wife who was ill in bed. It was getting dark, and he took a short cut off the road, riding across the knolls called the Cur-hills, near Carlungy. He suddenly came across a troop of fairies, who were apparently carrying a human being on a kind of litter. As he got nearer he drew his sword, and bravely demanded “In the name of God, release your captive.” The fairies disappeared, and he found it was his wife they had been carrying. He put her on his horse and they rode the short distance home.

Arriving at his house, a servant hurried to attend to his wife, and he went upstairs to help prepare the bedroom. To his amazement, his wife appeared to be still in her bed, complaining away at being neglected by him. Pretending to be most concerned, the Laird told her she should sit by the fire while he had her bed changed. She claimed she couldn’t get up – but he picked her up and shoved her on the fire! “She bounced like a sky-rocket, went through the ceiling, and out through the roof of the house, leaving a hole among the slates.” (They could never satisfactorily fix this hole, either: once a year the mended slate would come off). His poor real wife explained that some time after sunset a multitude of elves had come in at the window, thronging like bees from a hive. They filled the room, lifted her from the bed and carried her out the window, after which point she remembered nothing until she saw her husband at the Cur-hills.

Story in Gibbings’ ‘Folklore and Legends, Scotland’, quoted in Katherine Briggs’ ‘Folklore and legends of Britain’.
See https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17071/17071-h/17071-h.htm (page 57).

It’s interesting it should have the motif of fairies as bees – also see Twmbarlwm in Wales.

So watch it at the Cur-hills – they are only on the opposite side of the road from Carlungie. The Carlungie souterrains would seem the inspiration for a fairy story – but they were only discovered (or discovered by archaeologists, at least) during ploughing in the 1940s. So I figured there must be older tales to account for the area’s strange reputation, and found this in the

Near the 8th milestone, E. from Dundee, there is a ridge of small hills, called the Cur-hills, where within these 14 years several stone coffins have been found. In the vicinity of the same place, were found upward of 6 feet below the surface of the earth, several trees, oak, fir and birch. There were also found urns, covered with broad stones, below which were ashes, supposed to have been human bodies reduced to that state by burning. To the south of the Cur-hills were found several heads of deer, and horns of a very large size, among marl, about 9 feet below the surface.

Folklore

Linton Hill
Hillfort

Linton Hill is a outlier of the Cheviot hills. In the 12th century it was the home of the Linton Worm. You might think that the slight earthworks here are the remains of a fort – but actually they are where the Linton Worm squeezed the hill. With its bad habits of breathing fire and poisoning cattle with its breath – not to mention the latest development of it growing wings, local people were getting a bit fed up of the worm. Its reputation reached a man called Somerville, and he travelled north to see it in person. He went to the ‘Worm’s Lair’ – the hollow on the NE side of the hill where the worm liked to hang out. The worm looked up, stared him straight in the face, opened its mouth, and.. went back indoors. You or I would then have left the creature to get on with its life, but Somerville decided he was going to kill it. Ooh so brave. He rigged up a lance with some burning peat and galloped at the worm, sticking the lance down its throat. As the poor animal writhed its death throes it squeezed the hill. For this act of animal cruelty the cad Somerville was given a knighthood, made Royal Falconer and Baron of Lintoune.

(details from JF Leishman’s ‘Linton Leaves’ quoted in ‘British Folktales and Legends’ by Katherine Briggs)

To the south of the fort are a number of cairns, and to the east, a little clump of trees called ‘Poky Knowe’ – surely the haunt of the local fairies?

Folklore

Dowsborough
Hillfort

Dowsborough is a hillfort in the Quantocks. It’s covered in oaks, but perhaps there are some places you can look out and see the views along the coast. Inside the bank and ditch is a round barrow from the Bronze Age (possibly later reused as a beacon mound) – so this prominent hill wasn’t ignored in times before the fort.

To the south on the curiously named ‘Robin Upright’s Hill’ is a spring called Lady’s Fountain; to the south of this a prehistoric dyke known as Dead Woman’s Ditch. One theory has it that the dead woman was a woodcutter’s wife – he was hanged for her murder in the 1780s. But the info on ‘MaGIc’ says that a map exists with this name on it from before this date – maybe an insight into how folklore gets updated over time.

