Chance

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

Long Barrow at SP 027118. The remains of a turf-covered, long barrow situated upon the top of a ridge with a gently south-facing slope, at SP 02671180.the barrow, constructed of limestone, is orientated almost due north-south and measures 41.0m in length and from 10.0 m in width at the southern end to 16.0m at the northern end. In height it increases, south to north, from 0.6m to 1.2m. The mound has been cut away at the centre for a distance of 9.0m, thus isolating the ends, and the
whole site has been reduced and spread by the plough. There are no visible remains of side ditches. Surveyed at 1:2500 on AM. (2)
A Neolithic long barrow which has been previously recorded and surveyed is visible on aerial photographs of 1946 and 2006 in the north-western corner of the field adjacent to The Grove. All that remains of the long barrow are two small mounds, representing either end of the original north to south aligned mound. This feature was mapped from aerial photographs as part of The Cotswold Hills NMP project.
The area covered by the long barrow remains is centred at SP 0267 1179, and measures approximately 42m north to south and a maximum of 18m east to west. The oblong remains of the northern end of the barrow measure approximately 22m north to south and 18m east to west. There is a gap of approximately 10m before the remains of the southern end of the barrow, which is a circular mound measuring approximately 10m in diameter (3-4).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

81989761(1) A long barrow, aligned NE/SW, 170 ft long, 75ft wide and 3 ft high, at its NE (higher) end. (1) Listed but unrecorded. (2-3) ST 81989761 Ploughed-down long barrow 1.0m high. Surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
The long barrow referred to above (1-4) is visible as a soilmark and an earthwork on aerial photographs viewed as part of The Cotswold Hills NMP survey. The barrow has been much ploughed-down and is therefore only visible as a slight earthwork. The barrow is about 47m in length and about 15m wide; no parallel ditches were visible. (3;5)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SP 06711227 Wood Barrow (NAT) Long Barrow (NR) Long barrow known as “Wood Barrow”, 210ft long by 2 1/2ft high, aligned N/S. A large standing stone on it was moved before 1779 to expose many human bones lying near the top of the barrow. (2-4)
“The almost completely destroyed Wood Barrow has an oval mound at its northern extremity, still of sufficient size to repay investigation”. (5)
‘Wood Barrow’ (name unconfirmed) has been almost completely ploughed out. It is situated upon the top of a ridge with a gentle slope to the east and is orientated NNE-SSW. It measures 65.0m in length and in width from 20.0m at the southern end to 30.0m at the northern end. Its height does not exceed 0.7m. There are no visible remains of side ditches and the mound is littered with pieces of broken limestone.Resurveyed at 1:2500 on AM. The Neolithic long barrow referred to by sources 1-6 is not clearly visible on the available aerial photographs, although a very faint lighter coloured area, which is probably caused by the plough spreading the stone mound material, is visible in 1946.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SO 99231857) Long Barrow (NR) (Remains of) A long barrow, the original length of which was probably 140-150 feet (2). It is orientated E-W, and now measures 100ft long by 48ft wide by 6ft high. The west part has been reduced by ploughing to a low ‘tail’, and there is a large hollow in the centre of the east part (3). (2-4)
SO 99221856 The existing feature is a mound 16m E-W, 12m N-S and 1.8m high. A slight swelling presumably indicative of the original extent is just perceptible. Published 1:2500 survey revised. (5)
A rapid examination of air photography (6a) shows the mound of the barrow although the ‘tail’ is not apparent. (6)
The long barrow referred to above is visible as an earthwork on aerial photographs and has been mapped as part of the Cotswolds Hills NMP survey. The barrow is as described above (2-5) with a slight ‘tail’ just visible to the west. The barrow measures about 28.7m long and about 12m in width. (7)

Details of site on Pastscape

(SP 127155) Norbury Camp (NR). Norbury Camp, univallate hillfort, unexcavated, encloses 80 acres on a promontory between re-entrant valleys. The west and east sides of the fort are defined by banks set along the extremities of a slight eminence; the north and south sides are defined by the edges of the promontory, accentuated in part at least by scarping.
On the north a low bank set on a terrace beneath the scarp edge, and extending for about 220 ft along the inner side of a track, may be the northern mound mentioned by Witts. The ploughed west bank, 50 ft wide, rises 1 1/2 ft above the interior and contains limestone blocks up to 3 ft long. The ditch shows only as a crop-mark. The eastbank, about 16 ft wide and 2ft high, ends 200 ft south of the steeply scarped NE corner. No ditch is visible. Original entrances, used by modern roads, may be represented by a gap near the centre of the east bank and a hollow-way in the south scarp. (Visited 19 9 69). (2-4)
Generally as described by RCHM. The scarping along the south side extends for about 270.0m from the SW corner. The terrace below the scarp on the north side may originally have been a natural feature modified by land-scarping, probably when trees were planted on the regular, scarped slopes above and below it. The west bank is under plough, but remains 1.3m high externally and 0.3m high internally. The eastern bank averages 1.0m high and 8.0m wide, and is crowned by the remains of a field wall. The internal slope has been mutilated or destroyed by ploughing. The bank south of the road has been almost destroyed by modern development. The eastern bank is incorrectly positioned on the 2” Drawing of 1815. There is a considerable slope east of the sharply scarped NE corner, and there could never have been a continuation as shown on the 2” Drawing. Published survey (25”) revised on Antiquity Model. (5)
Excavations within the hillfort took place in advance of farm building. In addition to Iron Age features, a Roman pit, ditch and gully were excavated; these probably relate to previously known occupation immediately to the north (SP 11 NW 15). The pit contained an incomplete inhumation suggesting mutilation. (6) Information as in Authy.2 now published. (7)
SP 1278 1545. Excavations in the north-west corner of Hospital field in 1977, (see Authy. 6) demonstrated late Iron Age occupation within the hillfort enclosure in the form of 3 probable 4-post structures. An undated semi-crouched inhumation burial is possibly associated with this occupation. No specific dating evidence was recovered for the Iron Age occupation, nor was a positive association demonstrated between the wxcavated structures and the hillfort enclosure. The Iron Age pottery is undiagnostic and could related to any phase of the local pre-Belgic Iron Age. [Published excavation report]. (8)
SP 127 155. Norbury, Northleach. Listed in gazetteer as a univallate hillfort covering 3.2ha. (9)
A rapid examination of air photography (10a) suggests that the ploughed down west end of the hillfort may have been multivallate. (10) A multivallate Iron Age hillfort enclosing 80 acres is situated on the western side of the village of Farmington. Excavation and geophysical survey has revealed Iron Age and Romano British occupation (UID 329947). The hillfort also contains a probable Neolithic long barrow (UID 329938). These features were mapped from aerial photographs as part of the South Cotswolds NMP project; and are protected as Scheduled Ancient Monument 209 (county number).
The roughly rectangular Iron Age hillfort is centred at SP 1273 1554, and covers an area approximately 890m east to west and 520m north to south. Certain features described by the previous authorities are visible as earthworks or cropmarks on aerial photographs. The innermost bank of the western rampart is visible as a slight earthwork on the latest available aerial photographs of 2006; its’ outer ditch and a further three outer banks and two ditches visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs of 1969.
Short lengths of the northern and southern ramparts are visible as extant scarp edges, along with the clearly defined north-eastern corner of the hillfort. The remainder of the enclosing banks, ditches and scarps are hidden from aerial view by trees, field boundaries and modern housing.
The Neolithic long barrow in the south-western corner of the hillfort, and the Romano British settlement in the north-eastern corner have also been mapped from aerial photographs and are recorded as UIDs 329938 and 329947 respectively (11-14).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 13312879) Long Barrow (NR) “Oak Piece” long barrow is positioned by O’Neil and Grinsell at SP 13402890 (2), and M Westerling states that it lies 304 yards from the south wall of the field and 107 yards from the east wall (3).
The barrow is oriented E/W and measures 145 ft by 60 ft by 4 ft high, with nearly parallel sides (2). Mr Peachey, formerly estate agent at Trafalgar, dug 5 ft into the mound several times c 1916, but discovered only that it was built of small stones among which were flint flakes. There were no signs of earlier disturbance (3). A leaf-shaped flint was found nearby Mys Westerling (4). (2-4) SP 13312879. Long barrow, very spread by ploughing; now measuring 60.0m E-W by 23.0m laterally and up to 1.3m high. No trace of ditches visible on ground, or OS APs (a). Surveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. (5)
A rapid examination of air photography (6a) shows the long barrow as a cropmark, with dark ditches (?) tapering to the west and a possible horned east end. SP 13352880. A Neolithic long barrow, sometimes known as the Oak Piece long barrow. A survey carried out in 1960 found the barrow mound to have maximum dimensions of 44 metres by 18 metres. It is now visible as a ridge approximately 0.6 metres high, and measuring 25 metres by 15 metres. Scheduled. SP 1335 2880. The long barrow has been mapped from aerial photographs, including those cited as authorities 5a and 6a, by EH’s Gloucestershire NMP. (8)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 17362895) Long Barrow (AT) A ploughed-down long barrow seen by Crawford (1) and described as being about 160 feet in length, orientated NW-SE, and higher and broader at the SE and where there was a depression left by some excavation. L V Grinsell (2) saw it on the 17 May 1959 and gives its dimensions as 180 feet in length, 100 feet in width, and orientated SSE (where it was 6 feet high) to NNW. These dimensions indicate why Witts (3) came to class it as a round barrow. (2-3)
SP 17352895 A ploughed-down long barrow 66.0m long, 25.0m wide and 1.4m high, orientated NW-SE. It is mutilated and spread at its southern (highest) end where the side of the road impinges upon it. Surveyed at 1:2500. (4)
The ploughed out remains of the probable Neolithic Long Barrow described by the previous authorities were seen as a faint cropmark of the spread mound (too indistinct to be mapped) on historical aerial photographs. The mound may still survive as a slight earthwork, but this could not be seen on the available photographs. (5)

