Latest Miscellany

Miscellaneous expand_more 201-225 of 6,332 miscellaneous posts

January 1, 2023

Miscellaneous

Castlehill Wood, Godstone
Promontory Fort

Located within ‘private woodland’ to the approx southeast of Godstone, near Leigh Place, this represents the substantial remains of an inland Iron Age promontory fort, the curving defensive cross bank still apparently in excess of 8ft high – to be honest, it looked taller.

Although there is no public access – arguably society should review the community obligations of any landowner in such a position? – a public footpath to the immediate east of the site does nonetheless allow a pretty good impression of what is clearly an impressive addition to Surrey’s prehistoric story. OK, the noisy A22 does run immediately below, but there you are. Combine a visit with a viewing of Godstone’s Bronze Age round barrows just over a mile distant and your time will surely be well spent.

The site is a scheduled ancient monument:

“The monument includes a promontory fort situated on a spur which projects to the west from a sandstone hill around 1.4km to the south east of Godstone. The promontory fort’s defences were constructed across the neck of the spur and survive as a NNE-SSW aligned, approximately 110m long, curving bank around 15m wide and 2.6m high, flanked to the east by an outer ditch up to 15m wide and 1.4m deep. The eastern edge of the ditch has been destroyed by the construction of the modern A22 Godstone bypass during the mid-1980s, and this area is therefore not included in the scheduling. Access to the interior of the fort was provided by a simple gap at the south western end of the ramparts. Contemporary buildings, storage pits and associated structures and features will have covered much of the steeply-sided spur top, and traces of these can be expected to survive in the form of below ground archaeological features. During World War II, the monument was used as an aircraft observation post, represented by a small trench dug into the southern sector of the monument.”

Refer: O’Connell, M, Poulton, R, ‘Surrey Archaeological Collections’ in An Excavation at Castle Hill, Godstone, , Vol. 74, (1983), 213-215

December 18, 2022

Miscellaneous

Hasting Hill
Round Barrow(s)

Hasting Hill, where a burial ground used by prehistoric man in about 2400-1500 BC. It was excavated in 1911. Several cists were discovered during the excavation, with one containing the remains of a man, a flint knife and an earthenware food vessel.

December 10, 2022

Miscellaneous

Littlepark
Cairn(s)

Directions to Cruise Back Fell Fort: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 4 miles to reach Cruise Farm. Walk NE along the SUW for c. 250 yards to a gateway. Littlepark Cairn is visible c. 0.25 miles SE on a ridge in the field. Continue SE towards a gateway in the stone wall. Follow the line of the stone wall S for c. 250 yards to Cruise Back Fell Fort on the summit of the fell. My route is viewable on Cruise Back Fell Fort.

Miscellaneous

Cruise Back Fell
Hillfort

Directions to Cruise Back Fell Fort: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 4 miles to reach Cruise Farm. Walk NE along the SUW for c. 250 yards to a gateway. Littlepark Cairn is visible c. 0.25 miles SE on a ridge in the field. Continue SE towards a gateway in the stone wall. Follow the line of the stone wall S for c. 250 yards to Cruise Back Fell Fort on the summit of the fell. My route is viewable on Cruise Back Fell Fort.

Miscellaneous

Arnsheen S
Cairn(s)

Directions: Arnsheen S Cairn is c. 250 yards SW of a lay-by at NX 27713 77179 on the B7027 Barrhill road. Walk c. 50 yards N along the road to reach two large fenceposts on the W margin of the forest. Head W into the trees along a forest ride. This green lane intersects with a forest ride heading SW. Follow this rough path for c. 200 yards. This boggy route becomes drier as it approaches the forest clearing in which the Arnsheen Cairns are located. Wellies and a walking stick are recommended.

Miscellaneous

Arnsheen N
Cairn(s)

Directions: Arnsheen S Cairn is c. 250 yards SW of a lay-by at NX 27713 77179 on the B7027 Barrhill road. Walk c. 50 yards N along the road to reach two large fenceposts on the W margin of the forest. Head W into the trees along a forest ride. This green lane intersects with a forest ride heading SW. Follow this rough path for c. 200 yards. This boggy route becomes drier as it approaches the forest clearing in which the Arnsheen Cairns are located. Wellies and a walking stick are recommended.