As the wood continues north of Dowsborough it becomes Shervage Wood, and this was the home of the infamous Gurt Vurm – a dragon who used to eat six or seven ponies and sheep at one sitting before settling down for a nap curled around the hills. He was as fat round as two or three great oak trees. Things were fine for a while, but then local people started noticing that their livestock was disappearing. A few went up the hill to see what was going on. They didn’t come back. Everyone else was a bit loathe to go up there after that.
Every year there was a fair, the Triscombe Revel, and one old lady made all her money for the year by selling wort (bilberry?) tarts there. This year she was getting rather anxious as she couldn’t go up to check on the berries, and no one was daft enough to volunteer. Eventually a woodsman from Stogumber came by looking for work. She convinced him that he should go up to the wood and packed him off with some sarnies and some cider. After the steep climb he sat down for his lunch, on a comfy looking log. He’d just got nicely started when the log started squirming under him. “Hold a bit!” he said, picking up his axe. “Thee do movey, do thee? Take that, then.” And he hit the ‘log’ so hard, it was cut in two. One end ran off in one direction, the other the opposite way. The two ends couldn’t find each other – so the poor gurt vurm died.
The woodman made his way back to the old woman, carrying a hatful of worts. “There were a dragon there fust go off,” he said, thoughtfully. The woman tried to look innocent – didn’t he realise? hadn’t anyone told him? “Her were a Crowcombe woman,” he said later. (Can this whole story just be and excuse to have a dig at another village?!)

Story derived from version by Tongue in ‘Somerset Folklore‘

The Taunton Community Action website has yet another tale:
The wood also has other legends and may have been always had a reputation of being otherworldly. A pool known as Wayland’s Pool is traditionally where the smith god cooled the horseshoes he made to shoe the horses of the Wild Hunt, Odin’s nocturnal ride across the skies to search for the souls of the damned. Horses are said to be wary of this area, perhaps not wishing to join their spectral companions!
can-taunton.com/somersetlegends.php

I can’t see this pool on the map – but perhaps you may know it? This is mentioned by Tongue as well (see above). If you had the courage to leave your pony and not look back he might shoe it for nothing. ‘It is a strange thing’ (said a farmer to Ruth Tongue) ‘how still a horse will stand at Wayland’s Pool. Why you can dismount and walk away, and they won’t move.‘

Local Traditions of the Quantocks , by C. W. Whistler, in Folklore, Vol. 19, No. 1. (Mar. 30, 1908), pp. 31-51, says that ‘Wayland’s Pond’ stands ‘at the intersection of four ancient boundaries’. Which of course must make it an even spookier spot.

Miscellaneous

Money Burgh
Long Barrow

Money Burgh is an oval barrow (rather than a longbarrow) dating from the early to middle Neolithic. It’s positioned on the crest of a chalk spur overlooking the floodplain of the River Ouse, and is still over 2m tall. It’s been a bit damaged – along its top you can see where Mr Joseph Thompson of Deans, a nearby house, decided to open it in the 19th century. One suspects he may not have found the ‘Money’ the burgh promised, but apparently he did find some artifacts of some sort, and a skeleton (probably a later interment) which he gave to Lewes museum. The mound had characteristic banana shaped ditches running along its edges – instead of meeting at the ends they left an 8m causeway.

(Summarised using the SMR on MaGIc)

Miscellaneous

Stoughton Down
Long Barrow

The two long barrows here are really ‘oval barrows’ – funerary monuments from the Early to Middle Neolithic, and so especially ancient and unusual. They are only 1-2m high now, and in the 1920s it was still possible to see something of the 3m wide ditches that followed their lengths. The scheduled monument record on MaGIc describes these ditches as ‘banana shaped’ – they did not join to encircle the mounds, but were in pairs bent in slightly at both ends. Apparently it is even more unusual that two oval barrows should be found together – underlining the importance of this place/landscape in prehistoric times, especially when you consider the number of other barrows from later periods to be found up here.

Miscellaneous

Ponter’s Ball
Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork

Ponter’s Ball is a bit mysterious – it seems people can’t agree on how old it is, or what it was for. But it’s certainly not inconspicuous: it’s a linear earthwork about 15 feet high, and you drive through an (apparently original) gap in it when travelling from Glastonbury to Shepton Mallet. To add to it there’s a ditch on the Shepton Mallet side. As for the name – perhaps someone reading this knows where it derives from?

