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Miscellaneous Posts by GLADMAN

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Turners Hill (Round Barrow(s))

Driving north upon Seale Road, the traveller intent upon ascending Long Hill is alerted to the existence of this barrow cemetery - actually a rare 'triple bell barrow' (the only other example I can recall being the Advent Triple Barrow upon Bodmin Moor) - by the access drive to 'Three Barrows Place' to his/her left. Ask here if, like The Citizen Cairn, you'd much rather spread harmony than discord... since, in retrospect, methinks the multiple monument sits upon private land.

Although heavily overgrown, clearly this was - hey, still remains - a well-preserved, impressive site. Historic England has this to say:

"The monument includes a triple bell barrow situated on a low ridge in the Lower Greensand. It comprises three mounds in a slightly offset line running NNW-SSE and surrounded by a single ditch and outer bank. The northern mound is 10m in diameter and 0.8m high, the middle mound 16m in diameter and 1.8m high and the southern mound is 13m in diameter and 1m high. There is a hollow in the top of the central mound suggesting that it was once partially excavated. Around the mounds is a level platform, or berm, which is contained by a single ditch. This has become partially infilled over the years, the majority of it surviving as a buried feature; however, it can still be seen at ground level on the eastern side of the monument where it survives to 3m wide and 0.3m deep. Beyond the ditch are the remains of an outer bank 4.5-5m wide and 0.2m high which is also best preserved on the eastern side of the monument."

Note that the two bowl barrows upon Long Hill to the approx northwest are pretty substantial... so you'll want to see them, too. It'd be rude not to, while you're here.

Crooksbury Common (Round Barrow(s))

There are actually two bowl barrows here upon Long Hill (Crooksbury Hill is some way to the approx northwest): that to the northwest, substantial and reasonably well preserved; its companion to the south-east is a little less upstanding but still pretty voluminous. One assumes Rhiannon is referring to the excellent triple bell barrow upon Turners Hill located within woodland to the approx southeast? The siting and vibe are excellent, with sweeping views across Crooksbury Common to the south.

Historic England has the following to say:

"The monument includes two bowl barrows, aligned north-west to south-east, situated on a south-facing rise on the Lower Greensand. The northern barrow comprises a mound 22m in diameter and 2m high with a surrounding ditch from which material was quarried during the construction of the monument. This is no longer visible at ground level, having become infilled over the years, but survives as a buried feature c.3m wide. The second barrow, less than 20m to the south-east, has a mound 16m in diameter and 1.1m high with a slight central hollow suggesting that the barrow was once partially excavated. This too is surrounded by a quarry ditch which survives as a buried feature c.2.5m wide."

Access to the common is via an off-road parking area from Seale Road. Follow the track heading to your left, prior to veering uphill to the right.

Frensham Common (Round Barrow(s))

Four bowl barrows crest King's Ridge upon Frensham Common: a large, solitary monument to the north (SU85329 40783) with a trio to its immediate south (SU85340 40644).

Much to my chagrin, the common proved to be an overwhelmingly popular haunt for dog walkers, equestrians, mountain bikers and moronic motorbikers during Easter 2023... none of which, as you would no doubt expect in the Surrey Stockbroker Belt, appeared to have the slightest interest in visiting ancient heritage.

Ironically, however - and for all the wrong reasons - it would appear this was not always the case, a perusal of The Surrey Archaeological Society's website revealing the extent of serious past erosion by ignorant common users - damn them all to blazes! Sadly, this has necessitated the isolation of the monuments within fencelines, something I abhor, but understand in this instance... although a kissing gate would've been a welcome - and rather obvious - amenity to placate those venturing upon the common to use their brain. As it is I was able to access the triple alignment owing to damage to said fence... the latter something a pedestrian gate may well have prevented. But there you are - please bear this in mind should you choose to come.