Details of hill fort on Pastscape

SO 990150) Norbury (NR) Camp (NR) Norbury hill-fort, univallate, unexcavated and mostly ploughed out, probably enclosed about 8 acres. The south end is defined by a bank 18 ft wide and 3 ft high with an outer ditch 20 ft wide and 3 ft deep. A scarp 2 1/2ft high marks the east side; at the NE angle the ditch appears as a band of dark soil with a slight outer scarp. The entrance in the SW is between over-lapping bank ends. (Visited 29.4.69) As described except that the ditch at the NE angle is indiscernible as the field is under young corn at present. Published 1:2500 survey revised. (3)
SO 990 150. Norbury, Colesborne [sic]. Listed in gazetteer as a univallate hillfort covering 3.2ha. (5)
Norbury Hill-fort (SO 990150), univallate, unexcavated and mostly ploughed out, lies on a hill-top 1 mile N of the village [Colesbourne]; it probably enclosed about 8 acres. [Further details and plan included]. A rapid examination of air photography (7a) suggests that the hillfort entrance was at the northern end of the northeast side. (7)
The hillfort referred to above is visible on aerial photographs and has been mapped as part of the Cotswolds Hills NMP survey. The hillfort is as described in source (2). The hillfort is defined by a bank on the north east, east, south and south west sides measuring about 7m in width. On the south side is a ditch about 5m wide. Overlapping ends of the banks appear to form an entrance at SO 9898 1485, though the slight out turned end of the bank visible to the northeast at SO 9895 1511, may also form an entrance. A section of bank to the northwest was not visible due to dense vegetation. (9-10)

Details of long barrows on Pastscape

SP 07191882 and SP 07261889 Long Barrows (NR) The southern barrow measures 165 ft by 80 ft by 3 ft high, and is oriented SE/NW. Two orthostats visible in Witts’ time near the SE. The northern barrow measures 180 ft by 75 ft, is oriented ENE/WSW and its present height is 6 ft at the west end and 3 ft at the east end, which was the higher in Witts’ time. (2-5)
Ploughing has almost completely destroyed the southernmost of these two long barrows and has reduced the other in both width and length. (6) Two barrows, the long barrow at SP 07191883 has been reduced by ploughing to a roughtly oval mound 50.0m long by 26.0m wide and up to 1.2m high. There is a concentration of fragmented stone towards the SE end which may mark the chamber noted by Witts. (3) No trace of the orthostats remain.
The barrow at SP 07261889 although damaged by ploughing on the east, is in much better condition and the west portion appears undisturbed. The overall dimension are 58.0m long by 24.0m wide, and up to 1.7m high at the west end and 0.8m high at the east. Present appearance suggest that the barrow faced SW, however Witts’ observation that the NE end was the higher in his time introduces some doubt on this. Neither barrow exhibits any visible trace of side ditches. Resurveyed at 1:2500 on AM. (7)
SP 073189: Hazelton North long cairn was excavated in 1979 by A Saville. The cairn was trapezodial in shape and survives to a length of 51 metres with a maximum width of 18 metres. It was found to be a blind entrace type of the Cotswold-severn tomb with a pair of opposed lateral chambers. The blind entrance is non-orthostatic and is marked by a shallow concavity in the terminal dry stone walling. The cairn is orientated approximately west-east with its broad end situated to the west. Fieldwalking in the surrounding area produced lithic debris, including leaf arrowheads and a polished stone axe fragment. A Roman coins was found on the barrow’s surface. (8-9)
SP 073 189. Total excavation of Hazleton north barrow took place between 1979 and 1982. The original length of the barrow was shown to have been between 54-55m, whilst its maximum width had been 19m in the west and 9m in the east. Its structure was composed of dump-deposits of soil, marl and rubble divided into 19 cellular units by internal revetment walling. These units lay to either side of a central axial revetment aligned E-W. This cellular core was then revetted by an outer dry-stone wall, doubled at the western end to form the ‘horns’ of the courtyard, (which was bare of features other than a central hearth). The 2 burial chambers were located near the centre of the cairn, c25m E of the horns. They were similar in plan, comprising a ‘sock-shaped’ arrangement of an elongated entrance passage with an eastward, right-angled, turn into a roughly rectangular chamber. The chamber walls were built of contiguous orthostats with supplementary dry stone work where gaps existed. The cairn was flanked to the N and S by quarries from which much of the material for its construction had been obtained. The quarry to the north was 2.2m deep X 28m wide, whilst that to the south was 2.2m deep and over 20m wide. Their primary fills contained red deer antlers, (not converted into picks), fragments of Abingdon Style pottery and in the S quarry, a hearth. From within the cairn 23 skulls were recovered, (although the remains of a total of up to 30 individuals may have been represented). Ages and sexes were equally distributed between both chambers. A small number of items found within the chambers included a flint axe fragment, 2 bone beads and fragments of a undecorated cup or bowl. The final inhumation on the N side was accompanied by a large flint core under the right elbow and a quartzite pebble hammerstone adjacent to the left hand. An analysis of radio carbon dates for the skeletal evidence suggests a period of use for the barrow spanning only 300 years (c3800 – 3500 BC) [see source 12].
The buried soil beneath the cairn contained a midden-like deposit to the W of the burial chambers. This included fragments of a carinated vessel, carbonised seeds and nutshells, post/stakeholes and an associated hearth lay to the West of the midden suggesting early Neolithic domestic activity. A concentrated scatter of 55 mesolithic microliths was discovered in the same area. Exploratory trenching of Hazleton South Cairn revealed that this was also a side chambered cairn by that it had suffered badly through cultivation. [see source 10]. (10-12)
Two Neolithic long barrows are visible on aerial photographs as earthworks in a field between Pen Hill and the village of Hazleton. The northernmost barrow was totally excavated in 1979-82. These features were mapped from aerial photographs as part of The Cotswold Hills NMP project.
The northernmost barrow, which was completely excavated in 1979-1982 was centred at SP 0728 1891. Prior to excavation it was visible as an extant earthwork of trapezoid shape on aerial photographs and measured approximately 63m WSW to ENE and 22m NNW to SSE.
The southernmost barrow is centred at SP 0720 1884, and measures approximately 51m north-west to south-east and 21m south-west to north-east. This barrow is oval shaped in plan, and remains an extant earthwork (14-15).

Details of barrow on Pastscape

(SP 07240691) Tumulus (NR) A round barrow 25 paces dia by 5ft high, with a large hole in the centre. Mrs 0’Neil in 1938 noted a possible cist in the centre, and five upright stones of a retaining kerb around the east edge. (2)
SP 07240693 As described although there is now no evidence of a possible cist or kerb, nor trace of a ditch. Divorced survey at 1:2500 on permatrace. (3) The barrow is as described above (1-3). The barrow is visible on aerial photographs taken in 1942, which show the depression at the centre of the barrow, measuring about 5m wide by 6m long, orientated north-south. A possible outer ditch is faintly visible as a cropmark around the barrow measuring 32m in diameter but this is not visible on later aerial photographs. This may suggest a Bell barrow rather than a Bowl barrow (5-6)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 16590972) Lad Barrow (NR) A long barrow measuring 96ft by 64ft by 3ft high, aligned E/W. At least two earth-bound stones protrude from the east end, possibly orthostats of a terminal chamber or blind entrance. (2-3)
Lad Barrow is now much reduced and spread by ploughing, measuring 38.0m E-W by 33.0m transversely by 0.9m high. There are no traces of the earth-bound stones nor of a ditch. Resurveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. (4)
A Neolithic long barrow is visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs. The site is centred on SP 1658 0973, and comprises an oval cropmark which measures 28 metres long and 10 metres wide. The barrow’s long axis is oriented east-west. An indication of what may be an earthbound stone is visible at the eastern end of the long barrow, but it is too indistinct to map (7).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 12361549) Long Barrow (NR). A long barrow 190 ft by 70 ft by 4 ft high, oriented ESE/WNW. A large stone, possibly part of a burial-chamber, which was visible on the mound in Witts’ time, had disappeared by 1920. (2-4) The long barrow within Norbury camp is now a low, featureless mound. (5) Ploughed down long barrow, orientated NW to SE, the SE being the higher and wider end, and measuring 73.0m long 28.0m wide at the SE end and 16.0m wide at the NW. Maximum height 0.6m.
The field in which it falls was under a winter cereal crop at the time of investigation. It was generally stony, but over the barrow there is a higher proportion of stone to earth than elsewhere. No side ditches and no traces of burial chambers were visible. Mrs O’Neil recalls large stones being removed from the barrow in the 1930s Resurveyed at 1:2500 on antiquity model.
A probable Neolithic long barrow is visible on aerial photographs as a slight earthwork within the south-western corner of Norbury Camp Iron Age hillfort (UID 329935). This feature was mapped from aerial photographs as part of the South Cotswolds NMP project, and forms part of Scheduled Ancient Monument 209 (county number).
Centred at SP 1235 1550, the oblong-shaped barrow as visible on 1946 aerial photographs appears to measure approximately 67m north-west to south-east, and 18m south-west to north-east. It is hardly visible at all on later aerial photographs (7).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SP 10141177 Crickley Barrow (NAT) Long Barrow (NR) (1) The long barrow known as Crickley Barrow has been so thoroughly dug over, probably early in the 19th century, that it is hardly recognisable. It is oriented NNW/SSE (as shown on the OS 1” map of 1830), and must have been originally between 250 and 280 ft long. The Salt Way crosses the southern end, as is shown by a lump in the road, and a sign-post stands on the northern end. (2-3) Crickley barrow has been finally eradicated. (4)
The long barrow has been completely levelled and no trace remains. 1:2500 survey revised on Antiquity Model. Crickley Long Barrow was destroyed in 1960 (a). (5)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SP 04521058 Long Barrow (NR) The Pinkwell long barrow, situated in Long Barrow Field, measures 180 ft by 90 ft by 3 ft high, aligned SE/NW. it was excavated without result in 1856 by J Y Akerman, who learned however that three human skeletons had been found 20 years previously at the SE end, indicative of the existence of a terminal chamber. (2-4 )
SP 04521057 A long barrow, situated on level ground and now reduced by ploughing and excavation to a low, broad mound, 55.0m long, 25.0m wide, SE of the centre, and in height increasing from 0.5m at the SE end to 0.8m at the NW end. There are no visible remains of side ditches. Resurveyed at 1:2500 on AM. (5)
A Neolithic long barrow which has been previously recorded and surveyed is visible on aerial photographs of 1946 and 2006 as an extant mound immediately to the west of Longbarrow Farm. This feature was mapped from aerial photographs as part of The Cotswold Hills NMP project.
The roughly oval barrow is centred at SP 0453 1059, in the modern field just to the west of Longbarrow Farm, to the south-east of Newmans Covert. As it appears on aerial photographs, it measures approximately 66m north-west to south-east and 32m south-west to north-east (at its widest point, which is towards the south-eastern end of the barrow). No traces of side ditches are visible on any of the available aerial photographs (6-7).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SP 14271253 Long Barrow (NR). A Long barrow measuring 150 ft by 75 ft by 8 1/2 high, aligned SE/NW. Two uprights and a capstone of either the entrance to a chamber or a false entrance protrude from the SE end. The barrow, which has never been excavated, was described by Crawford as the finest he had every seen.
A long barrow oriented SE-NW and measuring 48.0m long by 26.0m wide. It is 1.9m high at its highest point in the SE. There are no traces of side ditches.
The entrance, or false entrance, consists of two upright stone slabs 1.5m apart measuring 0.7m long, 0.4m high and 0.3m thick. The displaced capstone leans on them and is 2.1m long, 0.9m wide and 0.3m thick. The barrow, set in permanent parkland, is well preserved. Re-surveyed at 1:2500 on antiquity model. See GP AO/WM1/76/7/8 from NE.
SP 14271254 The long barrow was surveyed at scales of 1:2500 and 1:500 as part of a wider survey of Lodge Park by English Heritage in 2005. It is a well-preserved example of the Cotswold-Severn type, dating to the first part of the 4th millenium BC and it conforms to the average length and orientation of others in this group. It is typically situated on the uppper limestone plateau, on a false crest. The mound measures 2.6m high at its largest end and decreases to 1.9m high at its tail end. It has two distinct steps in its profile and combined with the ‘waisted’ nature of its plan these may suggest a multi-phased construction as has been found at nearby sites such as Notgrove and Sales Lot. The three stones forming the stone setting at the south-eastern end of the mound may have been exposed due to a collapse. They may represent an entrance or a blind entrance, although the possibility that they may have been re-arranged during the later landscaping of the park cannot be ruled out. A geophysical survey of the mound, in 1995, showed it to be composed of dense rubble with an axial wall along its centre and ‘weakly visible’ transverse walls were believed to show cellular construction, although no chambers could be located with certainty. No flanking ditches are visible, but the geophysical survey noted side ditches present on both sides (8) (9) (10).
The probable Neolithic long barrow identified by the previous authorities is visible as an extant earthwork on aerial photographs of 2006. Centred at SP 1427 1255, this feature appears from the air to be approximately 43m long, by 13-20m wide. This feature was mapped from aerial photographs as part of the South Cotswolds NMP project (11-12).

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SP 10890924 (1). The Ablington Beehive Chamber is an underground circular chamber situated in the south slope of a long low irregular mound, which, though covered with undergrowth, appears to be aligned roughly E/W with a length of over 150 ft. The chamber is constructed with dry-stone-walling, with stone seats and three cupboards or niches, above which the wall is corbelled to an entrance at the top, 6 1/2 ft above the floor. It was excavated c 1865 by Samuel Lysons, and again in 1925 by A D Passmore and E C Daubeney, when no dating evidence was found apart from a module of flint foreign to the district. Locally it was supposed to be a shepherd’s cot, but Passmore believed it to be a prehistoric burial chamber in a mutilated mound, possibly a barrow, and O’Neil and Grinsell list the structure as Neolithic. W F Grimes points out its similarity to the barrow near Saltway Barn (SP 10 NW 2) and other neighbouring barrows, suggesting a culturally distinct sub-group of the long barrow folk. There is a tradition of another bee-hive chamber being found in Hole Ground, a few hundred yards to the NE.
A possible long barrow orientated WNW-ESE measures 40.0m by 14.0m by 0.5m high. The corbelled chamber is exposed towards the west corner of the south side. ‘Hole Ground’ is not known locally. Surveyed at 1:2500 on PFD.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 1075 0941) Long Barrow (NR) The long barrow known as Lamborough Banks measures 300 ft by 75 ft high, aligned SSE/NNW. Excavated in 1854 by S Lysons who found a single orthostat of a blind entrance at the south end between two V-shaped horns built of dry-stone-walling, which extended to form inner and outer revetments enclosing the whole barrow. At the north end was a cist or lateral chamber containing a single primary inhumation (Witts’ No 1). (2-3)
The ‘Lamborough Banks’ Long Barrow survives as a tree covered mound 90.0m in length, 2.0m in height and 38.0m in width at its widest (SSE) end. Its W side is flanked by a modern stone wall beyond which it is ploughed out. The barrow was very badly mutilated by Lysons excavations, the holes of which were left open, and it is now in a poor condition. Nothing of the horned entrance, nor of the revetment walls, chambers or ditches can now be recognised.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

Mound to the NE of Oldwalls Shed, 140 feet long by 81 feet wide by 6 feet high; either a long barrow or two round barrows. Grimes describes it as an unopened long barrow, possibly Witts’ No 10 (See SP 11 SW 5), but it is scheduled as a round barrow. Mrs O’Neil (1) is undecided. (1-3)
Visible on air photographs as a double mound aligned ESE/WNW at SP 12011041. This feature is under the plough and its present appearance is that of a long barrow orientated ESE-WNW with axes of 58.0 m and 32.0 m. From the E end it slopes gradually and smoothly down to its W end. The sides, are smooth and nowhere are there indication that it was ever two mounds. It has a maximum height of 1.6 m. Surveyed at 1:2500 on Antiquity Model. (4)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SP 06800836) Long Barrow (NR) A fine long mound measuring 300ft by 70ft by 11ft high, aligned E/W. The ends have been disturbed and there are traces of orthostats at the east end. Grimes gives this barrow as an example of the tendency to group round barrows to the east of long barrows, suggesting that the sanctity attached to the broad end outlasted its formal decline in the later monuments (of the Burn Ground long barrow, SP 11 NW 18). (2-5)
A grass and shrub covered, ditchless, long barrow. The present mound is 76.0m long by 20.0m wide by 2.7m high, with a further 8.0m plough spread at the eastern end. No trace was seen of the orthostats. It is in fairly good condition.
Resurveyed at 1:2500 on PFD. Colnpen long barrow is mentioned in a review of Neolithic Gloucestershire as the largest recorded long barrow in the county. The Bronze Age long barrow referred to above (1-7) is visible on aerial photographs and has been mapped by the Cotswolds Hill NMP. The barrow is as described in sources (2-6) on aerial photographs taken in 1947. On the latest aerial photography (GoogleEarth 2008), the barrow is covered in shrub and small trees. This barrow is part of a larger barrow cemetery with adjacent three round barrows to north (SP00NE 1/HOB UID 327148) and two more round barrows (SP00NE 3/HOB UID 327154 and SP00NE 4/HOB UID 327157) located further south. (9-10)

Details of barrows on Pastscape

(SP 0296 0266) Tar Barrow (Tumulus) (O.E. Marked “A”)
(SP 0311 0252) Tar Barrow (Tumulus) (O.E. Marked “B”)
“East of the town (of Cirencester) about a quarter of a mile, is Starbury Mount, a Barrow, where Roman coins have been dug up.”
“On the further, or eastern side, (of Cirencester) on the rising ground above the town and between the Foss-road and the White-way are situated the two Tar-Barrows....standing.....about two hundred yards apart. In A.D. 1200 their name is given as Thoreberewe. William of Worcester refers (C.1460) to one of these as Castrum Torre (Itin 279)...“(Ref to Baddeley’s map: The name “Thorebarewe” is applied to Tar-Barrow “A” at SP 0296 0266.) (3)
Tar Barrow (’A’): Probably a round mound like the one to the south-east (’B’) but its shape has been altered by digging at the side. Remains of digging between the two barrows has been ploughed smooth.
Tar Barrow(’B): This barrow is a high round mound of earth and stones, apparently undisturbed except that a clump of elms and beeches, one ash, and a sycamore have been planted upon it. There is no sign of a ditch. Probably Roman.
At ‘C’ (SP 0295 0260) is a large raised knoll, with the appearance of a third barrow for this group, covered by cultivation.
Tar Barrow (’B’) : Dug out by a former owner, who found some sort of cist. Unpublished. (5)
Cirencester, Tar-Barrows – Scheduled Ancient Monument (Listed under Round Barrows). (6)
(A) Cirencester 2; 24 paces N-S, 30 paces E-W, 7ft high. Tree planted bowl barrow; Scheduled. (B) Cirencester 3; 32 paces diam; 12 ft high. Conical profile; the mound was opened from thetop to a depth of 8-10 ft in 1935 with no result except the exposure of a large slab. Site visited immediately afterwards by H. O’Neill. Bowl barrow: Scheduled.
(C) Cirencester 3a. SP 0295 0255. Large and irregular; it might be a partly levelled barrow but may be natural Considered doubtful. (7)
A. A tree covered mound 1.7m high, & elongated N-S (Grinsell’s points are transposed). It seems completely encircled by quarrying and its summit is barely higher than the general level of the ground to the S.E. and W. and cannot be seen until the quarried area is approached. A doubtful barrow for this reason and because it is only recorded by the O.S. (authority unknown) and subsequently accepted by Baddeley who almost certainly gives it the name “Thoreberewe” erroneously. In Rudder’s ‘History’ only one barrow is mentioned – “a large and lofty tumulus near the town called Tor-barrow.....” Rudder was a Cirencester man and would certainly have known of and mentioned a second barrow. Mound surveyed at 1/2500.
B. Tree covered, 2.2m high on W. and 3.2m high on the E. side. Steep sided with no trace of a ditch, & visible from the distance. Almost certainly 1200 A.D. “Thoreberewe”, the 15th c. “Castrum Torre” and Defoes “Starbury Mount”. Rudder says “Torbarrow” was opened c. 1800 and nothing found in it but a small coin and a large square slab, which may be that re-found in 1935. At the foot of the mound is a slab 1.5m x 0.7m and 0.2m thick. If it was part of a chamber it has been altered since. The underside is well tooled and the upper face has been roughly incised as if for cutting out a curved lintel. Surveyed at 1/2500.
C. This appears to be a natural rise at SP 0295 0259. (8)
An assessment of aerial photographs in the vicinity of Tar Barrow and Hare Bushes suggests that the view of authority 8 is correct and that supposed barrow “A” is probably the result of upcast from quarrying and that barrow “C” is a natural feature or possibly the junction of medieval plough headlands. Tar barrow (barrow “B” at SP 0311 0252) appears to have been used as a marker for the laying out of part of the medieval open field system which once extended across the fields on the north and east of Cirencester. Medieval boundary banks extend east and west from the barrow. These boundaries and the associated ridge and furrow have now been ploughed level. (9)

Details of site on Pastscape

A possible Roman temple or mausoleum and enclosures are visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs, and through geophysical survey, around the scheduled site of Tar Barrow (SP 00 SW 15, UID 327361, Gloucestershire SAM 268), overlooking Cirencester, Gloucestershire. An English Heritage air photo assessment, and geophysical survey by GeoArch on behalf of Dr Peter Guest at Cardiff University, provide evidence of a significant site, probably associated with the Roman settlement of Corinium. Research by Neil Holbrook and Richard Reece suggests that the area around Tar Barrow possibly functioned as a religious focus in the Roman period, and possibly later Iron Age, and may have influenced the routes of the Roman road system in the vicinity, and possibly even the location of the Roman town. A series of ditched enclosures and possible building foundations, all aligned NE-SW, extend across an area measuring at least 285m by 185m. The most substantial of the enclosures, to the south-west of Tar Barrow, is thought to be a temple or mausoleum. This ditched enclosure measures approximately 37m by 28.5m, and encloses an area of 31m by 21m. Within the enclosure is a rectangular structure measuring circa 10.8m by 6m defined by what appear to be stone foundations surrounding a pit or cut feature measuring 8m by 5m. To the north and east of the barrow there are a number of enclosures and possible trackways defined by ditches interspersed with a series of square and sub-square structures, possibly building foundations. Until relatively recently the area was covered in medieval and post medieval earthworks (SP 00 SW 157, UID 1479180) in pasture which extended across the slopes above Cirencester.