The Somerset Historical Environment Record adds that both ends of the earthwork are at the 32ft contour- perhaps it was constructed when the water of the sea/marsh was at this height (though it could be longer, with its ends buried by later alluvial deposits). If really does end where it seems to “it can hardly be regarded as a defensive work like the rampart of a hillfort – the area defended is too large, the earthwork too long and would be easily bypassed.” So they suggest it must be seen as territorial boundary (political or for stock protection), or even a religious boundary marking a prehistoric sacred area. The latter being much more romantic of course, but let’s not get too carried away.

Folklore

Maen Llia
Standing Stone / Menhir

The StonePages link below mentions two apparently standard folklore tales connected with Maen Llia. But are they more complex than at first sight?

One legend has it that whenever a cock crows, the stone goes to drink in the River Nedd. Look at the map and you will find this is rather perverse, because the stream that runs right near the stone isn’t the Nedd Fechan at all. It would require a strenous walk up over the hill Fan Nedd, and then down the other side.

According to another story, the stone visits the River Mellte for a swim on Midsummer morning. The Mellte runs through the village of Ystradfellte to the south – it’s the same watercourse as that near the stone, but up there it is surely called Afon Llia? So does the stone wander all the way down to Ystradfellte? I have read that the stone is actually visible from there. Besides, it’s probably worth the trek – it’s a pretty strange river. The whole area is full of caves and shake holes, and the river actually disappears into a cave (Porth yr Ogof) – to flow underground for 300 yards before reappearing at the surface in the mysterious Blue Pool!

Miscellaneous

Perth and Kinross

Full article at icPerthshire .

Local ‘Earth Energy’ researcher and author David Cowan has some theories about the placing of local stone circles in relation to a major geological fault line.

“According to a local geological map, a fault line runs across Crieff’s High Street, and it may be this which is responsible for some unusual occurrences,” he said. “For instance, one precursor to the Killin ‘quake on the Thursday (20th Jan) afternoon was felt in the Pretoria Bar in the High Street, just prior to the 10pm shock, when a bottle of whisky fell off a shelf. This must have been very unnerving but geological fault lines give a plausible explanation for these seemingly paranormal events.”

David says: “There must be many other ancient sites built upon and making use of the strange but natural energies our planet emits. It is probably this fault, running through a large part of the town which causes people to hear, feel and see things which may frighten them, when the culprit may really be the human brain reacting to natural energies. People may see visions, ghosts and objects but they can be put down to natural sub-surface energies.”

On the Crieff Golf Course there is the remains of an ancient four-stone circle which can be seen from the Crieff-Gilmerton road.

David suggests that the circle has been carefully placed directly on top of a fault line, where the conglomerates – or pudding stones – of the Knock butt against the schistose grits to the south. This fault appears to run down to near Millar Street to the High Street, presumably close to the Pretoria, running roughly parallel to the east of King Street and on to the River Earn bridge.

David explained: “When faults move they emit a wide variety of sounds and electro-magnetic frequencies, rather like an orchestra, with every instrument playing out of tune and at full blast. Any sounds heard are usually deep, like thunder, as the higher frequencies are filtered out by the overlying rock. It is probably these frequencies which caused the bottle to be displaced. Imagine an opera singer smashing a wine glass with a sustained note at a certain pitch, or your washing machine waltzing across the kitchen on full spin. Everything has a resonant frequency, and when it is reached things do start to move, oscillate or break. No ghosts or poltergeists needed to explain this!”

He points out that the siting of this stone circle is not alone – there are a number of ancient sites around Crieff built on top of the many faults which make up the mile-wide Highland Boundary Fracture Zone – the fault which seperates the Highlands from the Scottish Lowlands.

Here are some of the local ancient sites which the Crieff man believes are on volcanic anomalies:

Ochtertyre Mausoleum and burial-ground directly on top of the Highland Boundary Fault;

Monzie Burial-ground and church, surrounded by two faults, the HBF and a nearby parallel fault. The river can be seen tumbling over these faults beside the burial-ground;

A prehistoric cup-marked boulder with some 60 carvings on its surface in a field opposite Foulford Inn in the Sma’ Glen, on a parallel fault to the HBF. Cup-marks are sometimes called petroglyphs. These are depressions, sometimes surrounded by one or more circles pecked into boulders, standing stones and the living rock several thousand years ago;

Another cup-marked stone in field to the east of the Comrie-Cultybraggan road on top of fault leading to Lawers house.