Historic England has the following to note:

Northern:
"... a bowl barrow situated on the crest of a ridge in the Lower Greensand. The barrow mound has dimensions of 20m north-south by 23m east-west by 1.8m high. Surrounding the mound is a ditch from which material was quarried during the construction of the monument. This is no longer visible, having become infilled over the years, but survives as a buried feature c.3m wide."

Triple alignment:
"... three bowl barrows aligned north-south and situated on the crest of a ridge in the Lower Greensand. The northern and largest of the three barrows has a mound 30m in diameter and 2m high with a slight dip in the centre suggesting that it was once partially excavated. This mound is surrounded by a ditch from which material was quarried during the construction of the monument. Visible remains of this survive to the north and west of the mound as an earthwork 3m wide and 0.5m deep; elsewhere it survives as a buried feature. The central barrow has a mound 15m in diameter and 1.1m high. This too shows evidence of probable partial excavation and is also surrounded by a ditch still visible as a slight depression to the east and west of the mound. The southern barrow comprises a mound 18m in diameter and 1.2m high with a surrounding ditch 3m wide and 0.5m deep visible to the east and south."

Castlehill Wood, Godstone (Promontory Fort)

Located within 'private woodland' to the approx southeast of Godstone, near Leigh Place, this represents the substantial remains of an inland Iron Age promontory fort, the curving defensive cross bank still apparently in excess of 8ft high - to be honest, it looked taller.

Although there is no public access - arguably society should review the community obligations of any landowner in such a position? - a public footpath to the immediate east of the site does nonetheless allow a pretty good impression of what is clearly an impressive addition to Surrey's prehistoric story. OK, the noisy A22 does run immediately below, but there you are. Combine a visit with a viewing of Godstone's Bronze Age round barrows just over a mile distant and your time will surely be well spent.

The site is a scheduled ancient monument:

"The monument includes a promontory fort situated on a spur which projects to the west from a sandstone hill around 1.4km to the south east of Godstone. The promontory fort's defences were constructed across the neck of the spur and survive as a NNE-SSW aligned, approximately 110m long, curving bank around 15m wide and 2.6m high, flanked to the east by an outer ditch up to 15m wide and 1.4m deep. The eastern edge of the ditch has been destroyed by the construction of the modern A22 Godstone bypass during the mid-1980s, and this area is therefore not included in the scheduling. Access to the interior of the fort was provided by a simple gap at the south western end of the ramparts. Contemporary buildings, storage pits and associated structures and features will have covered much of the steeply-sided spur top, and traces of these can be expected to survive in the form of below ground archaeological features. During World War II, the monument was used as an aircraft observation post, represented by a small trench dug into the southern sector of the monument."

Refer: O'Connell, M, Poulton, R, 'Surrey Archaeological Collections' in An Excavation at Castle Hill, Godstone, , Vol. 74, (1983), 213-215

Gyrn Ddu (Cairn(s))

At 1,713ft Gyrn Ddu - together with its slightly lower neighbour Gyrn Goch - may well not feature upon the itineraries of those route-marching muppets who pigeonhole the Great Outdoors by the sole criterion of 'height' above Ordnance Datum... however, more fool them, I say. Particularly if one happens to possess a penchant for ancient upland cairns... a Citizen Cairn, you might say?

Now Gyrn Ddu has not one, but a trio of such enigmatic monuments perched upon its eastern (two) and western shoulders, all of which can be visited by way of a circular walk starting from the A499, below to the west. In addition, a number of ancient hut groupings can be seen along the way... hey, the former homes of the folks who erected the cairns back in the day, right? Makes sense to me.

Beware of the so-called 'experts' who may tell you this is an 'easy walk'. For sure, the logical anti-clockwise route from Rock Cottage, albeit a touch steep in places, may well be upon grass all the way to these two eastern cairns.... but any punter making the progression to the summit and subsequent descent to the fine western monument will encounter far rougher terrain more reminiscent of Y Rhinogydd. So watch those ankles...