Miscellaneous

Haggstone Moor
Standing Stone / Menhir

Directions: Take the narrow lane signed for Works Traffic at NX 0662 7380 off the A77 between Glen App Church and Haggstone. After c. 0.6 miles park up in a lay-by at NX 0603 7311. Walk back to the private road to Glen App Wind Farm. Follow this track for c. 0.5 miles and turn left. Walk NE along the track to the third reflecting pole on the left of the road. Walk 38 yards NE from this point to reach a lay-by on the right. On the left side of the road there is a large tree stump and a solitary spruce c. 5 yards NW along a vague path. Haggstone Moor Standing Stone lies 1 foot from the base of the tree at NX 06485 72626.

November 26, 2022

Miscellaneous

Gowk Nest Wood
Cairn(s)

Directions to Gowk Nest Wood: Take the New Luce/Barrhill road off the A75 c. 50 yards E of the Esso Petrol Station in Castle Kennedy. Stay on this road for c. 5.4 miles to the edge of New Luce. Bear left c. 50 yards before the 30 mph limit signs. Follow this road for c. 0.3 miles under the railway viaduct to a lay-by c. 50 yards beyond the viaduct. Head W from here, following my 0.65 miles Mains of Larg Cairns (go to Mains of Larg NW Links) route.

Miscellaneous

Mains of Larg NE
Cairn(s)

Directions to Mains of Larg NE: Take the New Luce/Barrhill road off the A75 c. 50 yards E of the Esso Petrol Station in Castle Kennedy. Stay on this road for c. 5.4 miles to the edge of New Luce. Bear left c. 50 yards before the 30 mph limit signs. Follow this road for c. 0.3 miles under the railway viaduct to a lay-by c. 50 yards beyond the viaduct. Head W from here, following my 0.65 miles Mains of Larg Cairns (go to Mains of Larg NW Links) route.

Miscellaneous

Mains of Larg NW
Cairn(s)

Directions to Mains of Larg NW: Take the New Luce/Barrhill road off the A75 c. 50 yards E of the Esso Petrol Station in Castle Kennedy. Stay on this road for c. 5.4 miles to the edge of New Luce. Bear left c. 50 yards before the 30 mph limit signs. Follow this road for c. 0.3 miles under the railway viaduct to a lay-by c. 50 yards beyond the viaduct. Head W from here, following my 0.65 miles Mains of Larg Cairns (go to Links) route.

November 24, 2022

Miscellaneous

Barnshangan E
Cairn(s)

Directions to Barnshangan Cairns: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 5 miles to reach New Luce. Park on Main Street. Walk straight on at the top of Main Street for c. 300 yards to reach Barnshangan Farm track. Follow the farm track for c. 0.6 mile to a gate on the right at NX 18156 65377. Head S into the field for 75 yards then SE towards a gate into an adjacent field. Barnshangan W Cairn is c. 75 yards NE from here. Return to the farm track then walk c. 400 yards E to NX 18429 65423. Barnshangan E Cairn is c. 50 yards to the right, next to a dry stane dyke.

November 23, 2022

Miscellaneous

Gyrn Ddu
Cairn(s)

At 1,713ft Gyrn Ddu – together with its slightly lower neighbour Gyrn Goch – may well not feature upon the itineraries of those route-marching muppets who pigeonhole the Great Outdoors by the sole criterion of ‘height’ above Ordnance Datum... however, more fool them, I say. Particularly if one happens to possess a penchant for ancient upland cairns... a Citizen Cairn, you might say?

Now Gyrn Ddu has not one, but a trio of such enigmatic monuments perched upon its eastern (two) and western shoulders, all of which can be visited by way of a circular walk starting from the A499, below to the west. In addition, a number of ancient hut groupings can be seen along the way... hey, the former homes of the folks who erected the cairns back in the day, right? Makes sense to me.

Beware of the so-called ‘experts’ who may tell you this is an ‘easy walk’. For sure, the logical anti-clockwise route from Rock Cottage, albeit a touch steep in places, may well be upon grass all the way to these two eastern cairns.... but any punter making the progression to the summit and subsequent descent to the fine western monument will encounter far rougher terrain more reminiscent of Y Rhinogydd. So watch those ankles...