The four-stone circle next to the Comrie graveyard on the low Comrie-Crieff road is also on top of this fault;

Cup-marked stone east side of fault running across the Shaggie Burn, in the Sma’ Glen;

Stone circle (kerbed cairn) in Monzie Castle grounds, again on fault where the Knock conglomerates meet the schistose grits;

Four-stone circle on summit of volcanic pluton to the north of Comrie.

apologies if I’ve linked these to the wrong sites – just let me know, and if you know where any others refer to

Miscellaneous

Big Tree Long Barrow
Long Barrow

Hamish – I found this on the barrow at the Somerset Historic Environment Record:

“The site is named “Big Tree” from an elm which stood on it until c1960. The mound now resembles a [round?] barrow, but the S end may have been removed when the A362 was made.”

Strachey records the barrow as “Modbarow” in his 1737 map, and (spelling obviously not of great importance to him) said “Madborough on Buckland Down is a large round tumulus.. At Madbarrow the Sherriffs Turn* is still kept which shows it a place of remark”. Strachey did not mention any stones (as you’d imagine he would if he’d seen them).

*the Sherrif’s turn, I believe, was like a county court. But outdoors.

Skinner, however, who visited in 1825, was told that three upright stones had once been there. He was also told that burials had been found.

..I have before noticed in my journals that a large tumulus on Buckland Down had three stele or upright stones placed so as to form a triangle; they were, as my informant said, who assisted in breaking the stones for the road[!], as high as a man on horseback, that is about the height of that under our present consideration at Orchardley (Orchardleigh).

(Quote from PSASv67, info also from website link below).

I also read a recentish bit of folklore connected with the site – from Proc Som Arch Soc 87, from 1941. The ‘Big Tree’ was blown down during a severe gale [rather knocking the ‘c1960’ date on the head] “and after a lapse of several years is still lying as it fell untouched.. ‘It has not been removed’ the writer was recently informed, ‘because it is on a burial place’.” We can only speculate whether this was the actual or presumed reason for the tree not being removed.

More on the finds at
webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/details.asp?layer=smr&PRN=23165

Miscellaneous

Wick Barrow
Round Barrow(s)

(Disclaimer: this does include the ‘R’ word, but is in the interests of understanding later views of the barrow.)

The Somerset historic environment record says that the mound lay for a time within a Roman settlement. Roman pottery and a coin were found inside in a 1907 excavation (so the Romans could have dug into it – though the articles might have fallen in from yet another digging episode). The barrow contained the remains of many people – a mixture of bones in the centre (said to be Neolithic) and a number of secondary inhumations with beakers and a flint knife. The mound itself was built mainly of large stones (up to 2.5ft long), with a circular drystone enclosure at the centre.

It kind of raises thoughts about why they chose to settle right next to the barrow. Local ‘Romanised’ families keeping on the good side of local ancestors? Handy for a spring? Didn’t even notice it? I don’t know. But lots of people have used handy barrows as asource of stone – these people apparently didn’t.

Burial ground proposal angers local people

Native Woodland, a company from Edinburgh, want to develop a natural burial ground at Cothiemuir Hill – within 15 yards of the scheduled ancient monument. They have not yet received planning permission for the scheme, but it’s provoked an backlash from local people, who are forming an action group. The company wants to offer “rights of burial” for ashes in plots laid out in concentric rings around the ancient site, and full interments in a dedicated grassland area to the east of the stone circle.

The campaign against the burial ground plan is being led by Jo Stover, of nearby Auchnagathle Farm. She said: “We are a close-knit community here and I think that is why people are quite appalled and really quite upset about what is being planned. This is a commercial development which just doesn’t belong here. Local people are extremely alarmed and angry about what is being proposed. It has no sensitivity to the local area and the people here – quite the opposite. It would encourage the use of a remote graveyard by persons who have no connection to this area or to the people here.”

She added: “The company claims the burial site will not physically damage the stone circle, but it will be changed for ever by this development.”