Details of barrow on Pastscape

(SU 05550499) Bull Barrow (NR) (1) (32) BULL BARROW (05550499), bowl, near the N. edge of Holt Heath overlooks the valley of Mannington Brook at 90 ft. above O.D. It is 48 ft. in diam. and 4 1/2 ft. high; the top of the mound has been disturbed by digging. Either from this barrow or from one of the same name in Woolland (Dorset III, 317) came a sharpened deer bone (Barrow Diggers, 77, pl. 5, No 16). (2) Ditched bowl barrow; the ditch is visible on the north and south quadrants only. Surveyed at 1:2500. (3) Two hollow scrapers, eight flakes showing secondary signs of working, seventy-seven flakes and 16 cores or cone fragments have been reserved from mound erosion debris. (4)

Details of Hillfort on Pastscape

SU 39503639. Crop-marks of `hill-fort’ according to Dr. St. Joesph. (1) Nothing visible on the ground (arable field). (2)

Details of barrow on Pastscape

SU 39513637: A bowl barrow, 40 paces in diameter and 5 feet high. Grundy (2) identified this hill as the site of Heardulfes Hlaewe – Heardulf’s Barrow and this large barrow has since been found by O G S Crawford (1). (1,2)
Identification of barrow with name (3). Now under plough, a large bowl-shaped mound, 39.0m in average diameter and 1.7m in height can be seen on the summit of this hill. There appears to be a vague depression surrounding the mound. The mound lacks the chalky appearance typical of ploughed barrows in this area but this may be because of the comparatively short time it has been ploughed. (4) Tumulus located and surveyed on Field Document at SU 3951 3637. (5)

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SU 42603878) Tumulus (OE). Long Barrow: Orn. ESE (113oM) Oats. E end highest rather flat 5.7.1927. (2)
Oval mound, prob long barrow, 125’ long, 93’ wide and 4 1/2’ high. Larger end at E. Under plough: no ditches seen. (3)
A ploughed down pear-shaped “short” long barrow, 36m. long and 24m. across, the larger (eastern) end, of which is 1.1m. high. Freshly ploughed; the line of the ditch forms a dark band, c.10m. wide, which appears to be interupted only at the east end.
Reduced by ploughing and now 50.0m in length, 26.0m. in width, maximum height 1.0m. The western end is nearly ploughed out and is barely visible.
SU 42603878. Moody’s Down West long barrow has been so spread by ploughing that its shape and the positions of the ditches are no longer apparent on the ground. The mound is now 33.0m. long and 1.0m. high. Scheduled.

Details of long barrows on Pastscape

(`A’ – SU 43473862 and `B’ – SU 43363867) Tumuli (OE) (1)
`A’ Long barrow No 49(3). A pear-shaped mound, 160’ long, 84’ wide at the E end and 5’ high, with flank ditches 24’ wide and 1’ deep.(1)
This long barrow has been destroyed in making a rifle range.(4) In removing it a skeleton was found, rather to the east of the middle and on the main axis. The cranium (seen at the clerk of works office) was of long-headed Neolithic type. The barrow was composed of chalk rubble except in the region of the skeleton, where there was black clayey soil. All the material was removed carefully, but nothing unusual was noticed, At the time of my visit, 4.4.1940, two long narrow trenches had been (cut) into the underlying natural chalk to a depth of c.18”. In one of them the lip of the ditch was exposed and showed that the ditch was c26’ wide.(5)
`B’ Long barrow, No 50 (3) with a rectangular mound 220’ long 75’ wide and 4’ high (its height almost the same throughout its length) and parallel flank ditches, 27’ wide and 1’ deep.
A rim fragment, now in the Winchester Museum, which I obtained from its SE end, has been examined by Mr C F C Hawkes, who states that it “could reasonably be taken as Neolithic `A’.... but it might easily be late Bronze Age”.(2) (2-7)
`A’ Mound completely removed. Course of northern ditch, visible as band of rank grass.
`B’ Description in T2 correct. Freshly ploughed. (8)
SU 43473862. Moody’s Down South-East long barrow. The ditches remain visible as hollows under grass on flat ground.
SU 44363867. Moody’s Down North-West long barrow. Reduced by ploughing; it now measures 70.0m long, 1.2m high and 7.5m wide.

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(’A’ – SU 50794442: ‘B’SU 50734442) Three Barrows (Tumuli) (OE). (1)
The “Three Barrows” group comprises a bell-barrow (A), a twin-barrow (B), and two disc-barrows (C & D).
SU 5069442 & SU 5063442 (3). All but the western disc-barrow were excavated by O.G.S. Crawford in 1920.
The bell barrow had a MBA primary cremation and the disc-barrow, C, a small vessel of All Cannings Cross or Worthy Down type, suggesting an EIA date. Grinsell suggests C & D may be low platform barrows, some of which are EIA.
Finds from the bell barrow included fragments of beakers, seven scrapers, an oval blade and an axe. (2-4)
A. A bowl shaped mound 30.0 m.in average diameter and 1.6 m. in height. No trace of ditch.
B. Confluent twin barrows now appearing as an undivided oval mound 45.0 m. E-W and 34o m. N-S and 2.2m in height. No trace of ditch. Nothing remains of barrows C and D but both are visible as ring-ditches on A.P.’s.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

(Group centred SU 41833891) Tumuli (OE (3 shown)). Barrow (SU 41813899) (’D’).
(’A’) Bowl barrow. Partly quarried away; skull of horse visible, Sept 1937.
(’B’) Bowl barrow. Buried beneath bushes.
(’C’) Bowl barrow. 20 paces in diam and 1’ high. Air photo 5299.
(’D’) Bowl barrow. 27 paces in diam and 3’ high. Another barrow near this group appears on Greenwood’s map of 1826. For a MBA urn from this area see (a). (3)
‘A’ The tree planted remains of a bowl barrow 22m in diam and 1.7m high. The whole of its NE quadrant has been quarried away by a chalk pit or silage pit.
‘B’ Bowl barrow, 21m in diam and 1.4m high. Patches of greener grass probably indicate the course of its ditch. Tree planted and bramble covered but otherwise apparently intact.
‘C’ Almost ploughed out bowl barrow, 23.5m in diam and 0.2m high, surrounded by a dark bank, 4m wide, indicating the course of the ditch. Freshly ploughed.
‘D’ Bowl barrow, 23.5m in diam and 0.8m high. The ditch is visible as a dark band, 3m wide, in the freshly ploughed field. The NE sector disappears into rough pasture and a fir plantation. (4)
‘A’ and ‘B’ are as described. ‘C’ is completely ploughed out although its ditch still shows as a crop mark. ‘D’ is much spread and now has a max diameter of 29.0m.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

SU 3996 3697: Tumulus OE (`A’)
`A’: Bowl barrow; 4’ high.
`B’: SU 3987 3689. Bowl barrow, 18 paces in diameter and 1 1/2 ft high.
`C’: SU 4000 3700. Bowl barrow, 22 paces in diameter and 1 foot high.
B and C show clearly with the latter overlying the Ranch boundary SU 43 NW 6.
`A’: Bowl barrow, 25.0m in diameter and 1.6m in height. Faint trace of a surrounding ditch.
`B’. SU 3982 3688: A ploughed bowl barrow measuring some 22.0m in diameter and 0.3m in height. Surveyed at 1:2500.
`C’. Ploughed out – no remains.
`D’. SU 3994 3097: A new bowl barrow discovered during investigation contiguous to `A’. 18.0m in diameter and 1.3m in height with faint trace of a ditch. Surveyed at 1:2500.
‘A’ and ‘D’ listed as a pair of conjoined barrows.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

[’A’ – SU 49694481 and ‘B’ – SU 49764474]. TUMULI [OE]. (1)
‘A’ – a bowl barrow. 35 paces in diameter and 8 feet high, north of FREEFOLK WOOD.
‘B’ – a bell barrow, situated 60 yards south of the northern edge of the wood. Covered with trees, it is not possible to measure accurately by tape, but pacing makes the mound 33 paces in diameter, the berm 8 paces wide and the ditch 4 paces wide. The mound is 10 feet high and the ditch about 9 inches deep. A very fine example of a bellbarrow with wide berm.
‘A’ – a bowl barrow, of the dimensions given above. It is covered in trees and has an old central mutilation.
‘B’ – as described above, with traces of an outer bank on the west. On the east, a lynchet corner stops at the ditch and a modern drainage ditch has encroached on the barrow’s ditch.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

A long barrow 172 feet long and 108 feet wide and 6 feet high. It appears the same width and height all along. The mound is under grass (1937) and there is a suggestion of flank ditches. (3) Under the plough and visible as a chalk-mound in an arable field on the summit of a hill. Length 58.0m. width at the centre 30.0m. and maximum height – towards the SE end 1.0m. The loamy depressions of ditches can be seen surrounding the NW end and on the flanks of the barrow except where chalk has been spread from the barrow on both sides. Chilbolton Down long barrow stands in an arable field on the north shoulder of a plateau. Irregular spreads of chalky material, visible on the ground as well as on air photographs, are suggestive of deliberate levelling. The barrow lies east-south-east – west-south-west and is rectangular in plan, about 58.0m. long and 1.0m. high towards the centre. (8) Scheduled No. 12115. (9)

Details of barrows on Pastscape

SU 40623705: Tumulus Not listed in Grinsell’s “Hampshire Barrows” (P Hants FC 14 1938-40). (1)
Twin bowl barrows, damaged by ploughing, and now visible as a mound of hour-glass plan measuring some 32.0m NW – SE by some 26.0m transversely, and up to 1.7m in height. The ditch has been destroyed but shows as a bank of loam.
RAF AP 23052 shows the character quite clearly. Surveyed at 1:2500 (See Illustration card SU 43 NW 6).

Details of barrows on Pastscape

(’A’ SU43643818 ‘B’ SU43673828) Tumuli (OE) (1)
‘A’ – A bowl barrow, 30 paces in diameter and 3 feet high.
‘B’ – A bowl barrow, 30 paces in diameter and 4 feet high with the suggestion of a ditch. (2)
‘A’ – A bowl barrow, 27.0m. in average and 1.2m. high. A slight depression on the NE probably indicates the former ditch, visible on AP 5529/34/95.
‘B’ – A bowl barrow, 28.0m. in average diameter and 1.4m. high.The ditch can be seen as an unsurveyable depression. Ploughing has formed the effect of a ‘berm’ 02.0m. wide on the E and W. Both barrows are in an arable field, now under stubble, on a slight NE slope.

Details of barrow on Pastscape

A tumulus, called Windmill Hill, near Tournerbury Wood, was dug by Mr McEwen, Richmond House, Hayling. He found a `pebble pavement’ 5’ 10” below the surface covered by a layer of ashes, with hollowed tree-trunk burnt or decayed, laying on the same level. Other finds included flint chippings, scrapers, imperfect arrowheads, potsherds (some glazed) and iron nails.
Cruciform foundations indicated the burnt remains of a Md.windmill, which had been placed on an ancient tumulus.
It is not mentioned in Grinsell’s comprehensive account of Hampshire barrows. Trigg (3) states that, c. 1862, a labourer in drain-digging had found a quantity of pottery under the surface of the mound-described as `Saxon sacrificial vessels’. (The tree-trunk find suggests a tree-trunk coffin burial; the `pebble pavement’ is a feature of barrows on the Isle of Wight). (1-3) SU 7323 0059 A mound c.30.0 m in diameter, and 0.7 m high, with no visible ditch, under crop. In a prominent position overlooking Chichester Harbour. This is about 700m N of Tournerbury Wood and is the only feature in its vicinity which
could be descirbed as a `Tumulus’.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

[SU 4893 4247] A long barrow, situated in the angle between the Andover to Basingstoke road and the track to Cranbourne Wood, has a mound 210 ft long and 100 ft wide. It is 4 ft high at the east end and is under grass. Found by Mr. Grinsell in September 1938. A long barrow, orientated 133o Mag., 69.0m. long from its SE end to the field fence, 32.0m. wide, and 1.2m. high at the SE end. The northern flank ditch is 7.0m. wide and 0.2m. deep; the ditch is visible on the south, buit not surveyable. On A.Ps. CPE/UK/1873/3009-10 the ditch appears to go round the SE end. The barrow, under grass, is on high ground at the end of a spur. (3)

Details of barrow on Pastscape

A bowl barrow situated on the crest of a low chalk ridge running in an east-west direction across Southley Farm. It commands a prominent position overlooking lower lying ground to the north, south and west. The barrow, known as Abra Barrow, is roughly circular and includes a central mound, about 1.8 metres high enclosed to the south east by an infilled ditch, up to 0.15 metres deep. The barrow has been spread and clipped by ploughing, and by the construction of farm lanes around the base, to give it a squared off appearance. Aerial photographs indicate that the infilled ditch continues around the barrow on the south and east sides. A round barrow situated beneath the hedgerow 50 metres to the south has been levelled, while a ring ditch, indicated by aerial photography 100 metres to the south east, remains fairly visible as a cropmark. Scheduled.

Details of camp on Pastscape

(Area: SU 61355290) Winklebury (Camp) (NR). A much mutilated plateau fort. Where preserved, the bank is 6 feet high, the ditch 40 feet wide and 14 feet deep. No entrances are visible. Samian and “various undetermined local finds” are reported.
EIA’A’ sherds and the base of a deer antler were found by Mrs. Piggott in 1937 during the widening of an entrance cut in the bank of Winklebury. Mrs. Piggott’s finds were made at SU 61315275. The pottery is in Basingstoke Museum. C.H.Read and R.A. Smith found IA sherds and animal bones at Winklebury in the early 1900s.
An IA’A’ plateau-type hill fort, mutilated by ploughing and housing development respectively. The inner slope of the bank is almost ploughed out, a short fragment on the S. is all that remains; the ditch is visible only as a slight depression for much of its length. No original entrances were identified. Sherds found by a Mrs. Winter in the garden of Summerville on the W. side of the work, at SU 61175289, are similar to the 1937 finds displayed at Basingstoke Museum.
Excavations carried out by R. Robertson-Mackay for the M.O.W. revealed a complex defence sequence dating from about the 4th c. to the 1st c. B.C. A close set palisade had later been covered by a rampart and then subsequently enlarged. The ditch yielded evidence of four periods. No major change but housing development has further encroached upon the earthwork along the E side.
Excavation of about 2.0 ha. of the western half of the interior of the hill-fort revealed Iron Age occupation in the form of pits, post-holes, gullies and pottery. The pottery indicated two phases of occupation, the first probably about 6th to 5th century B.C., the second late 2nd century to early 1st century B.C. Structures associated with the first phase included four post-built houses and ten pits, with the second phase semi-circular gullies, many more pits and a large enclosure of at least 4,500 sq.m.
In the first phase the fort was a univallate defended settlement with a single irregular ditch and timber-framed rampart. In the second phase the rampart was modified to a sloping glacis bank with a V-shaped ditch. There was probably a period of abandonment between the two phases.