The cairns upon this eastern shoulder are unfortunately bisected by parasitical drystone walls clearly sourced from the monuments, yet nevertheless remain pretty substantial: Coflein reckons both are c45ft in diameter, the southern somewhat higher nowadays (although whether there was originally such disparity is a moot point, given the damage). Interestingly, I noted another, smaller cairn immediately beyond the northern monument. Do we have a cemetery here?

Whatever, it is the utterly wondrous vistas towards the rest of Lleyn – Tre’r Ceiri and Mynydd Carnguwch taking centre stage – not to mention more-or-less the whole of Northern Snowdonia, which form la pièce de résistance of this place.

Miscellaneous

Barlure
Cairn(s)

Directions to Barlure Cairn from E: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 5 miles to reach New Luce. Go straight on at the top of Main Street for 1.3 miles to reach Barlure Farm track. There is a room for one car to park at the junction. Walk along Barlure Farm track for c. 0.3 mile to reach Barlure Farm. A track heading N starts in the middle of the farm buildings. Follow this track uphill for c. 180 yards to find Barlure Cairn.
Directions to Barlure Cairn from W: Take the left turn to New Luce off the A75 opposite the petrol station in Castle Kennedy. Stay on this road for c. 5.6 miles to reach New Luce. Turn left for Barrhill at the junction with Main Street. Follow the Barrhill road for c. 1.3 miles to reach Barlure Farm track. There is a room for one car to park at the junction. Walk along Barlure Farm track for c. 0.3 mile to reach Barlure Farm. A track heading N starts in the middle of the farm buildings. Follow this track uphill for c. 180 yards to find Barlure Cairn.

Miscellaneous

Coed Croes
Cairn(s)

Located between the mighty northern escarpment of Cadair Idris and Dolgellau, this well-preserved Bronze Age funerary cairn still possesses its former capstone (albeit somewhat the worse for wear) perched upon the rim.

I approached from the hamlet of Pandy Gader to the east, a public footpath negotiating the wondrous Afon Arran and the fields/woodland beyond to arrive at the farm at Coed Croes. As you would expect, I, er, got a bit confused at this point, so ensure you pack your map or blunder around like a muppet.

The monument occupies a fine, elevated position looking north to the great hillfort of Foel Offrwn and Rhobell Fawr upon the skyline. OK, the approach may be a tad ‘fiddly’ for my navigational skill set, but the tranquil vibe and excellent archaeology are easily worth such route-finding trifles...

Coflein doesn’t have anything to say. However, GAT reckons the monument is:

“A grassed-over simple rounded cairn with a large hollow, the robbing pit, in the centre, at 3m x 2.5m & 1m deep.... Two large slabs each c.1m long lie alongside the robbing pit and could be cist cover slabs”. [Smith, 2001]

The former local name for the site – ‘Twll y crochan aur’ (’pit of the golden cauldron’) – might be attributed to the treasure-seeking former owner of Coed Croes farm... a certain Victorian by the name of Mr. Humphreys. [Dancer, A. M. , 1968, Journal of the Merionethshire Historical and Record Society].

Miscellaneous

Castell Llanaber
Hillfort

Not a castle... but a much older Iron Age fortress overlooking Cardigan Bay, not far from the traditional seaside attractions of Barmouth upon Snowdonia’s western coast.

Yeah, set within the scenic splendour of the rugged southern Rhinogydd, this hillfort looks – and indeed is – the real deal, particularly if viewed perched upon its crag from the north. Unlike me, however, you’ll want to approach from the green track below to the south.... unless trademark Rhinog ankle-twisting boulders, camouflaged within copious heather, is your thing? Nah, thought as much.

OK, the enclosure is unfortunately bisected by a high drystone wall, another idiosyncratic feature of this wondrous mountain landscape; nevertheless, a significant volume of drystone defences still remains in situ. So, if you like your hillforts wild and uncompromising, yet not too far from civilisation, this one is for you.