The burial scheme is being backed by the local laird, Malcolm Forbes, the Master of Forbes, whose family has owned the estate incorporating the land surrounding the stone circle for about 600 years. Ian Walls, the director of Native Woodland, was unavailable for comment yesterday. His letter to Aberdeenshire Council, in support of the planning application, curiously states: “The main objective behind our proposals for the site is for the change of use to have as little impact on the landscape as is practically possible. We aim for the changes to be imperceptible.”

summarised from the article at news.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=370602005

'Exclusion zone' call to protect Thornborough

Atkins Heritage was commissioned by English Heritage and the Thornborough Henges Consultation Group to prepare a conservation plan for the local area. At a meeting with residents on Wednesday they suggested an eight square mile “exclusion zone”. Project manager Andrew Croft said the aim of the plan, due to be completed by next March, was to aid decisions on planning applications, archaeological research and landscape management. The area covered includes Nosterfield Quarry, which has a pending planning application for quarrying only half a mile from the henges.

Local landowners are concerned controls could hit their livelihoods. For example, potato farmer David Robinson, of Howgrave Hall, said a ploughing depth restriction of eight inches would put him out of business.
Mike Sanders, of the Friends of Thornborough, said he hoped North Yorkshire Council would act on the plan’s recommendations. He suggested the area would benefit from tourism, and that farmers could be offered compensation or subsidies to allow access to the sites.

summarised from the Yorkshire Post article at
yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1006494

Folklore

Druid Stoke
Burial Chamber

When ‘discovered’ in 1811 by the Rev. John Skinner, the site lay in a field. By 1880 it had been incorporated into the grounds of Druid Stoke House, and around this time was apparently used as a place of annual assembly by a sect of Druids. In 1904 the grounds were divided up and sold, and the present house was built in 1907. The (by then unfashionable?) druidic connection was incorporated into the houses and streets that were built: the Druid Stoke suburb grew in the 1930s with Druid Road, Druid Stoke Avenue, and Druid Hill.

The stones were probably part of a longbarrow with a false front entrance, and chambers along the sides. As they are ‘dolomitic conglomerate’ it’s thought they may have come from Henbury or Kingsweston Hill. Although it’s difficult to imagine now, the barrow is on a western spur of Durdham Down, and overlooked a stream. This origin fits nicely with the folklore Skinner collected from a local farmer. He was told that two giants had fought – one being at the Rock at Henbury, the other at St Vincent Rocks, Clifton. The Henbury giant threw a stone at his rival, but it fell short – and that’s the capstone at Druid Stoke. His name was Goram, or Gorm, and he’s also associated with the Giant’s Grave longbarrow at Holcombe, Maes Knoll, and Wansdyke. You can visit ‘Goram’s Chair’ at Henbury, and the cave of the other giant, Vincent, beneath the fort at Clifton.

(info from the 1979 volume (97) of Bristol + Glouc. Arch. Soc. Trans.)

Miscellaneous

Langridge Wood
Cist

This Bronze Age cist is one of only seven to have been documented on Exmoor, only two of which survive. It is lined with slate slabs, and a large 5ft square capstone still partially covers its top. The mound that would have surrounded it was dug into in 1820 for road stone :(
When the cist was disturbed a skeleton was found inside and this was generously (?) reinterred in the churchyard at nearby Treborough.

(info from the scheduled monument record on Magic / Somerset Historic Environment Record).

Folklore

Wyck Beacon
Round Barrow(s)

This round barrow still stands about 2.5m high, perched on top of the hill. Today it apparently sports a triangulation pillar.

Grinsell and O’Neil’s research for the 1960 ‘Gloucestershire Barrows’ found that it was considered to be the grave of a famous highwayman from Westcote village. Perhaps you know more?

Folklore

Temple of Diana

Further to RiotGibbon’s post, I found this in Peter Ackroyd’s “London the Biography”:

In the records of St Paul’s Cathedral the adjacent buildings are known as ‘Camera Dianae’. A 15th century chronicler recalled a time when ‘London worships Diana’. She was the goddess of the hunt, so perhaps linking with the ceremony “that took place at St Paul’s as late as the 16th century: a stag’s head was impaled on a spear and carried about the church; it was then received upon the steps of the church by priests wearing garlands of flowers upon their heads.”

Folklore

Castle How
Hillfort

The Iron-Age fort at Castle How has fairly unusual rock cut defensive ditches, and the top of the knoll is artificially levelled too – surely no small task. The top is known as ‘the fairy glen’, and – you’ve guessed it – is the haunt of the little people.