The cairns upon this eastern shoulder are unfortunately bisected by parasitical drystone walls clearly sourced from the monuments, yet nevertheless remain pretty substantial: Coflein reckons both are c45ft in diameter, the southern somewhat higher nowadays (although whether there was originally such disparity is a moot point, given the damage). Interestingly, I noted another, smaller cairn immediately beyond the northern monument. Do we have a cemetery here?

Whatever, it is the utterly wondrous vistas towards the rest of Lleyn - Tre'r Ceiri and Mynydd Carnguwch taking centre stage - not to mention more-or-less the whole of Northern Snowdonia, which form la pièce de résistance of this place.

Coed Croes (Cairn(s))

Located between the mighty northern escarpment of Cadair Idris and Dolgellau, this well-preserved Bronze Age funerary cairn still possesses its former capstone (albeit somewhat the worse for wear) perched upon the rim.

I approached from the hamlet of Pandy Gader to the east, a public footpath negotiating the wondrous Afon Arran and the fields/woodland beyond to arrive at the farm at Coed Croes. As you would expect, I, er, got a bit confused at this point, so ensure you pack your map or blunder around like a muppet.

The monument occupies a fine, elevated position looking north to the great hillfort of Foel Offrwn and Rhobell Fawr upon the skyline. OK, the approach may be a tad 'fiddly' for my navigational skill set, but the tranquil vibe and excellent archaeology are easily worth such route-finding trifles...

Coflein doesn't have anything to say. However, GAT reckons the monument is:

"A grassed-over simple rounded cairn with a large hollow, the robbing pit, in the centre, at 3m x 2.5m & 1m deep.... Two large slabs each c.1m long lie alongside the robbing pit and could be cist cover slabs". [Smith, 2001]

The former local name for the site - 'Twll y crochan aur' ('pit of the golden cauldron') - might be attributed to the treasure-seeking former owner of Coed Croes farm... a certain Victorian by the name of Mr. Humphreys. [Dancer, A. M. , 1968, Journal of the Merionethshire Historical and Record Society].

Castell Llanaber (Hillfort)

Not a castle... but a much older Iron Age fortress overlooking Cardigan Bay, not far from the traditional seaside attractions of Barmouth upon Snowdonia's western coast.

Yeah, set within the scenic splendour of the rugged southern Rhinogydd, this hillfort looks - and indeed is - the real deal, particularly if viewed perched upon its crag from the north. Unlike me, however, you'll want to approach from the green track below to the south.... unless trademark Rhinog ankle-twisting boulders, camouflaged within copious heather, is your thing? Nah, thought as much.

OK, the enclosure is unfortunately bisected by a high drystone wall, another idiosyncratic feature of this wondrous mountain landscape; nevertheless, a significant volume of drystone defences still remains in situ. So, if you like your hillforts wild and uncompromising, yet not too far from civilisation, this one is for you.

Don't forget to drop in on the nearby - and chronically neglected - Bronze Age ring cairn upon Mynydd Llanaber while you're here.

Coflein notes:

Castell Llanaber is a sub-rectangular hillfort approximately 48m x 34m... and is crossed by a modern wall. The wall possibly masks the entrance. A rectangular structure approximately 10m square and set within the south-west angle is thought to be a later sheepfold." [J.Wiles, RCAHMW - 11/2/2004]

Mynydd Llanaber (Ring Cairn)

This massive Bronze Age 'Ring Cairn' - located in the southern foothills of Y Rhinogydd above Llanaber and blessed with a fine, sweeping view of Cardigan Bay - could have been a jewel in the prehistoric crown of this beautiful coastline. Could have.....

Sadly, it now serves as a dumping ground for field clearance detritus... a rusting bath, presumably placed here for animal husbandry purposes, highlighting a lack of respect for those pioneer farmers who worked this land millennia ago. But hey, it's not too late.

Thankfully, the well-preserved, wondrous hillfort Castell Llanaber is nearby to help restore the feelgood factor for those who do give a damn about Wales' heritage. As it is, the ring cairn's substantial circular footprint is nevertheless worth checking out in passing.