Don’t forget to drop in on the nearby – and chronically neglected – Bronze Age ring cairn upon Mynydd Llanaber while you’re here.

Coflein notes:

Castell Llanaber is a sub-rectangular hillfort approximately 48m x 34m... and is crossed by a modern wall. The wall possibly masks the entrance. A rectangular structure approximately 10m square and set within the south-west angle is thought to be a later sheepfold.” [J.Wiles, RCAHMW – 11/2/2004]

Miscellaneous

Mynydd Llanaber
Ring Cairn

This massive Bronze Age ‘Ring Cairn’ – located in the southern foothills of Y Rhinogydd above Llanaber and blessed with a fine, sweeping view of Cardigan Bay – could have been a jewel in the prehistoric crown of this beautiful coastline. Could have.....

Sadly, it now serves as a dumping ground for field clearance detritus... a rusting bath, presumably placed here for animal husbandry purposes, highlighting a lack of respect for those pioneer farmers who worked this land millennia ago. But hey, it’s not too late.

Thankfully, the well-preserved, wondrous hillfort Castell Llanaber is nearby to help restore the feelgood factor for those who do give a damn about Wales’ heritage. As it is, the ring cairn’s substantial circular footprint is nevertheless worth checking out in passing.

Coflein gives the monument’s dimensions thus:

“A circular bank of turf-covered stones, 3.0m wide & 0.5m high, 20m overall diameter.” [J.Wiles 04.11.04]

Miscellaneous

Cruise E
Cairn(s)

Directions to Cruise E Cairn: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 4 miles to reach Cruise Farm. There is room for one car to park at the Southern Upland Way (SUW) on the right. Walk along the SUW for 0.3 miles. Turn left after a gate, following a stone wall into a sheep pen. Take the right exit and follow the farm track. The track bears right into the field, heading towards the Cruise Cairns. My route is viewable on Cruise Cairns (go to Cruise W Links).

Miscellaneous

Cruise W
Cairn(s)

Directions to Cruise E Cairn: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 4 miles to reach Cruise Farm. There is room for one car to park at the Southern Upland Way (SUW) on the right. Walk along the SUW for 0.3 miles. Turn left after a gate, following a stone wall into a sheep pen. Take the right exit and follow the farm track. The track bears right into the field, heading towards the Cruise Cairns. My route is viewable on Cruise Cairns (go to Links).

Miscellaneous

Cairn MacNeilie, Cruise
Cairn(s)

Directions to Cairn MacNeilie, Cruise: Take the W turn to Glenluce off the A75. Turn left for New Luce after 0.2 mile. Stay on this road for c. 4 miles to reach Cruise Farm. Cairn MacNeilie, Cruise Cairn is in a field on the left. This field is boggy, so wellies are recommended.

November 19, 2022

Miscellaneous

Llyn Du, Y Rhinogydd
Cup and Ring Marks / Rock Art

Another example of hindsight being a wondrous thing...

To be fair, I was far too engaged with making it to the summit of Rhinog Fawr to have made a serious attempt to find this... even if I had have been aware. However, should anyone else choose to come this way, it would appear one must walk right past during the ascent.

GAT reckons:

“The feature.... was created on the upper face of a large angular natural block of stone, about 1.4m high and 2.4m long, part of an extensive boulder field of massive blocks deriving from the mountain side above... It consists of a cup and ring mark on a smooth, slightly sloping rock facing to the south... The mark is 150mm diameter overall. It has a gap at the top and possibly also at the bottom where, leading from its lower edge, is a natural weathered crack. This crack seems to have pre-dated the ring mark and was then deliberately incorporated in the design, providing a downslope ‘tail’. This is a common, but unexplained feature of the design of cup and ring marks found elsewhere, for example in Argyll, sometimes as incorporated natural cracks, sometimes as carved grooves (Morris 1977, 12-13). There are other natural weathered fissures on the rock face and it may be that these should also be considered as incorporated in the design. (Smith, 2013)“.

More supporting evidence (together with the clear alignment of the wondrous Ffridd Fron cist at SH63153238) of the prehistoric provenance of Rhinog Fawr’s summit cairn(s), perched high above to the south-east.

November 15, 2022

Miscellaneous

Rhinog Fawr, Y Rhinogydd
Cairn(s)

The 2,362ft top of Rhinog Fawr is crowned by a series of cairns, the western of which (bearing the OS trig station) appears – to these eyes – to represent a classic summit funerary monument constructed over irregular natural outcropping... in the manner of, say, Y Carneddau’s Foel Grach. Sadly, the cairn has been much vandalised by the gouging out of ‘idiot shelters’ by, well, idiots. Nevertheless, the prehistoric ancestry would appear pretty obvious, given the circumstances. The providence of the cairn standing to the east is less clear; however, on balance, the footprint is not consistent with what I would expect of a modern marker cairn. The small cairn at the eastern end of the plateau would appear a modern marker.

The Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT PRN 5506) has this to say:

“A cairn about 10m diameter with an arc of radially set stones on the NE, stands on the W end of the summit plateau of Rhinog Fawr. The modern trig point is set on the centre of the cairn.

Enhanced natural outcrop on summit of Rhinog Fawr – utilises exposed N-S oriented strata, infilling gaps and fissures, which appear as radial, edge-set slabs at locations NE and SW. Possible kerb/original structure of cairn survives best however on west and east sides where mixed constructional techniques are evident. The original form of the cairn is presumed to have been round but with a bias to oval on a N – S axis. The centre of the cairn is made up of exposed outcrop and is surmounted by a modern OS trig pillar. There are 3 modern walker’s shelters incorporated into the circumference. There are numerous smaller cairns scattered across the summit plateau on the north-east side. All appear to be modern in their present form (Smith 2001).”

November 12, 2022

Miscellaneous

Balchriston
Stone Fort / Dun

Directions to Balchriston Dun: Take the B7023 turn off the A77 on a roundabout on the W edge of Maybole. After 1.4 miles you reach the B7023/A719 junction. Continue straight on for c. 0.4 miles to reach Balchriston gatehouse on the right. Turn right down this narrow road, stay on it for 0.6 miles to reach a rough lay-by on the right, opposite a gateway at NS 25482 11177. My walking route can be seen on Balchriston Dun (go to Links).

Miscellaneous

Diddles Hill
Cairn(s)

Dumfries and Galloway Council has announced restrictions and road closures on the single-track road from Innermessan to New Luce via Penwhirn Dam. The road is being upgraded for the construction of a large windfarm. These restrictions are scheduled to run from November 14th, 2022 to Spring, 2023.

Miscellaneous

Diddles Hill
Cairn(s)

Directions to Diddles Hill Cairn: Take the A77 Ayr E out of Stranraer. After c. 2 miles continue past the A751 Dumfries junction for c. 0.3 mile. Take the right turn onto an unsigned single-track road. Stay on this road for c. 4.6 miles. Park in a lay-by on the left at NX 1244 6896, opposite a mound at Penwhirn Reservoir. Diddles Hill Cairn is c. 250 yards SE in rough moorland. My route can be followed on Diddles Hill Cairn (go to Links).

November 5, 2022

Miscellaneous

Finnarts Hill Enclosure
Causewayed Enclosure

Directions to Finnarts Hill Cairn: There is a minor crossroads on the A77 at Glenapp Church, c. 6 miles S from Ballantrae and 4 miles N of Cairnryan Take the unsigned road opposite Glenapp Church and turn immediately right onto a dead end at Glenapp Schoolhouse. Park up at NX 0743 7466 and follow the Ayrshire Coastal Path bearing right across the Water of App Bridge. Head SW and bear right up the ACP at NX 0671 7421. After c. 0.9 miles on this track there is a gateway at NX 05650 74224. Turn left over a stream, walk W up a fence line for c. 250 yards. Go through a gateway, head W for c. 100 yards to reach Finnarts Hill Enclosure, a rough circle c. 25 yards in diameter. Finnarts Hill Cairn is located c. 250 yards SW down the slope. It is a grassy cairn in heather, better defined than the enclosure. My route can be followed on Finnarts Hill Cairn. On your return by the reverse route if you head N for c. 400 yards from the gateway on the ACP you will find two low standing stones (listed as Finnarts Hill Standing Stones on TMA) W of the path.