Rhiannon

Cornwall has lost a county figure in the death, at the age of 84, of Miss Lydia Harris Borlase, of Castle Horneck, Penzance. Miss Borlase was a member of one of the oldest families in Cornwall, and was connected with other county families. ... For a long period the family seat was at Pendeen Manor. Later, Castle Horneck, near Penzance, became the family home. ... One of its features is a secret tunnel which led from an old cellar to an earthwork near Lesingey Round by the St Just road. Few local people know of the existence of this subterranean passage. The reason for its construction is apparently unknown. ...

From the Western Morning News, 18th April 1939.

I do kind of wonder if this isn’t confused, as there is of course the Fogou at Pendeen. But since Lesingey Round gets a namecheck, perhaps it isn’t. Perhaps all one’s country houses should have an underground tunnel to the nearest ancient landscape feature of note.

Speaking of Miss Borlase, I found another article mentioning both her and the Round, from the Cornish Telegraph of the 3rd of August 1899: “The monthly excursion of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society took place on Friday, the spot chosen being Lesingey Round. ... About seventy-five years ago the owner of the land planted trees on the spot, thus making it difficult for the antiquary to prosecute his researches. ... After admiring the beautiful and varied view afforded from the “Fort”, the excursionists made tracks for the charming grounds of Castle Horneck, where, through the kindness of the Misses Borlase, the party found agreeable and welcome entertainment in the shape of refreshments, an ever popular feature after the serious business of antiquarian research.

Ho or Howe Stone, Balcunnin.
There is a very large stone called the ‘Ho or Howe Stone’ in a field near Balcunnin crossroads. One going along the main road from Lusk to Skerries can view the ‘Ho stone’ in the field on the right hand side of the road. It is only a distance of twenty yards from the Balcunnin Cross Roads. It is about five feet in height and must weigh about 3 or 4 tons in weight. There is a smaller stone near it but whether this was broken from the original stone it would be difficult to state.

This ‘Ho stone’ resembles the Cromlech stones which are to be seen in many parts of Ireland but there is no visible inscription on it. Some say that it was part of Baldungan Castle that was destroyed in the rebellion of 1641 but this would belie the suggestion that the castle was destoryed by Cromwell from the sea as it is situated on the same road as Cromwell’s Bush. If Cromwell destroyed Baldungan Castle from Loughshinny by cannon fire it is very unlikely that a mass of stone weighing some tons could be blown for such a distances, as it is almost a half mile from the site of the castle.

Local tradition states that it covers the entrance to a cavern or passage which leads to Baldungan Castle but no effort has ever been made to prove this assertion. The defenders of the Castle are supposed to have retracted into this passage with their valuables and when the Castle was levelled the passage is supposed to have caved in on them. There seems to be no entrance from Baldungan Castle at present to this supposed passage, but the entrance may have been choked by falling debris which still remains concealing the entrance.

Collected from Mr Caffrey, Balcunnin, Skerries, by Mr Byrne, NT Milverton, Skerries.

From the 1930s Schools Collection of folklore, online at Duchas.ie.

The Old Grave in the Kill of the Grange.

On the entrance of the old grave yard of the old Kill of the Grange you will see an old grave, which has a legend attached to it. A servant lady who was a Catholic worked for a Protestant people and soon forgot her religion. One morning she went to Holy Communion and after receiving she took the Holy Sacrament from her mouth and put it into her pocket. When she reached home, she cut it with a knife and it started to bleed. Six months later she died a most agonising death. At her funeral the hearse stopped at the gate and would not go any further so they had to bury her at the gate.

I’d like to hazard that this story (a.k.a. terrifying threat to children to frighten them into being obedient serious Catholics) refers to the stone? What do you think, Ryaner? It was collected and written down in the 1930s as part of the Schools’ Collection of folklore (now to be seen at Duchas.ie.

An ancient standing stone of a slab form, about 12 or 13 feet high, 4 broad and about 10 inches in thickness. The Country tradition is, that it is a momento over the ashes of some ancient hero.