Coflein gives the monument's dimensions thus:

"A circular bank of turf-covered stones, 3.0m wide & 0.5m high, 20m overall diameter." [J.Wiles 04.11.04]

Llyn Du, Y Rhinogydd (Cup and Ring Marks / Rock Art)

Another example of hindsight being a wondrous thing...

To be fair, I was far too engaged with making it to the summit of Rhinog Fawr to have made a serious attempt to find this... even if I had have been aware. However, should anyone else choose to come this way, it would appear one must walk right past during the ascent.

GAT reckons:

"The feature.... was created on the upper face of a large angular natural block of stone, about 1.4m high and 2.4m long, part of an extensive boulder field of massive blocks deriving from the mountain side above... It consists of a cup and ring mark on a smooth, slightly sloping rock facing to the south... The mark is 150mm diameter overall. It has a gap at the top and possibly also at the bottom where, leading from its lower edge, is a natural weathered crack. This crack seems to have pre-dated the ring mark and was then deliberately incorporated in the design, providing a downslope 'tail’. This is a common, but unexplained feature of the design of cup and ring marks found elsewhere, for example in Argyll, sometimes as incorporated natural cracks, sometimes as carved grooves (Morris 1977, 12-13). There are other natural weathered fissures on the rock face and it may be that these should also be considered as incorporated in the design. (Smith, 2013)".

More supporting evidence (together with the clear alignment of the wondrous Ffridd Fron cist at SH63153238) of the prehistoric provenance of Rhinog Fawr's summit cairn(s), perched high above to the south-east.

Rhinog Fawr, Y Rhinogydd (Cairn(s))

The 2,362ft top of Rhinog Fawr is crowned by a series of cairns, the western of which (bearing the OS trig station) appears - to these eyes - to represent a classic summit funerary monument constructed over irregular natural outcropping... in the manner of, say, Y Carneddau's Foel Grach. Sadly, the cairn has been much vandalised by the gouging out of 'idiot shelters' by, well, idiots. Nevertheless, the prehistoric ancestry would appear pretty obvious, given the circumstances. The providence of the cairn standing to the east is less clear; however, on balance, the footprint is not consistent with what I would expect of a modern marker cairn. The small cairn at the eastern end of the plateau would appear a modern marker.

The Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT PRN 5506) has this to say:

"A cairn about 10m diameter with an arc of radially set stones on the NE, stands on the W end of the summit plateau of Rhinog Fawr. The modern trig point is set on the centre of the cairn.

Enhanced natural outcrop on summit of Rhinog Fawr - utilises exposed N-S oriented strata, infilling gaps and fissures, which appear as radial, edge-set slabs at locations NE and SW. Possible kerb/original structure of cairn survives best however on west and east sides where mixed constructional techniques are evident. The original form of the cairn is presumed to have been round but with a bias to oval on a N - S axis. The centre of the cairn is made up of exposed outcrop and is surmounted by a modern OS trig pillar. There are 3 modern walker's shelters incorporated into the circumference. There are numerous smaller cairns scattered across the summit plateau on the north-east side. All appear to be modern in their present form (Smith 2001)."

Gyrn Ddu cairn (Cairn(s))

Set upon the western shoulder of Gyrn Ddu, far below the cairn-less summit, this is by far the best preserved of the trio of cairns in the locale of Gyrn Ddu. Such is the 'Schiehallion-esque' out-and-out rockiness of the summit itself that surely no artificial monument was thought necessary, even if practical?

Of similar diameter (c43ft) to the pair of monuments to the east (c45ft), this cairn, however, happily escaped the attention of ignorant muppets with a tendency to bisect scheduled ancient monuments with dry stone walls. Aside from a little disturbance on top, the cairn appears more-or-less inviolate.

The outlook, particularly westward towards the dramatic trident profile of Yr Eifl, is magnificent, albeit naturally not as far-reaching as the sweeping vista from the summit. The obvious answer - if you are able - is to sample both by beginning your expedition with an ascent of the old quarry inclines to Pen-y-Bwlch from the west, then scrambling up the steep southern flank of the eastern top... prior to circling around to the summit to take it all in. Not an expedition to be underestimated owing to the terrain underfoot descending back to Pen-y-Bwlch, but nonetheless well worth the effort.