The Bords describe two anecdotes about the site in ‘Secret Country’. The first is about a man who was climbing up to the top of the fort. He stumbled, and in doing so overturned a rock. Clambering on, he happened to look back, and there was a man dressed in green sitting on the same stone. When shortly he turned to look again, the figure was gone.

Secondly, they tell of some children who (no doubt searching for treasure) were spending the day digging on the fort. They found a hut with a slate roof. Returning to the spot after their lunch they could not find the hut, though the spades appeared to be in the same place they’d left them nearby. A few days later the children’s father was walking his dog on top of the hill, when he saw two tiny figures dressed in green. In a rather unfriendly gesture he set his dog on them, but the poor animal stopped in its tracks before it reached them, and returned nervously. The man then saw the figures ‘step into the ground’.

Miscellaneous

Old Wardour Castle Grotto

Apparently, at the side of the grotto are some stones moved from a prehistoric site at nearby Tisbury, c1792. (Though according to other accounts, I’ve read, the stones are actually part of the grotto itself.) Josiah Laine, who built the grotto, came from Tisbury, so I guess he was using what he saw to be handy and suitably quaint stones. Supposedly the human remains beneath the stones were placed back under them at their new location. You wouldn’t imagine they’d be best pleased at becoming part of a fashionable garden accessory.

The stones are thought to have come from a neolithic tomb at Place Farm (ST951299) in one of three fields near the junction of the Chicksgrove and Chilmark roads. (wiltshire.gov.uk/community/getcom2.php?id=225)

There is a picture (of the grotto, at least) at the ‘Astoft’ website:
astoft.co.uk/Dscn5986-u2-540-u0.5-q30.jpg
Perhaps that’s one of the stones on the left.

Miscellaneous

Silbury Hill
Artificial Mound

From “The Secret Places Of The Heart” by H. G. Wells (1922).

“Clumsy treasure hunting,” Sir Richmond said. “They bore into Silbury Hill and expect to find a mummified chief or something sensational of that sort, and they don’t, and they report nothing. They haven’t sifted finely enough; they haven’t thought subtly enough. These walls of earth ought to tell what these people ate, what clothes they wore, what woods they used. Was this a sheep land then as it is now, or a cattle land? Were these hills covered by forests? I don’t know. These archaeologists don’t know. Or if they do they haven’t told me, which is just as bad. I don’t believe they know.

...“To-day, among these ancient memories, has taken me out of myself wonderfully. I can’t tell you how good Avebury has been for me. This afternoon half my consciousness has seemed to be a tattooed creature wearing a knife of stone. . . . ”

-online at Arthur’s Classic Novels.
arthursclassicnovels.com/arthurs/wells/spoth10.html

Link

Alton Priors
Christianised Site
Wiltshire County Council

A concise history of Alton Priors by John Chandler, which points out among other things

- that the Ridgeway passes ludicrously close by (check out a 1:25000 OS map),

- the reasons for there being two churches almost next to each other,

- and that the bumps in the field are probably the remains of the village which has since shrunk (not barrows, I’m afraid, as notjamesbond suggests above)

Miscellaneous

Rhino Rift Barrow
Round Barrow(s)

Geophysical surveys of this mysterious oval mound suggest it was originally two Bronze Age round barrows, aligned SE-NW. They’re apparently the nearest barrows to Gorsey Bigbury henge. Curiously the results showed their ditches had little causeways, and the causeways faced each other (imagine a C and a backwards C) – the barrows were only a metre apart. It makes you wonder about the story behind their design and who were buried there.

(info from Jodie Lewis’s article in Proc Univ Brist Spel Soc 2003 vol23)

Folklore

Robin Hood’s Butts South (Otterford)
Round Barrow(s)

From Mathews’ “Tales of the Blackdown Borderland”, 1923.

Many years ago when passing by the spot I was told that an old couple, who got their living by making brooms from the heather so plentiful hereabout, actually dug themselves a big cave in one of the barrows, and used it for a dwelling place for some years.

They obviously weren’t afraid of the ghosts – he also mentions how “A great battle took place there long ago and hundreds of Cromwell’s soldiers are buried there” and that “a tradition of ghostly possession persists” with children (and faint-hearted adults) not daring to pass the mounds at night.