If you read that in 21st century English you get the impression the writer wasn’t that interested, complete with shrug. But perhaps it’s literally what the country people told him, in which case fair enough. Recorded in the Argyll Ordance Survey Name Books (1868-78).

Maun’s Stone.
Applies to a large stone of a roundish shape, built on an old fence, forming a side of the public road leading from New Deer to Brucklay Castle. Tradition asserts that it has been the putting stone of a Giant in ancient times. There are several holes in the stone, said to be the finger marks of the Giant.

From the Aberdeenshire Ordnance Survey Name Book, vol. 65 (1865-71). A map of the time shows it here, though Scotland’s Rock Art Project visited in 2018 (according to the details on Canmore) and only found a hawthorn hedge and some barbed wire. One can only hope that it’s still in the bank somewhere? Perhaps the finger marks are cup marks.

Wormy Hillock.
This is an exiguous or small mound, situated at the Southern base of the Hill of Finglenny, and overlooking the Ellachie Burn. Tradition hath it that a Hydra, which sprung, not from the Swamps of Lund as some people think, but from the flats of Morayshire, and among other notable exploids bit its way through Balloch Hill, and thus opened up the passage of “Glacks of Balloch,” from Mortlach to Cabrach.

From what Hercules it received its death wound, or by what destiny this monster met its fate, on the Ellachie Burn, tradition saith not, but merely that here the monster’s course was arrested. A worm of the same genus named the Python, perished by Apollo’s shafts.

I don’t know how he knew it was in the same genus but it was an opportunity to show off a bit of classical education I suppose. Anyway, then there’s some notes in a different hand (James McDonald), and you can’t say he didn’t look into it properly, having ‘dug all over the place’. But it’s interesting if the henge was indeed an adaptation of an naturally existing landscape feature.

“Note: I examined this hillock and believe it is simply a “round” for the protection of a few sheep during snow storms. It has been originally a naturally formed Knoll and a deep trench has been dug out round the base, the material being used to form the circular dyke. On digging here and there over the centre mound there was no evidence of the ground ever having been disturbed. It is no doubt possible that an urn containing bones was deposited here but I dug pits all over the place and found nothing but a natural layer of gravel. A fort it never could have been. An enemy might have climbed the hill beside it and pelted the ‘garrison’ with stones until they were glad to flee for their lives. I would leave the name Wormy Hillock and cut out tumulus. I believe in the Dragon story but not about the Danes!”

(The ‘tumulus’ actually seems to refer to somewhere else nearby, maybe the cairn near Rhynie).

From the Aberdeenshire Ordnance Survey Name Books (1865-1), volume 78.

Mr Hunter says there is an old story about [the Bridge of Tillypestle] being the scene of a fight between two giants. Mr Hunter says they killed each other and were buried on two hills close by, one on Knapperty Hill, and the other on Cairndale hill, and he says that two cairns were erected to commemorate the affair. The cairn on Knapperty Hill is still to be seen but Cairndale Hill can boast of but slight traces of the cairn that stood on it.

From the Aberdeenshire Ordnance Survey Name Books (1865-71).

Tillypestle Bridge is about half way between Knapperty Hill (the site of Auchmachar cairn and circle) and Cairndale hill. The large cairn on Cairndale Hill “was removed by the farmer at Coilsmore, for the purpose of building dykes on this farm.”

This magical sounding spot is on the slopes of Beinn Lora above the cairn, less than half a mile away. So I thought you might like to hear about it. On the 1870s map it seems to be at NM 91892 37029.

It’s recorded in the Ordnance Survey Name Books for Argyll, collected 1868-78 (you can see the nice handwritten entry online at Scotlands Places.)

There’s Tobar Bial na Buaidh, the well of the virtuous water: “a small spring on the hill side to the north of Achnacreemore. It was much frequented in old times, even in the memory of some yet living, on account of the supposed virtues of its waters in curing disease.”

And Craobh Bial na Buaidh, the tree of the virtuous water: “a tree which stands near the above well. In the trunk of this tree there is a large hollow into which it was considered necessary for any person either drinking or taking away any of the water of the well to deposit something lest they should incur the displeasure of the spirit who was supposed to keep watch over it (the well).”

At Cultoquhey there is a small camp, in which urns and ashes have been dug up, and this, probably, was connected with the great camp at Fendoch. Tradition says that here Cmohal Cult, the father of Fingal, fought with the Romans and lost the battle.

From the Strathearn Herald, 13th May 1933. This is kind of ambiguously worded? The father of Fingal would naturally be found at an Iron Age fort like Cultoquhey. (The camp at Fendoch is Roman).

Queries. 11. Holed Stone at Claverton Down.
In the field called Bushey Norwood, on Claverton Down, is an upright stone with a hole in it. As this has been and may be again taken for a holed stone of prehistoric origin, such as the Cornish Men-an-Tol and others of like nature, it may be well to know its origin. The hole in the stone is obviously due to the limestone weathering when the stone was recumbent on its bed. I have heard two accounts of its origin, firstly that it was erected to commemorate the fatal duel between Viscount du Barri and Count de Rice, and more prosately that it commemorates a favourite horse. Can anyone give accurate information on this point? – A.T.W., Monkton Combe. (Bath Chronicle, 1st July 1933.)

Some years ago I asked a friend the history of this stone, and was told that it was a rubbing post for horses or cattle. They were tethered to it – a rope being passed through a hole in the stone, and that such stones were not uncommon. I do not know if this is correct. M.A., Bath. (Bath Chronicle, 29th July 1933)

Mr Gerald Grey writes, “I know the stone of old. There were many like it when first I knew Bushey Norwood. They were lying on the surface. The late squire, Mr Henry Duncan Skrine, had this particular stone raised upright to mark the spot where he had one or two favourite horses buried. The rest of the stones were used in the Bath Botanical Gardens and the Clifton Zoo for making rockeries. The site of the Du Barri duel was on the boundary of Claverton and Hampton Downs [...]” – A.T.W., Monkton Combe. (Bath Chronicle, 5th August 1933)

Like all such exchanges things get shirty after a bit, and on the 12th August K.E.S from Exmouth writes to say everyone’s wrong (“The response to the inquiry for exact information has been far from exact”). I would type it all out but I didn’t like his righteous tone. “There can be little doubt that these stones were connected with the religious rites of Ancient Britons, and they were probably deliberately cast down either in military attack or to end, by forcible means, the religious practices of the Priests of the Sun.”

Perhaps this is sheer poppycock (after all, it was published in the Silly Season in the Daily Mail, and does read rather like fiction). But it surely captures the romance of such an area. And it’d be fun to think it were a true experience. I notice it’s peculiarly geographically specific for just a story. And personally, I’d be in an altered state fit to hallucinate if I’d just hiked up a hill.

Scottish ‘wraith’ stories are perhaps a little played out, writes Mr James A. Pickop, to the editor of the London ‘Daily Mail,’ but I cannot refrain from sending you an account of my extraordinary experience during the past week in the Highlands, in the hope that some of your readers can throw some light on the matter.

During the course of a short walking tour in the Highalnds I arrived on the evening of Thursday, August 18, on the road between Ardfern and Ford, in the valley of the River Barbreck (Argyllshire). Though I wished to get to Ford by nightfall, the beauty of the sunset enticed me to mount a hill on the left of the road overlooking the grounds of --- House and commanding a splendid view of the loch (Craignish) and islands.

Just before I reached the summit I was startled to see a figure on a rock above me. I had been looking straight before me and could not imagine how I had escaped seeing the man or woman approach. On drawing nearer I saw the figure to be that of a very tall girl. She wore apparently a short skirt and a plaid or golf cape of some darkish brown or green tartan. Her long hair was blowing wildly round a face the features of which I was not near enough to remark, but which I could see to be of extraordinary whiteness. She appeared at first as though she neither heard nor saw me; the next moment she beckoned to me wildly, ran to the rock’s edge, and was gone.

I ran to the spot and looked over. There was hardly cover for a rabbit on the hillside, which sloped extremely steeply to the woods round --- House. I was so bewildered by the swiftness of her disappearance that it was some minutes before I decided that I must investigate the matter more fully. I descended the hill, calling all the time, and finally went through the wood at the foot to --- House to inquire if any of the house party had lost their way or been hurt on the hill.

On inquiry I found that --- House is at present let to an eminent London physician. Upon my inquiry he became exceedingly interested, and told me that several of his house party had been much disturbed by the sight of this same figure, a tall girl. I was introduced to a sufficiently typical and phlegmatic young Englishman, who gave me very tersely what was in all respects a replica of my own experience, except that in his case the figure had simply run a few paces downhill and then vanished into thin air. He could offer no explanation, and added that he and others in the party had heard cries which seemed to be those of pain or anger on the summit of this hill.

Another member of the party had seen the figure of a tall pale woman nearer the house, and had been much startled. There are other families of English tenants near by in lodges on the Barbreck who have seen the figure, but I have not heard their account. Many legends are connected with this valley, and the ghillies and shepherds have, I hear, many circumstantial stories of the ‘hooded maiden of Barbreck.’ Time alone forbade me from searching the valley for further evidence.

From inquiries made by the --- House party and others it is made perfectly certain that no girl in the very least answering to this description lives in the scattered community of this thinly-populated district. I may add that I have never before had any occult or psychic experience whatever.

As reprinted in the Grimsby Daily Telegraph, 27th August 1910.

At the northern extremity of the island, on the top of a hill, there is a circular heap of stones, called Carn-na-faire, or Watch Cairn, 53 feet diameter. It seems to have been a place of some strength, and intended, as the name implies, to give the alarm in case of an invasion, for it commands a very extensive view of the sea from S.W. by N. to S.E.

From volume 7 of the New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845).

Norton Bavant. ... The village lies at the foot of a remarkable old British encampment known as Scratchbury, one of the finest, largest, and best preserved of the many in this neighbourhood. Leading up the encampment is what is known as “The Nuns’ Path,” and it is stated that a nunnery formerly existed near Scratchbury, at a place called Middleton, which forms part of Norton Bavant Parish.

The Warminster Herald, 12th August 1882.

Heytesbury. Independent Sunday School. On Whit-Sunday the anniversary in connection with this school was held. [...] On Whit-Monday the children assembled at the schoolrooms in the morning, and from thence paraded the principal streets headed by the Heytesbury Amateur Fife and Drum Band. Divine service was held, after which they marched through the town again and then dispersed till the afternoon when they came to the schools and had plum cake and tea. Then they went on Cotley Hill, where hearty games was indulged in till dusk, when they sang a few hymns and separated, being highly pleased with the day’s outing.

Wiltshire Times, 22nd May 1880.

Congregational Sunday Schools. On Wednesday the scholars of these Sunday Schools had an outing to Cotley Hill, where various amusements were indulged in and refreshments provided. The Heytesbury Brass Band, under Mr. T. Cross’s leadership, was in attendance, and played a capital selection of music. The outing, it will be remembered, was postponed from Whit Monday, on account of the inclemency of the weather.

Warminster and Westbury Journal, 20th June 1885.

In addition to being a good spot for musical outings, twenty years earlier everyone ended up after the celebrations for the marriage of the Prince of Wales. There was a distribution of money from Lord Heytesbury, a parade with a fife and drum band, and the children were ‘bountifully regaled with tea, cake and oranges in the National School-room’.

There was also a bonfire on Cotley Hill (famed by antiquarians), near the large barrow which the Romans are supposed to have used as an exploring post. From this elevated spot, which commands a most extensive view, as many as twenty-four bonfires were seen lighting up the distant hills on the night of this joyous day.

Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 14th March 1863.