Hut Group West of Gyrn Ddu (Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork)

Located below and to the west of the summit crags of Gyrn Ddu, according to CADW's scheduling this settlement consists of:

"...the remains of a hut group, high on open hillside. Hut 1 is noticeably larger than Hut 4, (internal diameters approx. 4 m and 3 m respectively). Hut 3 (int. diam. approx. 2.2 m) has been rebuilt as a sheep shelter but this has mostly collapsed again. Hut 2 is only approx. 2 m in internal diameter. The paddock to the SW has been cleared of stone. There are other possible huts and walls in the flat area surrounding the site."

The site can be included within a circular exploration of Gyrn Ddu from the west... note that the mountain's fine western cairn lies close by.

Pen-y-Bwlch (Gyrn Ddu) (Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork)

Encountered during an ascent of Gyrn Ddu from the west, this is easy to misinterpret owing to the continuity of human settlement up here... so many drystone walls!

The wondrous Mr Driver from Coflein notes:

"Remains of hut circle settlement with circular and rectangular structures, set admidst the scree slopes of Gyrn Ddu". [T. Driver, RCAHMW, 9th Jan 2009]

Ffridd Fron, Y Rhinogydd (Kerbed Cairn)

Every now and then The Citizen Cairn has to confess to being flabbergasted as to how such exquisitely tangible reminders of our Prehistoric forebears can remain so off the radar of this hi-tech world... hey, when military satellites can recognise a face from orbit, how can it be that this largely intact kerbed cairn overlooking the popular Cwm Bychan does not appear upon OS mapping... nor feature upon Coflein records? Indeed, the monument was apparently only scheduled by CADW in 2003...

Yeah, this is indeed the 'real deal', perfectly complementing the equally fabulous - yet far more well known - Bryn Cader Faner to northeast and Rhyd-yr-Eirin to approx southwest... not to mention the excellent Moel Goedog 'circles. The location is, if anything, even better than its illustrious neighbours... magnificently 'rugged' with Rhinog Fawr itself looming to the approx southeast (the cairn's fine cist is aligned upon the mountain's summit cairns), the starkly brutal rock strata of the northern Rhinogydd to the east.... a terrain to take lightly at your peril.

Ironically, a sojourn at such an obscure monument as this is achieved without an excess of effort: a stroll up the access track to Cwm-mawr farm, followed by a short diversion (through an open field gate) from the footpath climbing the hillside beyond. I guess one just has to know it's there, eh? Well, now you do.

Cefn Coch, Y Rhinogydd (Round Cairn)

Located in a wondrous position upon the southeast flank of Y Garn, the easternmost 2,000ft summit of the uncompromising Y Rhinogydd, this Bronze Age round cairn still contains the remains of a rectangular stone coffin - or cist - within its centre, together with a large kerb stone or two.

The setting is indeed spectacular, the hills rising across the valley of the Afon Mawddach crowned by the Iron Age hillforts of Foel Offrwm and Foel Faner, both well worth a visit in their own right. Gold has been found in these hills - no, really - yet, to my mind at least, this tangible reminder of past local society is worth far more than mere untarnishable metal?

Reached by a forestry track from the head of the minor dead-end road ascending Cwm Yr Wnin from Llanelltyd, the terrain hereabouts is pretty easy going by the standard of the Rhinogs. Nonetheless, the sense of 'exposure'... of being perched above the everyday world, aloof from its petty foibles... is palpable, making this a great choice to hang out when the energy reserves are not at their highest, perhaps?

Coflein reckons:

"A round cairn (ca 7.5m in diameter) with an approximately rectangular slab sided central cist (0.2 x 0.4m). The whole is sited prominently on a hilltop with wide views. The cairn itself appears to have been robbed, probably for material used to build the large enclosure nearby. The cist would have been used for a crouched burial." [John Latham, RCAHMW, 12 Oct 2010].