Details of barrow on Pastscape

‘Windmill Barrow’, SU 3113 4699, (4) excavated 1911 by the Rev. R.M.Heanley & Mr. Ernest East who found it to be a ditched bowl barrow later utilised as a mill mound (the cruciform sleeper trenches of this being clearly visible).
Material from the body of the mound covered the periods BA, RO, PR, PN and included a bone needle, a stone chisel, an iron spearhead, a Saxon knife, much Md. pottery and a coin of Gratian, but the excavators also thought that they detected a primary burial and 7 secondaries although Crawford & Williams-Freeman make light of this aspect & ignore it. (1-4)
SU 3115 4699: Bowl Barrow, 32.0m. in diameter by 0.6m. in height.

Details of barrow on Pastscape

(SU 42845449) Tumulus Long Barrow. Mutilated by chalk pit.
A long barrow, mound 80 paces long, 20 paces wide and 6 feet high (1).Shown and described as a long barrow (2). (1-6)
A long barrow, 74.5m. long and with an average width of 22.5m. The higher NE end is 2.6m. high and the barrow is orientated 86o Mag. No indication of flank ditches was seen, the west side having a fieldpath along it and the east a hedgerow. On the west side the mound is mutilated by two chalk pits, now overgrown.
The barrow, covered in long grass, is preserved at the edge of an arable field. It is situated on the SW slope, c 400 yards from the crest, of a spur.Listed as a long barrow and noted as being fairly well-preserved. Part of the north-west ditch has been located by geophysical survey.

Details of site on Pastscape

(Area centred at SZ 7315 9986) Tourner Bury (OE) Moat (OE) Tunorbury or Tournorbury is situated within 100 yards of the shore, the ground all round being flat and on the N and S marshy. The bank and ditch enclose a circular area of 8 1/2 acres. The bank is 4 feet above ground level and 10 feet above the ditch, which is wet except on the W where it is marshy. There is no entrance except that of the modern road. Excavations have been made but nothing dateable found. There is a slight bank on the counterscarp. No evidence is known for the earth work being as alleged, Saxon or Danish, and from its form, size and profile one would certainly class it with the woodland ring-works. Listed as ‘Hill-top fortress’. (2)
Tournerbury or Tunorbery, on oval camp, 240 x 200 yards of possibly IA date. ‘Mr Trigg had two trenches dug across and others at right angles’ and found only two pieces of British pottery ‘and’ remains of fires under the surrounding earthwork.
Excavated 11/59 under the direction of Mr J R Boyden. A trench through the rampart revealed, at the outer edge, two Norman pots, (probably strays) &, under the rampart itself, on the old surface line, two tiny scraps of pottery, possibly Iron Age .
A univallate IA fort situated on low lying ground. To the north and south is marshy ground which was probably tidal before the construction of the sea-wall. No evidence regarding the name was found.
Two further sections dug by Richard Bradley in 1968 produced fragments of four IA vessels on the land surface contemporary with the rampart.
Tournerbury has some features in common with other small Hampshire ringworks, but there is too little evidence to date it closely. The function of the enclosure remains unknown. There is evidence of re-use in the Roman period by associated pottery of about 250-400 AD.

Details of site on Pastscape

An Iron Age enclosure later reused as a Civil War battery, situated on the crest of a ridge circa 2.5 kilometres south west of Winchester. The sub-rectanhular earthwork has maximum internal dimensions of 75 metres by 66 metres. A bank extends around the western, northern and eastern sides of the earthwork, but is poorly preserved or absent along the southern side. A bank and ditch which formerly extended extended south eastwards from the south west corner of the site have been destroyed by modern building. Excavation of the bank and ditch occured in the 1930s. The evidence from this excavation has been interpreted as suggesting that the earthwork was constructed in the Iron Age but that it did not remain long in use. However, additional investigations have also attributed the earthworks to the Roman period. A single Anglo-Saxon inhumation burial was also found during the excavation, (SU 42 NE 25), the grave cut into the bank at the north east corner of the site. Grave goods, including a silver- pommell scramasax, an iron spearhead and a bronze hanging bowl, were found accompanying the burial. Reuse of the earthwork is thought to have occured during the Civil War. Cromwell is known to have had two batteries outside Winchester during the siege of the city in 1645, one to the north and one to the west, and it has been suggested that this was the site of the western battery. The site was also used to quarter allied troops during the Napoleonic and First World Wars. Scheduled.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

[A: SU 4559 2700 and B: SU 4557 2698] Tumuli [OE]
A: Bowl barrow, diameter in paces, 30. Height 8 1/2’. Hollow in centre. A fine example.
B: Bowl barrow. Diameter in paces, 18. Height 3’. Hollow in centre.
A: A large bowl barrow, diameter 28.0 m. height 2.5 m. no ditch. Large hollow in the centre.
B: A flat-topped bowl barrow, diameter 17.0 m. height 1.2 m. no ditch. Slight hollow in centre.
Both situated in a chicken run.
Earthwork remains of two Bronze Age bowl barrows. The northern barrow is 26m in diameter and is 2.5m high; a broad ditch c.7m wide and 0.2m deep is visible as an earthwork and as an area fo darker soil to the east of the barrow. A trench, suggesting excavation, cuts across the barrow east-west. The second barrow is situated 15m to the south, it is 1m high and has a maximum diameter of 19m. Lithic implements are visible on the surfaces of the barrows.

Details of long barrows on Pastscape

[SU 82171219] Long Barrow [GT]
[SU 82341205] Long Barrow [GT] (1)
Two long barrows on Stoughton Down. `A’ and `C’ see Rec. 6” Both have ditches along the sides. but not at the ends. `A’ 120ft long 78ft greatest width 5.5ft high in the north-east and 9ft in the south west. `C’ 80ft long, 45ft in greatest width 2ft 4ins to 7ft 6ins high. No pottery found in the rabbit holes, or in the neighbourhood of either barrow, and the only worked flint, was a convex scraper 3ins x 2.5ins found on the crest of `C’. [SU 82231208] `B’ see Rec. 6”. A probable bowl barrow 13 paces diam. 1ft high, burrowed. [See AO/61/344/2].
Two long barrows upon Stoughton Down are as described above. They are turf-covered and in fair condition apart from mutilations by excavation. No trace of ditches around the easterly barrow, and those of the westerly one are so filled in and ploughed down as to appear as a broad, shallow, and unsurveyable depression, particularly round the S side. At `B’ SU 82241209 are the turf covered, ploughed down remains of a round barrow, 13.5m in dameter, 0.4m high. It is in fairly good condition and shows much exposed flint.
The long barrows A and C, now turf-covered, are generally as described and planned by Curwen and Grinsell, but recent ploughing has truncated them. The ditches are visible on the NE and SW sides of `A’, and on the NE side of `C’ as shallow depressions containing darker soil.
The bowl barrow (B) is under the plough, surviving to a height of 0.2m. (5)
Trail trenches were dug across the ditches of both long barrows in an attempt to obtain dating and environmental evidence from oval barrows, following on from the excavation of the oval barrow at Alfriston, East Sussex. The ditch of Stoughton I was 80cm deep and that of Stroughton II 60cm. A few flint flakes were found in each but no organic material suitable for a C14th date was recovered.
The excavations suggest `structural similarity’ with oval barrows at North Marden, West Sussex and Alfriston, East Sussex, but failed to provide any close dating.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

SU 45583526. Long barrow. Scheduled No. 586.
A prominent, tree-covered mound. Overall length 44.0m., maximum width 22.0m., and height from 2.3m. at the north-west end to 1.9m. at the south-east end. The top is lower and broadens out at the south-east end, possibly as a result of slumping or despoliation. There is little evidence of ditch. Other mounds in the wood, especially to the south-west, appear to be spoil heaps from the destruction of the military camp in the wood, but the mound described above is larger and more regular than these and has the appearance of a long barrow.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

‘A’ SU47003675. Bowl barrow, 21.0m in diameter, 0.3m high.
‘B’ SU 47063671. Comprises two shapeless, contiguous mounds with maximum height of 0.4m. According to Mr Grey, the tenant farmer, this feature has always taken this form though now much reduced by the plough. Probably twin bowl barrows, but AP’s do not help (RAF AP’s CPE/UK) 1842/4190-1) except to show they overlie lynchets of a Celtic field system.
During the last war the barrows were dug by an officer and men from HMS Ariel but nothing apparently was found. Discovered during field investigation: surveyed at 1:2500.
SU 471367. Bowl barrow. A shapeless mound 0.4m. high, possibly a twin barrow.
SU 472368. Possible long barrow indicated by two very clear parallel ditches on air photographs. Nothing visible on the surface. SU 47063671. Long barrow visible on the ground as two ill-defined mounds, greatly reduced by ploughing. The mound is rectangular in plan, about 52.0m long and 0.5m. high.
Long barrow partially excavated in 1986, and dimensions of flanking ditches recorded. A series of ‘quarries’ and an RB cremation burial also located. A rectangular hollow at the summit of the barrow is probably a relic of war-time excavations (see auth 1) SU 47043672. Earthwork and buried remains of a long barrow and a bowl barrow. The bowl barrow was incorporated into a later prehistoric field system and acts as a boundary marker at the top corner of two fields. Scheduled.

Details of long barrow on Pastscape

(SU 472361) Long Barrow (OE) A long barrow situated on the chalk just north of Worthy Down at slighly over 350’ above OD.
The barrow is 340’ long and orientated NE-SW. It is cut across by a road, to the west of which some 90’ of the mound is well preserved and grass grown: it is 60’ wide and 5’ high. On the south side the flanking ditch can be traced; a hedge runs along the north side and the ditch is obscured by a garden. A flint end-scraper was picked out of the barrow on the west side of the road.
To the east of the road it is under cultivation and has been reduced by ploughing to a height of c.1”. The ditches are parallel, showing as dark lines on the air photograph, and continue round the east end as at Holdenhurst. No indications of burial chambers can be detected within the east end of the mound.
In the same field, a short distance east of the long barrow is a round barrow, c. 80’ in diameter and 3’ high, much reduced by ploughing.
(’A’ – SU 47233607) A large long barrow 110m long and 24m broad. The eastern part of the mound has been ploughed down and averages 0.5m in height. When visited this part had been freshly ploughed and the ditch was visible as a dark soil mark, 6m wide, to either side and around the eastern end. The remainder of the mound, separated from the ploughed portion by a lane, is under grass and reaches a maximum height of 0.9m the extreme west and seems to have been levelled. A fragment of the ditch, 90.3m deep, survives on the south side.
(’B’ – SU 47323608) Bowl barrow, 24m in diameter and 0.4m high. Freshly ploughed, the ditch is visible as a dark soil mark 2.5m wide.
SU 47433610. (South Wonston East) A fine long barrow situated in a strip of woodland behind small-holdings. It is oriented ENE-WSW with the highest, broadest, end at the east. It measures some 24.0m maximum width and 1.6m maximum height, and at the west end by a hedge so it was probably a little longer. There is no trace of a ditch on the south side where an occupation road serving small holdings exists, and only a vague terracing can be distinguished about the middle of the north side.
The other long barrow and the bowl barrow survive as described but are subject to annual ploughing. It is perhaps significant that the bowl barrow is situated on the line of the long axis of the long barrow at SU 47433610 which is scheduled. Surveyed at 1:2500. A greenstone adze, identified by Winchester City Museum as NE/BA was found about 1958 by Mr G Griffin in his garden at Lahinch, West Hill Road, South Wonston at SU 47173606. It is now in Winchester City Museum. (7)

Details of barrows on Pastscape

Three Bronze Age barrows, known as Flowerdown Barrows, situated to the northwest of Flowerdown House at Littleton, Hampshire. The group comprises a disc barrow and two bowl barrows, and was once part of a larger barrow cemetery group that may have acted as a territorial marker. The barrows may have been disturbed in the past, possibly by 19th century antiquarians. They are now in the care of English Heritage.
The barrows are particularly well-preserved, and the disc barrow has been described as the largest and finest barrow of its kind in Hampshire. Disc barrows are rare nationally with only about 250 examples known, and often only surviving as crop marks. They were constructed as a circular area of level ground surrounded by a ditch and external bank, with one or more low mounds covering burials within the central platform. The burials were usually cremations accompanied by vessels, tools, and personal ornaments. It is likely that the individuals buried within them were of high status. This disc barrow has a circular flat platform 28 metres in diameter on which lie two circular mounds. The central mound is 7 metres in diameter and has a central hollow. The other lies to the southwest of the centre and is 6 metres in diameter.
The larger of the two bowl barrows lies to the southwest of the disc barrow; it has a circular mound with a central hollow and is 20 metres in diameter and one metre high. The smaller bowl barrow abuts the outer edge of the disc barrow bank. Its mound is 8 metres in diameter and 0.3 metres high. Bowl barrows were usually constructed of a mound of turf, soil, or rock, covering one or more burials. This was usually surrounded by a circular ditch from which the mound material may have been quarried. The burials were either inhumations or cremation burials, sometimes with grave goods such as pottery vessels, weapons, flint tools, and jewellery.

Details of barrows on Pastscape

Three Bronze Age bowl barrows and an elongated barrow, previously described as a ‘short’ long barrow, possibly two conjoined barrows. Part scheduled.

(’A’ SU 33563767) Tumulus (NR) (’B’ SU 33393764) (’C’ SU 33833761) Tumuli 3 Bowl Barrows.
A: A short long barrow cut off at its western end by a modern road. Now measures some 25.0m in length and 20.0m in width and up to 1.8m in height. No visible ditches overgrown with yew.
B: A small bowl barrow some 12.0m in diameter and 0.2m in height. Clearly overlies the bank of a presumed Ranch Boundary running appx E-W into the Danebury Hill fort area (SU 33 NW 22).
C: A bowl barrow reduced by ploughing and now measuring 28.0m in diameter and 0.3m in height. the ditch can be traced as a darker soil mark.
SU 33563767. Barrow ‘A’ rejected as a long barrow, but described as a “single, elongated barrow surrounded by a continuous ditch”. The ditch has been traced by geophysical survey and probing as a continuous feature in the surrounding arable field.

Details of barrow on Pastscape

(SU 32363873) An oval barrow. “Before I saw it from the air, I regarded it as a short long barrow. Its length is 110’; its breadth 80’; and its height 5’4”. From the air, however, ..., it is plainly revealed as not a long barrow. It has interesting features, however; it is made of dug chalk not scraped soil; and it is probably from the size and irregularity of the black belt marking the ditch, that the material of the mound was entirely derived from the surrounding ditch ...” (For a similar barrow on HANDLEY DOWN, DORSET, see Pitt-Rivers “Excavations in Cranborne Chase”, 4 pp 136-8). (1)
DANEBURY NORTH-EAST Long Barrow “A ‘short’ long barrow with side ditches which do not appear to go round the ends ... The
ditch is plainly visible on the north side though slight and shallow, but is barely visible on south”.
Oval Barrow 34m long, 27m wide & 1.3m high, flanked by side ditches, 7m wide & 0.2m deep. Orientation, 126 (magnetic).
Under cultivation: recently sown with grass. Now very much reduced by ploughing and the ditch is barely visible. However, Crawford’s evidence and the orientation suggest this is an oval barrow of rare type rather than a short long barrow.

Details of site on Pastscape

Iron Age hillfort, with multiple phases of occupation and development from the 7th to 1st century BC with evidence of Bronze Age and pre Bronze Age activity. Finds of a Roman coin and a few sherds of pottery suggest only sporadic visits in the Roman period. The last ditch recutting is of unknown date. It is possibly late Iron Age, but equally possible that it could have been done in the sub Roman period. Unstratified sherds of 5th or 6th century pottery have been found. Later the site was probably used for a rural fair, and a charter for such a fair was granted in the 16th century. The site was also used as a rabbit warren with resident warrener. Disused by the 17th century the ground was then subject to ‘improvment’. Danebury has been the subject of a major research project and excavation.