...It is interesting to find that a close connection existed between Colonsay and Oronsay and Dublin, in this way, that Aud or Audna, who was the Queen of Olaf the White, lived at Dun Uragaig on the north-west side of Colonsay, along with her son Thorstein the Red. Aud was known as the richest woman in the world, and later she proceeded out to Iceland, and founded a colony at Hvamm Firth. Aud is a very great personage indeed in the Icelandic Sagas. I would refer your inquirer to Grieve’s “Oronsay and Colonsay,” in 2 volumes...
From Mr W.H. Milligan, Carnlough.

A correspondent in the ‘Northern Whig’, 16th October 1924.

On the top of “Hedgehope,” the round-headed hill that is neighbour to Cheviot, there is a hollow in an incised stone, known as the “Bluidy Trough,” on account of the colour given to the water by the orange-red moss or lichen covering the stone. It is lucky to make a wish here, and drop in a crooked pin – a great number can be seen clearly, lying at the bottom of the hollow, in the water.
- Contributed by Mr T--, Belford, Northumberland, estate agent.

This from the Northumberland ‘County Folk-Lore’, collected by M.C. Balfour (1904). Perhaps the colour might be down to that red coloured algae you get in bird baths sometimes?

From the Aberdeenshire Ordnance Survey Name Books (1865-71).

This name is given to a standing stone 7 chains south west of Roddentree. There seems to have been a stone circle as other stones are beside this one, but are deeply imbedded in the earth. Many years ago the word ‘Cummer’ was applied to the Mistress of the house, latterly the meaning changed to ‘a worthless woman’. There are traces of a house near this stone which was inhabited by an old woman, many years ago. Hence the name.

I had a look in the Oxford English Dictionary and it has various versions of this Scottish word: a godmother, a female companion, a gossip, or a familiarly-applied word for a woman “with various local specific applications, e.g. young woman, lass, girl, witch, wise-woman, midwife, etc.” (Nothing particularly derogatory unless you mean it that way I suppose).

From the Ordnance Survey Name Books, which you can look at courtesy of the Scotlands Places website. This is from the Forfarshire book, recorded 1857-1861.

Hare Cairn. A prominent knoll forming the highest point of the ‘Hill of Stracathro’. There is a large remarkable stone on the top of it, which is said to have been the spot where the standard of either of the leaders was planted in the battle which took place here in 1452 [...]

After the murder of Douglas, by James 2nd, in 1452, the Earl of Crawford summoned his vassals throughout Angus, with the intention of joining the army of Douglas’ brother, who had risen to revenge his death – to march against the King’s forces. The King, desirous to cut off the communication between the armies of Douglas and Crawford, commanded the Earl of Huntly, whom he had appointed Lieutenant General, to march southwards, while he himself led a powerful army to the north, for the purpose of joining him. Crawford, equally anxious to check Huntly’s progress, met him about 10 miles from his (Crawford’s) own castle, at the ‘Hare Cairn’, about two miles northeast of the city of Brechin, on the 1st of May 1452, when a battle took place in which the valour displayed by Crawford’s party was so great that the battle had in all probability been decided in their favour, had not Collace, the laird of Balnamoon – who was offended at Crawford for refusing to comply with some demands made by him on the field – left his side, with three hundred followers, and joined the ranks of Huntly, which before long decided the battle in favour of the royalists.

The farm on which the battle was fought is still called ‘Huntlyhill’. If ever (as Mr Jarvise states) the names of Earl Beardie’s or Huntly’s stone were known to the stone on the ‘Hare Cairn’ they are now entirely forgotten.

Sir James Campbell, the proprietor, and his park keeper Alexander Howie, a very old man (who remembers it) informs me that there was a large artificial cairn of stones at this place, and that the present large monolith has been tumbled from the top of the beacon which it surmounted. The stones had become scattered in Sir James’ time and hence were removed.
J.B. Lt. Col.

You’ve got to be pretty pissed off (or just like fighting and not care who you’re fighting for) to switch sides so easily?

There is a cute little sketch of the stone on the first page.