Dinas Ty-Du (Hillfort)

Occupying a very naturally defensive position overlooking Llanberis, to the immediate northwest of The Snowdon Massif at the very heart of Gwynedd, this small hill fort has been badly treated by successive landowners, copious dry stone walling, supplemented by barbed wire, detracting from what remains of the Iron Age defences.

Furthermore, the grandstand vista towards the aforementioned Yr Wydffa and cohorts notwithstanding, the outlook features a surfeit of what apologists might term 'industrial heritage', the slate quarries ravaging the western flank of Elidir Fawr across Llanberis Pass truly sufficient to make one weep.

Nevertheless, I reckon a visit here is worthwhile, particularly when riding out storm fronts upon an inclement Autumnal morning to catch rainbows arcing across the cwm. As they say, you have to be 'in it to win it', right? Note a well-preserved section of original walling to the north...

Garn Wen, Mynydd Bach (North) (Cairn(s))

Approaching from the little Bronze Age cairn cemetery overlooking Tan-yr-Esgair to the south.... this large 'White Cairn' offers no hint of what lies within: a well-preserved stone coffin, or 'cist'. What is far more obvious is that there are expansive views to be had here, the locale celebrated for producing a number of poets in its time - to judge by a nearby monument to the same. Hey, spend some time here and The Citizen Cairn wouldn't be surprised if you managed to compose a few lines of verse yourself?

There is another larger, yet 'grassed over' cairn some way to the north which might also possess the scant remains of a cist? Plus another above Ffynnon Drewi (SN61906741) below to the approx south-east. Suffice to say, there's a lot going on here.

Gurnos (Ring Cairn)

Gurnos, a southern spur of Gorllwyn - second highest point of the Cwmdeuddwr Hills - stands sentinel overlooking Cwm Dulas. As such, it is a fine viewpoint, not least looking towards the Old Red Sandstone Escarpment of South Wales ranged upon the horizon.... although it has to be said the view down into the cwm itself is pretty special, too.
The high plateau possesses more than just topographical splendour, however: a Bronze Age ring cairn located at SN9229057867 is well worth seeking out by those Citizens Cairn revelling in the off-the-beaten track.

I approached from the approx east - initially along a bridleway leaving the minor road near Ty Nant farm - heading between Wennallt and Lan Fawr, prior to veering westward and fording the wondrous Nant Cyfyng. Sounds simple enough, right? Except the monument wasn't where I assumed it would be (it does not appear upon OS mapping), having instead been erected by its Bronze Age architects to command a different aspect and thus completely ignore said fabulous views of Cwm Dulas. Serves me right for making assumptions. Suffice to say, I got there in the end.

Hey, if your map reading truly is as bad as mine and you wish to take the direct route, look out for a 'hump' above to your right while fording the tumbling Nant Cyfyng. The cairn is located to the right of this, not upon the plateau beyond as I had assumed. Although to be fair, any lover of the Welsh landscape will want to go walkabout and take in the fabulous views, regardless.

Should you not have already had the pleasure of visiting Gorllwyn's great summit cairns looming above to the north, a continuation from here would be one way of doing it. Just be sure you have enough energy in the tank, so to speak. And keep an eye on the cloud base since this is not somewhere to take chances in hill fog. Best return another day, if in doubt.

Banc y Darren (Round Cairn)

A pretty significant Bronze Age cairn located within the ramparts of Darren Camp Hillfort... so either can be viewed as a bonus site, depending upon your point of view. Yeah, I quite literally had no idea this was here prior to noticing it within the interior of the enclosure. In fact, the archaeologists reckon there may possibly be another here, something only excavation would confirm, I guess?

As per the hillfort, the cairn boasts fabulous panoramic views for relatively limited effort expended - although I was wearing waterproofs owing to the threat of thunderstorms, this making the going a little harder.

Interestingly, perhaps, Coflein notes that the cairn is the site of a relatively recent cremation burial (according to a local villager). Still relevant after millennia, then?

Carn Bwlch Corog (Round Cairn)

Bwlch Corog is a 1,266ft outlier of Pumlumon (despite the somewhat misleading name suggesting 'mountain pass') which, together with its more imposing neighbour, Pen Carreg Gop, overlooks the north-eastern aspect of Cwm Einion... Ceredigion's celebrated 'Artists Valley'. Hey, for once the moniker checks out, too, the locale having received formative visits from one JMW Turner and, much more recently, being home to a certain Mr Plant who (apparently) was inspired to write 'Stairway to Heaven' here with some other bloke amongst the ancient tilio-acerion native woodland. Just so you know.

The cwm is indeed aesthetically pleasing, the cascading Afon Einion engaging in all manner of gymnastics within the dense foliage. This was The Citizen Cairn's first venture into this artistic realm, having viewed it from the heights of Foel Goch and Esgair Foel-ddu to the southwest previously, both crowned by prehistoric cairns. I park beside Badge Lodge and head along a forestry track to the isolated farm of Pemprys to the northeast, this name-checking the river flowing through the isolated cwm.

Heading east now, exchanging waves with the cheery, turban-wearing occupant, I cross a tributary before beginning what in the end proves a very tiring ascent to the summit. Yeah, this is Mid Wales, blanket bog and purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea) ensuring the going is very, very difficult indeed and making a mockery of the 'limited height gain'. Not before time, I arrive at the small Bronze Age round cairn not quite at the summit.

Occasional thundery showers rake me with their aqueous content... but this is nonetheless a good place to be. To the west rises the aforementioned Pen Carreg Gop, perhaps surmounted by another such monument not marked on my map? I hadn't intended to visit; however, somehow the undertaking now becomes an imperative...
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Hi, I'm Robert ... with a passion for attempting to understand the lives of the pioneering prehistoric inhabitants of these British Isles, seeking out the remains they left behind in order to ask myself "why here ... why did it matter so... why such commitment?".. Needless to say, I'm still pondering such intangibles. Just as an empty house appears to retain echoes of past humanity... so does the stone circle, the chambered cairn, the long barrow and the mountain-top funerary cairn. Visiting them, I think, helps engender a certain 'connection' with this land of ours, with ourselves - our past, our present and our future; a reference point for those of us perhaps struggling to make sense of this so-called 'computer world' Kraftwerk warned us was a'coming in 1981.... danke, mein herren. And thanks also to those who picked up their gauntlet and ran with it.

Should my posts provide inspiration for others to venture into the Great Outdoors, please bear in mind the hills and mountains of these Isles are unpredictable, potentially dangerous places. Ensure you have map/compass/waterproofs... and learn how to use them. It could save your life. Weather conditions can change bewilderingly quickly - even in high summer - so don't get caught out. Please engage with landowners wherever possible... being a cartoon 'class warrior' might be jolly good fun for the narcissistic 'rebel'... but not for those who may choose to follow.

Joni Mitchell - 'Don't it always seem to go; That you don't know what you've got 'til it's gone?'

George Orwell - 'The essence of being human is that one does not seek perfection.'

Martin Gore - 'Like a pawn
On the eternal board
Who’s never quite sure
What he’s moved towards
I walk blindly on'...

Truman Capote - 'Failure is the condiment that gives success its flavour.'

Oscar Wilde - 'The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible.'

John Lydon - 'It is a reward to be chastised by the ignorant.'

Winston Churchill - '“The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see.” [Perhaps one day people may finally grasp the reality that, for all his many faults, Churchill is the reason we are currently able to proffer personal views today that are not dictated by a totalitarian state.]

Charles Bukowski - “The problem with the world is that the intelligent people are full of doubts, while the stupid ones are full of confidence.”

Ultravox - 'Taking shelter by the standing stones
Miles from all that moves....'

Catch site videos from the Citizen Cairn at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFk6mRD0QCGTnUXRBlSJ44w

My TMA Content: