fitzcoraldo

fitzcoraldo

Miscellaneous expand_more 1-50 of 308 miscellaneous posts

Miscellaneous

Seaty Hill
Artificial Mound

On the top of Seaty Hill is a shallow ditch and bank enclosing a low mound 66ft in diameter.
On excavtion it was found that 2 holes had been dug into the mound, one of which contained a crouched burial. Raistrick classified the mound and burial as Bronze age.
13 secondary burials had been inserted into the suface of the mound and were thought to be early Iron Age. A bone pipe was found in one of these burials. The pipe had been fashioned from a sheeps tibia which was perforated with three finger holes.

Source
Archaeology of Malham Moor
Arthur Raistrick and Paul F. Holmes

Miscellaneous

King Arthur’s Round Table
Henge

Regarding Hob’s photo
themodernantiquarian.com/post/31699/king_arthurs_round_table.html
In Mayburgh and King Arthurs Round Table by C.W. Dymond CWAAS 1890.

In the inn yard, serving as a water butt, is a circular tank of red sandstone, 38ins in diameter and about 36ins in depth, which has been called “King Arthur’s Drinking-cup.” About this object, as many another, a baseless story has been started which, unless checked, may in time, become, by repetition, a fixed tradition of the spot. I find that even some antiquarians have been misled by confiding too easily in statements made to them, to the effect that this tank was dug up on the site of the Round Table; nay, that it has been found in the very centre thereof. I myself was told this improbable tale, till on closely cross-questioning my informant,-the same who had set the story afloat, – he acknowleged that he knew nothing about it; and that he had stated as fact that which he only supposed to be so. The aforesaid man-the most ancient authority in the village, having lived there for more than 60 years-testified that it had been in the inn yard, (though not in the same position) as long as he could remember. of course, this tank has never really had any connection with the earthwork over the way.

Miscellaneous

Burn Moor Complex

The Megaliths

Heedless, unheeded of the years they stand;
The rain drips off their chins and lichens spread
A moist green skin along each stony hand
That gropes among the bones of the grey dead.

They did not see the forests flow and fall -
Junipers blue wave by the fellside shore -
Nor barley batten by the coddling wall,
Nor purple ploughland swipe across the moor.

They hold death in them. Skulls have moulded ears
That deaf remain to curlew, crow and dove.
The human winds blow past them; each one fears
The hoarded ache of malignant love.

Norman Nicholson
Selected Poems
Faber & Faber
1966

Miscellaneous

The Fylingdales Stone
Carving

Firestone

Three thousand springs tombed beneath the peat,
each autumn spreads another blanket
to muffle the curlew’s sobs,
the pipits all.

One feckless fag end thumbed into the wind
and flame rips away your shroud;
leaves you nude staring up
at clouds.

In a carbonised land of blackened ling,
Saxon dykes, Danish tracks, alum roads,
tank ruts, a scatter of roasted adders
and bird silence.

Astonished at the sun, at the lenses, the men
measure your incised lines, the questions:
boundary stone? map to find Orion?
stone speech?

Or just some hide-clad priest’s contraption,
to be unveiled on sacred days to steer
the same old shivering fear safe
into his hands

Harry Nicholson July 2007

From
Voice of the Moors – Magazine of the North York Moors Association.
Issue 90 Autumn-Winter 2007
north-yorkshire-moors.org.uk/voice_magazine/voice_90.pdf

Miscellaneous

Potter Fell
Stone Circle

An almost overgrown circle of stones sited on a small natural ridge appears to be the kerb of a mound10-20cm high. How much of this mound is natural is unclear.

Prehistoric Monuments of the Lake District.
Tom Clare
Tempus
2007

Miscellaneous

Tullakeel
Cup and Ring Marks / Rock Art

Regarding the Drawing by Sir J.Y. Simpson.
Plate XXVII is a rough sketch of a large slab cut with cups and rings, and groups of circles apparently with radial grooves similar to those of Scotland and England, which was found in the western county of Kerry. A cast of it has been for many years in the museum of the Royal Irish Academy. My friend Dr Stokes states to me that he has seen a similar ring or circle cutting the rocks in situ a mile or two from the celebrated Staigue Fort in the same county.


From
Archaic Sculpturings of Cups, Circles, &c. upon Stones and Rocks in Scotland, England & other Countries
by
Sir J.Y. Simpson, Bart, MD, DCL
Published by
Edmonston & Douglas
Edinburgh 1867

Miscellaneous

La Blanche Pierre
Standing Stone / Menhir

The stone used to be the largest in the island (2.5m) until it was attacked by a farmer with a sledgehammer.
“This action, amazingly, was not at that stage illegal but he was forced to abandon his rape of the island’s heritage because of massive outcry”

Jersey in Prehistory
Mark Patton
La Haule Books
1987

Miscellaneous

Park Place
Chambered Tomb

Cet ancien monument, ces pierres, ces autels,
Ou le sang des humains offert an sacrifice
Ruissela, pour Dieux qu’enfantiot le caprice;
Ce monument, sans prix par son antiquite...

written to commemorate the movement of the monument from Jersey to Henley upon Thames

Miscellaneous

Republic of Malta
Country

Various useful WWW links for Malta

maltesering.com/
The Maltese webring with all sorts of useful stuff

heritagemalta.org/
Heritage Malta’s website. Lots of information plus that all important shop where you can book your place for a tour of the Hal Saflieni Hypogeum – BOOK EARLY!

atp.com.mt/
The excellent Maltese Public Transport Association website. Includes timetables and specific information on how to get to historic sites.

web.infinito.it/utenti/m/malta_mega_temples/index.html
Daniel Cilia’s superb website

geocities.com/RainForest/3096/ungul.html
C. Savona-Ventura’s articles

geocities.com/athens/agora/5685/index.html
Dr. Anton Bugeja’s excellent website

geocities.com/maltatemples/home.html
Mario Vassallo’s Sun Worship and the Megalithic Temples website.

weathermalta.net/websites/mariovassallo/3/
Another interesting website from Mario Vassallo on the Planning and layout of the Maltese temples

otsf.org/
OTS Foundation website

cisklager.com
Maltas Premier Beer – apparently it’s bottom fermented, that explains a lot!

Miscellaneous

Seal Howe
Cairn(s)

To add to the quotes by Paulus here is some more of what William Greenwell had to say about Seal Howe.

A cairn at the head of Oddendale, called Seal Howe, was also examined; some other cairns very much destroyed are in the immediate vicinity, and about 300 yards to the west is a double circle of stones. The place is traditionally spoken of as the site of a great battle, and there are extensive mounds of stone and earth thrown up as if for the purpose of entrenchment. Between the cairn and the circle there runs an ancient road which, following the high ground as much as possible and avoiding the valleys, was one of the main lines of route from Clifton to Borrow Bridge...

The position which this cairn occupies is very striking, and the scene, as viewed on the afternoon when the mound was opened, was one not easily to be forgotten by the explorers. As the sun lowered towards the mountains in the west a flood of golden light was thrown upon the moorland up to our very feet, turning the purple of the heather with a richer hue, and adding a more than common warmth to the red and grey lichen-covered boulders of Shap granite which lie like flocks of sheep upon the turf. Clouds, themselves aglow with the level rays of the setting sun, threw broad patches of shade upon the illuminated ground, and made the sunshine more vivid by the contrast. To the east was the broad and heavy range of Cross Fell, fronted and broken by the three sharp cones of Murton, Knock, and Dufton Pikes, and over which,at its northern end, the far distant mountains of Cheviot were just to be distinguished. Stretching down in the direction of the broad valley of the Eden, and converging in the wooded hollow in which lies the village of Crosby Ravensworth, the spire of its church just peeping from out the trees, were the tributary valleys of Oddendale and Crosby Gill. The former, with its grey stone walls and clumps of trees, marking the site where the slated roof and curl of blue smoke showed that some statesman had his home ; the latter, the deep rocky gorge of the Lyvennet as it speeds from its sources on the moor, its sides clothed with natural wood, the representative of larger forests, where the ancient Briton had hunted the stag and boar, and where in later days Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, a local magnate of Tudor times, had his hunting-lodge.

On the south, Ravenstonedale and Tebay Fells closed the view, deeply furrowed by precipitous side-valleys winding far away into the bosom of the hills, and coloured with green and purple and gold under the light and shadow of sun and cloud. Westward over Shap, with its scattered monoliths once forming an avenue and circle, and its ruined abbey, alike companions in decay, the eye, overlooking the intervening valleys of Wet Sleddale and Swindale, passed across the great hollow in which lies Hawes Water to the flat-topped ridge of High Street, relieved at one place by the sharp point of Kidsty Pike. Further on to the north-west was Saddleback, the ancient Blencathra, with Skiddaw just seen beyond it ; and then Carrock Fell, and flatter land carrying the eye along almost
into Scotland.

British Barrows. A Record of the Examination of Sepulcheal mounds in Various Parts of England
By William Greenwell, M.A. F.S.A
1877

Miscellaneous

Oddendale Cairn I
Cairn(s)

In his 2007 book, Prehistoric Monuments of the Lake District, Tom Clare states that,
in 1972 the author was assured by a resident that he had not built it. However thirty years later the story has changed.

Miscellaneous

Old Man O’Mow
Cairn(s)

At Mow Cop is a rude upright pillar, called the Old Man at Mow, and believed by the country people to have been an idol, once the object of worship. It is needless to add that the British word Maen signifies a stone, and that the prefix ” old ” or ” elder,” is merely a Saxon epithet to denote its antiquity.

From
Druidical Remains in Yorkshire.
by
J. K. Walker, D.D.
In
The Gentleman’s Magazine Library:
Being a classified collection of the chief contents of The Gentlman’s Magazine from 1731 to 1868
Edited by
George Laurence Gomme, F.S.A.

Miscellaneous

Esslie the Greater
Stone Circle

One of the three monuments, which is on rising ground close to the farm of West Mulloch, I found in such a dilapidated condition as to render an accurate survey impossible ; but from it I saw another about half a mile further in an oat-field upon lower ground. While I was engaged in measuring it the rumbling sound of thunder beyond the distant hills warned me to be expeditious, and as the storm-clouds rolled over the mountain tops with great rapidity, and rain began to descend, I thought it prudent to quit the exposed open country and seek shelter in a cart-shed of Esslie Farm. For several hours, Louder and louder than mortal gunpowder The heavenly artillery kept crashing and roaring, The lightning kept flashing, the rain too kept pouring,
but long before the storm ceased I was compelled to commence my return journey to Banchory Station, which I reached footsore and drenched to the skin. This was the most severe thunderstorm of the season, and many fatal casualties occurred in Scotland on this day.
The long stone filling up the space between two erect stones of the outer ring, exists both in the West Mulloch and Esslie monuments.

The Rev. W. C. LUKIS, F.S.A.

From
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.
NOVEMBER 29, 1883, TO JULY 2, 1885-
SECOND SERIES, VOL. X.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY NICHOLS AND SONS, FOR
THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES,
BURLINGTON HOUSE.

Miscellaneous

Tyrebagger
Stone Circle

August 6. The sixth monument I surveyed is situated in Aberdeenshire about two miles from Dyce Junction, on the line of railway to Inverness, on high ground a short way from some extensive granite quarries. It stands in a clump of trees, and is concealed from view until you are quite close to it. A low wall sweeps round a part of it, and it is a favourite resort of holiday folk. It goes by the name of ‘the standing stones of Dyce.’ This monument has been more injured than those of Auchincorthie, for the cairn has been entirely removed, and the area has been so excavated that it forms quite a basin. In one part a few stones of an inner ring remain, and are so much overgrown with broom and grass as to be scarcely visible. Its original construction “was evidently of the same character as those already described; and here again we find the enigmatical broad stone in the gap between two lofty erect stones of the outer circle. The broad stone has fallen inwards and rests in an inclined position upon one or two small stones, which probably formed part of the inner ring. The stones of the outer ring are of very unequal heights; the tallest being 9 feet 7 inches and the shortest 3 feet.

The Rev. W. C. LUKIS, F.S.A.

From
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.
NOVEMBER 29, 1883, TO JULY 2, 1885
SECOND SERIES, VOL. X.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY NICHOLS AND SONS, FOR
THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES,
BURLINGTON HOUSE.

Miscellaneous

Obtrusch
Cairn(s)

This goblin-haunted mound was elevated several feet above the moorland, and was covered with heath. Under this was a great collection of sandstones loosely thrown together, which had been gathered from the neighbouring surface. On removing them, a circle of broader and larger stones appeared set on edge, in number 25, or, allowing for a vacant place, 26. Within this was another circle, composed of smaller stones set edgeways, in number 25 or 26 ; and the centre of the inner space was occupied by a rectangular kist, composed of four flagstones set edgeways. The sides of this cyst pointed east and west and north and south ; the greatest length being from east to west. On arriving at this fortunate result of our labour, our expectations were a little raised as to what might follow. But within the kist were no urns, no bones, no treasures of any kind, except a tail-feather from some farmyard chanticleer. The countrymen said this place of ancient burial had been opened many years ago, and that then gold was found in it. It seemed to us that it must have been recently visited by a fox.

Considering the position of the kist, set with careful attention to the cardinal points; the two circles of stone; the number of these stones, which if completed appeared to be 26; it seemed not unreasonable conjecture, that the construction contained traces of astronomical knowledge, of the solar year, and weekly periods. I dare not confidently affirm this. Was this a relique of an early British chief, or of a later Scandinavian warrior ? for such circles have been raised in Scandinavia and the Orkney Islands by the Northmen, and this is a district which the Northmen colonized. A similar circle of stones occurs at Cloughton near Scarborough.

The Rivers, Mountains and Sea Coast

By
John Phillips, F.R.S.
LONDON
1853.

Miscellaneous

High & Low Bridestones Dovedale
Natural Rock Feature

Bridestones. Picturesque pillars of rock on our moors, particularly near Blakey Topping, at which love and marriage ceremonies were practised in former times, as these rites of the ancient Britons are recorded to have taken place near their cromlechs or altar- stones. Formed by long aqueous and atmospheric action dispersing the softer parts and leaving the harder standing (such being the cause assigned for their appearance), one among the shapes has been likened to a gigantic mush- room, being 30 feet high, 20 feet broad at the top, on a stalk only three feet broad in one part and seven feet in another.

A Glossary of Words used in the Neighbourhood of Whitby.
By F. K. ROBINSON of Whitby.
London MDCCCLXXVI.

Taken from
PUBLICATIONS OF THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY
COUNTY FOLK-LORE
XLV/ 1899.

Miscellaneous

North Yorkshire

“I the North Riding am for spaciousness renown’d
Our mother Yorkshire’s eld’st.”

POLY-OLBION. The Works of Michael Drayton, Esq. In four volumes.
London MDCCLIII. Vol. II..

Miscellaneous

The Devil’s Arrows
Standing Stones

This reference from Rydale and North Yorkshire Antiquities by George Frank published in 1888 echoes Paulus’s account from E. Boggs regarding the fate of the fourth stone.

A fourth ‘Arrow’ originally stood near the central one ...The upper half of this stone is in the grounds of Alborough Manor, the lower portion having being used at Boroughbridge, in building the foundations of ‘Peggy Bridge’.

From
The Boroughbridge Town Council website
boroughbridge.org.uk/process/17/DevilsArrows.html

The upper section of the fourth stone is claimed to stand in the grounds of Aldborough Manor and the lower part is believed to form part of the bridge which crosses the River Tutt in St. Helena just a few hundred yards away on the route into the town centre. Large pieces of the same millstone grit have turned up in the garden of a house bordering the field in which the enclosure containing the largest arrow stands.

Two large boulders of the same material as the stones have been found in the garden of a house only a hundred yards or so from the line of the stones and may possibly be part of the fourth stone which was broken up by treasure hunters..

Miscellaneous

Cumbria

A lovely dialect tribute to Thomas Bland.
Taken from LEGENDS AND HISTORICAL NOTES ON PLACES OF NORTH WESTMORELAND.
BY THOS. GIBSON, M.D.
Published 1887

THE ANTIQUARY.
BY ANTHONY WHITEHEAD, OF REAGILL, NEAR SHAP.

YE strangers that ramble down’t Vale of Lyvennet, To see bonny Nature and breathe the fresh air, Fra the spring at Black Dub a’t way down to the Eden There’s seines interesting, romantic, and rare.
Westward fra the Dub ‘boute a cannon-shot distance There’s cromlecks an’ cairns full of auld Celtic baynes ; A temple where’t Druids sang prayers to the plannets, Set aw arround wi’ a circle o’ staynes.
An’ in times leayter still, when the Romans reayde foray, An’ meayde a new wroad as they crossed ouer the fell, May be seen to this day, near the black dub ye find it, An’ if you dispute me ga see for yoursel’.
There’s many quere places a’t way doon the valley, An’ Hamelets or toons where the Brittans did dwell ; There’s traces o’ some to be seen in t’ Lang-deayle, But men, farther larn’d, their origin may tell.
Crosby Kirk, of auld standing, next claims oor attention, Wi’ awe an’ wi’ reverence oor minds for to fill ; Flass House is a feature ‘at ought to be mentioned, An’ Addison’s birthplace on Meaburn Hill.
But the main pleayce I wish to point out to your notice Is Reagill, where yance leev’d the fam’d Thomas Bland, An’ auld antiquary, cramfull o’ queer notions As any you’ll find in the length o’ the land.
He kent a’ the history o’ t’ world’s creation, Fra t’ making of Adam to t’ birth o’ Tom Thumb ; He tell’t us the earth’s composition was gasses, An’ fowak meayde of air seayme as a baloon.
He talk’d about metals being fused by eruption,
An’ how they were melted like souder or tin ; He kent aw the strata of rock fra the surface Aw t’ way doon to the boiling het fluid within.
He scabbl’d off shells fra the hard rock o’ limestone, An’ sed they’d been fishes, some thousand years sen ; He was crack’d, that’s a cartainty, out of aw question, To think of imposing o’ sensible men.
Then sec a collection of rubbish an’ kelder, Auld things ‘at he tell’t us the Brittans yance meayde ; Bits o’ spears, meayde o’ flint, broken millstones and trinkums, Sec a cargo o’ kelder, a decent ship-leayde.
Gang when you would, between sunrise an’ setting, You’d find him in’t garden, or else in his den, Where he spent aw his time wi’ his mell an’ his chisel, His paint-brush an’ canvas or scetch-book an’ pen.
He wad travel ten mile, wi’ a sketch-bewke in nap-sack, To draw some auld shield ‘at he might wish to see ; An’ than fra the dots, cross lines, an’ the shap on’t, He wad spin oot a yarn of their lang pedigree ;
An’ tell who’s it was, whether duke, lord, or baron, An’ how they behaved when they went a crusade ; Or, if ‘twas a she ‘at the shield had belanged tul, He could tell ye at yance if sh’d deed an auld maid.
He’d creatures of aw macks stuck up in his garden, Fra a Hippotamus to Whittington’s cat ;
Lions, dogs, deevils, wild boars, an’ teayme eagles, Beats Wombwell’s Managery hollow an’ flat.
There’s Addison, Caesar, St. George, an’ Hugh Miller, Poet Burns, an’ lots mair, I forgitten their neayms ; An’ busts o’ girt men fra aw parts o’ the world, An’ some in the meun, I dare say, hed their heayms.
In the cauld days o’ winter he set on a fire In a grate like a helmet, stuck in a w’hole ; A shield for his shovel, a sword for his poker, And an Indian tomahawk split the girt-cwoal.
He pay’d equal respect to a bewk-larn’d beggar,
A hawker, a squire, a duke, or a lord ; If they talk’d about science or tell’t a good stowry He grappled it aw, without missing a word.
Tho’ a wreck of the former, ‘tis still interesting,
An’ the owner will give you admission quite free ; Sea, if you be strangers, don’t fear you’ll be welcome, If you come up to Reagill, the Garden to see.

Miscellaneous

Ringstone Edge Moor

Nor can I omit to mention, as one more example of stone circles in the parish of Halifax, a ring of stones, which is not altogather destroyed, in the township of Bankisland. The stones of this circle are not now erect, but lie in a confused heap, like the ruins of a building, and it is probable that many of the largest have been taken away. It gives the name of Ringstone Edge to the adjacent moor.

Gentleman’s Magazine Library
Edited by George Lawrence Gomme, FSA.
Archaeology Part II
1886

Miscellaneous

Silbury Hill
Artificial Mound

from an article entitled Folk Games at Silbury Hill with details provided by Mr John Goulstone

An account in The Gloucester Journal on 9 November 1736 describes how a dinner was served on the summit while between 4000 and 5000 people sat at the foot of Silbury and on a facing eminence, all of which was made a very agreeable appearance. A bull was baited at the top and bottom of the hill and:
There was also backsword, wrestling, bowling and dancing. The same diversions were repeated on the 2nd day, and also running round the hill for a petticoat. The 3rd day the bull was divided by Mr Smith amongst his poor neighbours on top of the hill, where they diverted themselves with bonfires, ale and roast beef for several hours...

Folk Games at Silbury Hill and Stonehenge
Notes and News
Antiquity
Vol. LIX No. 225 March 1985

Miscellaneous

Sunkenkirk
Stone Circle

In the parish of Millum, in the same county, there did exist the remains of a Druidical temple, which the country people called ” sunken kirk,” i.e., a church sunk into the earth. It is nearly a circle of very large stones, pretty entire, only a few fallen upon sloping ground in a swampy meadow. At the entrance there are four large stones, two on each side, at the distance of 6 feet. Through these you enter into a circular area, 29 yards by 30. The entrance is nearly south-east. It seems probable that the altar stood in the middle, as there are some stones still to be seen there, though sunk deep in the earth. The situation and aspect of the Druidical temple near Keswick is in every respect similar to this, except the rectangular recess, formed by ten large stones, which is peculiar to Keswick.

And I am informed that there are other remains of stone circles in these northern districts, where there yet exist so many popular superstitions and customs. Indeed, we find in Camden’s account of Westmoreland allusion made to the ruins of one ancient round structure, which has always been considered to have been a temple dedicated to Diana, but which i now known by the name of Kirkshead. Many such instances will be found in the ancient monuments of Scotland. Sometimes there are two circles of stones, at others three circles, having the same common centre.
From the general arrangement of the stones, one of the largest having a cavity, at the bottom of which there is a passage for any liquid sacrifice to run down the side of it, nothing can be more evident than that the triple circle of stones was intended as an heathen temple, where Pagan priests performed their idolatrous ceremonies ; and what is most remarkable is, that most of these singular structures are still known by the name of chapels or temple stones.

By
J. T. Blight
From
The Gentlemans Magazine
1843

Miscellaneous

The Shap Avenues
Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue

Hep, Hepe, or as now ‘tis called Shap, a small Village, once famous for a small Monastery, of which we shall hereafter in its Place particularly speak, but now of no Note, save for certain great Stones in the Form of Pyramids, (some of them nine Foot high, and fourteen thick) almost in a direct Line, and at equal Distances for a Mile together. They seem intended to be the memorials of some Action or other, but Distance of Time hath made it impossible for us to find out the occasion, having no history of this county.

Magna Britannica et Hibernia.Volume 6: Westmorland
by Thomas Cox
1731

Miscellaneous

King Arthur’s Round Table
Henge

On the southern bank of the Eamont is an intrenched amphitheatre, called King Arthur’s Round Table, in ancient times used as a tilting-ground; and near it is another relic of antiquity, named Mayburgh, which is supposed to have been the Gymnasium, where the wrestlers, racers, and others of the humbler class performed their exercises.

From: ‘Eachwick – Earnley’, A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 121-124.
URL: british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50933.

Miscellaneous

Grey Yauds
Stone Circle

“A third circle of stones, of the same kind, called the Grey Yawd, is described by Nicolson and Burn, as being on the summit of the fell called King Harry, in the parish of Cumwhitton, consisting of about 88 stones, set in an exact circle of about 52 yards in diameter; one single stone, larger than the rest, standing out of the circle, about five yards to the northwest ”

From: ‘Antiquities: Roman’, Magna Britannia: volume 4: Cumberland (1816), pp. CXXVIII-CLXXXIX.
URL: british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50671..

Miscellaneous

Long Meg & Her Daughters
Stone Circle

“British Antiquities. — Of the rude memorials of the early inhabitants of this island, a considerable number occur in the county of Cumberland, the largest and most complete of these is the circle of stones called Long Meg and her daughters, in the parish of Addingham, on the road from that place to Little-Salkeld; this circle is 350 feet in diameter, and consists of stones of various kinds, and of unequal height; some above nine feet high, and others hardly appearing above the surface of the earth; on the south side, at the distance of about seventeen paces from the circle, stands a single upright stone, eighteen feet high, from which this monument derives its name, and between this and the circle are two others of smaller size, forming a sort of square projection from the south side of the circle.”

From: ‘Antiquities: Roman’, Magna Britannia: volume 4: Cumberland (1816), pp. CXXVIII-CLXXXIX.
URL: british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50671.

Miscellaneous

Clifton Standing Stones
Standing Stones

According to Tom Clare in his excellent new book, Prehistoric Monuments of the Lake District.
“in the nineteenth century they were variously referred to as Crummack Stone and Cromlech Stone; the latter suggesting that they were considered to be the remains of a tomb.”

Prehistoric Monuments of the Lake District
by Tom Clare
2007
Tempus Publishing Ltd

Miscellaneous

Orkney

TO ORKNEY.

Land of the whirlpool,—torrent,—foam,
Where oceans meet in madd’ning shock;
The beetling cliff,—the shelving holm,—
The dark insidious rock.
Land of the bleak,—the treeless moor,—
The sterile mountain, sered and riven,—
The shapeless cairn, the ruined tower,
Scathed by the bolts of heaven,—
The yawning gulf,—the treacherous sand,—
I love thee still, MY NATIVE LAND.

Land of the dark,—the Punic rhyme,—
The mystic ring,—the cavern hoar,—
The Scandinavian seer, sublime
In legendary lore.
Land of a thousand sea-kings’ graves,—
Those tameless spirits of the past,
Fierce as their subject arctic waves,
Or hyperborean blast,—
Though polar billows round thee foam,
I love thee!—thou wert once my home.

With glowing heart and island lyre,
Ah! would some native bard arise,
To sing, with all a poet’s fire,
Thy stern sublimities,—
The roaring flood,—the rushing stream,—
The promontory wild and bare,—
The pyramid, where sea-birds scream,
Aloft in middle air,—
The Druid temple on the heath,
Old even beyond tradition’s birth.

Though I have roamed through verdant glades,
In cloudless climes, ‘neath azure skies,
Or pluck’d from beauteous orient meads,
Flowers of celestial dies,—
Though I have laved in limpid streams,
That murmur over golden sands,
Or basked amid the fulgid beams
That flame o’er fairer lands,
Or stretched me in the sparry grot,—
My country! THOU wert ne’er forgot.

By David Vedder ‘The sailor-poet of Orkney‘

Taken from
The Voyage of the Betsey by Hugh Miller.

gerald-massey.org.uk/miller/c_betsey_10.htm#XV.

Miscellaneous

Minninglow
Burial Chamber

Mark the concentered hazels that enclose
Yon old grey Stone, protected from the ray
Of noontide suns:-and even the beams that play
And glance, while wantonly the rough wind blows,
Are seldom free to touch the moss that grows
Upon that roof, amid embowering gloom,
The very image framing of a Tomb,
In which some ancient Chieftain finds repose
Among the lonely mountains.- Live, ye trees!
And thou, grey Stone, the pensive likeness keep
Of a dark chambers where the Mighty sleep:
For more tan fancy to the influence bends
Where solitary Nature condescends
To mimic Times forlorn humanities.

William Wordsworth
Miscellaneous Sonnets
Published 1815.

Miscellaneous

Rostellan
Portal Tomb

The Valley of The Black Pig
THE dews drop slowly and dreams gather:unknown spears
Suddenly hurtle before my dream-awakened eyes,
And then the clash of fallen horsemen and the cries
Of unknown perishing armies beat about my ears.
We who still labour by the cromlech on the shore,
The grey cairn on the hill, when day sinks drowned in dew,
Being weary of the world’s empires, bow down to you,
Master of the still stars and of the flaming door.

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

Miscellaneous

Iron Hill
Cairn circle

On Harberwain Rigg is a remarkable mound occupying a very elevated position; its diameter is fourteen yards, and surrounded by eighteen large boulders. It was carelessly opened a few years ago, and in the south-west side was
found a human skeleton of gigantic proportions; but whether he had been in a cist of how laid was not noticed. Along with the bones were found portions of the horns of the red deer. The mound is called Iren Hill, doubtless a corruption. Half way between it and the stone circle was found in a cleft of the rock a bronze dagger blade, thirteen inches in length and four inches broad at the hilt. It is of very good orkmanship. Whether it is coeval with the mound is doubtful; but it is a good specimen of the weapon which supplanted those of the stone age, and in the hand of the Briton opposed the advance of the Roman legions.

From
The Vale of the Lyvenett
T.S. Bland

Miscellaneous

Wheeldale Moor Cist
Cist

‘I should also like to comment on the ‘road’ across Wheeldale Moor, which you illustrated on the front cover. This structure is often referred to as one of the best surviving instances of unaltered, though robbed, Roman road construction. However, apart from being roughly on a line drawn between Cawthorn Roman camps and the Roman fortlet on Lease Rigg, it has none of the characteristics of a Roman road. It is restricted to Wheeldale Moor, and follows a sinuous course. It is also broken by watercourses. For some time I have suspected that this monument is in fact a Neolithic or Early Bronze Age boundary line‘

An extract from a letter from the Archaeologist Blaise Vyner published in British Archaeology, no 29, November 1997
The full letter is here
britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba29/ba29lets.html

Miscellaneous

White Raise
Cairn(s)

White-raise, a large karn of stones, and near it are the remains of a small circus, ten stones of which are still erect. A little further on, are the vestiges of a larger one of 22 paces by 25. All the stones except the pillar are removed. It stands on the south side of the circus, and the place is called Moor-Dovack

A Guide to the Lakes.
by Thomas West.
Published by 1778

Miscellaneous

Penhurrock

“Penhurrock, the highest point by the road leading from Crosby to Orton, was a large mound of stones, but it has been removed and broken up for road metal, with the exception of a few boulders of granite. Its diameter was about twenty yards, having in the centre a cist surrounded by an irregular circle of stones about eleven yards across; the boulders are only very small, and have been covered up in the mound. A quantity of bones was found, some of them of gigantic proportions: and what is rather curious, in a small cavity on one side were found a quantity of ashes, remains of the fire by which the bodies had been consumed. As no account was kept of the deposition of its contents, in what position the entire skeletons were found, or where the ashes of those consumed had been placed, we can form no decided opinion respecting its age; but from its mixed contents it was probably used as a burial place by different succeeding races.”

From: The Vale of Lyvennet
by J.S. Bland
Published 1910

Miscellaneous

Gunnerkeld
Stone Circle

“To the most ancient inhabitants many authors ascribe the origin of the various stone circles to be found in different parts of the country. There are two remarkable ones in this district, one in Gunnerskeld bottom, and another near Odindale Head. The former is situate on a level area elevated a little above the bed of the stream. It is a circle of large granite boulders eighteen in number, some of which are still standing upright seven feet high, while many have fallen one way or the other. The circle is thirty-eight yards in diameter; and within it is another formed by thirty-one stones much smaller in size and eighteen years in diameter; within this has been apparently a mound, most of which is removed for the sake of the stones and the earth has been thrown into a heap outside; there are still some large stones left and three in the centre are situated as though they may have formed part of a cromlech. There is no record of anything having been found, and the word Gunnerskeld is of too modern a character to throw any light on the matter.

From: The Vale of Lyvennet
By J. S. Bland
Published 1910

Miscellaneous

The Shap Avenues
Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue

“Towards the south end of the village of Shap, near the turnpike road, on the east side thereof, there is a remarkable monument of antiquity, which is an area upwards of half a mile in length, and between 20 and 30 yards broad, encompassed with large stones (which that country abounds) many of them three or four yards in diameter, at 8, 10 or 12 yards distance, which of such immense weight that no carriage now in use could support them. Undoubtedly this hath been a place of druid worship, which they always performed in the open air, within this kind of enclosure, shaded with wood, as this place of old time appears to have been, although now there is scarce a tree to be seen (Shap Thorn only excepted, planted on top of the hill for the direction of travellers). At the high end of this place of worship, there is a circle of the like stones about 80 feet in diameter, which was the sanctum sanctorum (as it were) and place of sacrifice”.

From: The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland
By Joseph Nicolson, Richard Burn
Published 1777
Available via Google Books

Miscellaneous

Mayburgh Henge
Henge

Near this vill (Eamont Bridge) are two curious monuments of antiquity. One on the south side thereof called Maybrough Castle, almost the shape of a horse shoe, having the entrance on the east side leading into an area 88 yards in diameter. It hath consisted of a single rampier of stones, of which the rubbish now lies loose in ruins, partly grown over with wood. Many of the larger stones were taken away in the reign of King Hen. 6 for the repair of Penrith Castle. Near the middle, towards the western part, is a large stone, upwards three yards in height: formerly there have been several others. It seems to have been, like many other circular inclosures, a place of worship in the times of the ancient druids.
The other is at the south east end of the village, by the side on the left hand going to Penrith, called the Round Table; being a round trench, with two entrances opposite to each other at the north and south. The diameter of the circle within the ring is about 120 feet. It seems to have been a justing-place. The country people call it King Arthur’s Round Table, and perhaps the knights, after justing and exercise, might dine here.

From: The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland
By Joseph Nicolson, Richard Burn
Published 1777
Available via Google Books

I suppose it is worth noting that Nicholson makes no mention of the Little Table.

Miscellaneous

Castle Folds
Ancient Village / Settlement / Misc. Earthwork

“Behind the scar, opposite to Raisbeck, about half a mile on the east side of the way as one goeth towards Asby, is a place called Castle Folds , in a situation exceeding well contrived, whereunto to draw their cattle in case of sudden inroad of the Scots, of which notice was immediately communicated by the beacons. In which place the cattle would be secure, until upon the alarm given, the country might rise against invaders. It is a solitary place, not likely to be sought after or found, and situated in a large tracts of naked rocks, the soils being washed off by rains and not accessible. The place hath been strongly walled about, and contains an area of about an acre and a half; and at the highest corner there hath been a fort, about seven yards square within, by way of shelter for the keepers, and as a kind of citadel to retire to, if the outworks should be taken.”

From: The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland
By Joseph Nicolson, Richard Burn
Published 1777
Available via Google Books

Miscellaneous

Rawthey Bridge
Stone Circle

“In the high street, leading from Kirkby Stephen to Sedbergh, near Rathey Bridge, is a circle of large stones, supposed to be a monument of druid worship.”

From: The History and Antiquities of Westmorland and Cumberland
by Joseph Nicholson and Richard Burn
Published 1777
Available via Google Books

THE PARISH OF ST. OSWALD, RAVENSTONEDALE.
ANTIQUITIES.
In this parish we have a Stone Circle near Rawthey Bridge.

From: ‘Parishes (East Ward): St Oswald, Ravenstonedale’, The Later Records relating to North Westmorland: or the Barony of Appleby (1932), pp. 214-26. URL: british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43514.

The ancient Briton, who were here, have left behind them but few traces of their occupations, but in the Fell End Angle, the south-eastern quarter of the parish near Rawthey Bridge, there are megalithic remains of a stone circle.

From: A Tour In Westmorland by Sir Clement Jones, published 1948
fivenine.co.uk/local_history_notebook/A%20Tour%20in%20Westmorland/chapter_6.htm

Rawthey Bridge
Little is known about this site. Nicholson and Burn place it by the road from Kirkby Stephen to Sedbergh near Rawthey bridge, i.e. just on the edge of the Howgill Fells. They describe it simply as a circle of large stones, supposed to be a monument of Druid worship.

The Stone Circles of Cumbria
John Waterhouse
Pub. Phillimore &Co.
1985

Miscellaneous

Oddendale
Stone Circle

“The one near Odindale Head is similar, at first sight inspires a truly Ossianic feeling. It is situated on a hill of “dark brown heath,” it is formed of an outer circle of thirty stones not so large as those at Gunnerskeld, twenty-five yards in diameter, within which is another circle of twenty-one stones closely packed to each other seven yards in diameter; within this are a number of other stones irregularly laid, similar to Gunnerskeld. It was opened in presence of Rev. J. Simpson, but nothing was found excepting a small portion of black carbonaceous matter. A peculiar feature is that there is an upright stone placed outside the inner and within the outer circle on the south-east side. On the north side about seven yards distant is the remains of another circle, fourteen yards in diameter, having another within of four yards, but many of the stones have been removed.
Respecting the origin of these circles authors differ considerably, some considering them to be the temples of the Druids, within whose mystic bounds sacrificial rites were performed; while others attribute them to a later people, the Pagan Saxons, Angles or Danes.
Odindale, like Gunnerskeld, is a name significant of the latter people. Odin was the one great god of the Gothic nations, from whom they all claimed descent, and to whom, of course, their greatest honours were paid.”

The Vale of Lyvennet
J.S. Bland
Published 1910

Miscellaneous

Threaplands (destroyed?)
Stone Circle

‘There are also other circles much smaller in size and each on elevated ground, one near Threaplands is formed of seven granite boulders, and is five yards in diameter; some of the stones are six feet in length. ‘

The Vale of Lyvennet
J. Bland
1910

Miscellaneous

The Shap Avenues
Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue

“On the east side of the road, soon after you leave the village [Shap going S], observe a double range of huge granites, pitched in the ground, and at some distance from each other, leading to circles of small stones, and increasing the space between the rows as they approach the circles, where the avenue is about 27 paces wide. They are supposed to have run quite through the village, and terminated in a point. It has long embarrassed the antiquaries what to call this very uncommon monument of ancient date. Mr. Pennant has given a plausible explanation of it from Olaus Magnus, and supposes the row of granites to be the recording stones of a Danish victory obtained on the spot, and the stony circles to be grateful tributes to the memory of consanguineous heroes slain in the action.”
Guide book, A Guide to the Lakes
by Thomas West,
published by William Pennington, Kendal
1821

Miscellaneous

Scober
Stone Circle

THE PARISH OF ST. COLOMBE, WARCOP.
Including the Manors of Sandford, Burton and Bleatarn.

ANTIQUITIES.
In this parish we have the “Druid’s Temple, “half a mile N.E. of Scober.....a stone circle 50 paces in diameter

From: ‘Parishes (East Ward): St Colombe, Warcop’, The Later Records relating to North Westmorland: or the Barony of Appleby (1932), pp. 227-36.

https://193.39.212.223/report.asp?compid=43515.

Miscellaneous

Annaside
Stone Circle

In his book The Stone Circles of Cumbria, John Waterhouse states that all that remains of the Annaside Circle is ‘a huge boulder of coursely crystaline-granite 1.37m high and 3m long’.

From
The Stone Circles of Cumbria
John Waterhouse
Pub. 1985
Phillimore & Co Ltd

Miscellaneous

Ash House
Carving

Regarding Stan Beckensalls comments on the origins of the grooves on the Ash House stone.
John Waterhouse speculates that they ‘may have resulted from abortive attempts to topple the stone during the destruction of the circle’.
Megalithic Portal contributor, Jack Morris- Eyton states that the grooves were caused by wartime timber felling operations.
See his comments here
https://194.9.32.142/modules.php?op=modload&name=a312&file=index&do=showpic&pid=15910

Miscellaneous

Hall Foss
Stone Circle

In his book The Stone Circles of Cumbria, John Waterhouse quotes the following reference to the destroyed circle.
‘At Hall Foss are the remains of a Druidical Temple called “Standing Stones” consisting of eight massive rude columns, disposed in a circle 25 yards in diameter”.

From
The Stone Circles of Cumbria
John Waterhouse
Pub. 1985
Phillimore & Co Ltd

Miscellaneous

Brougham
Stone Circle

This circle was described by Pennant in his 18th century Itinary of Scotland & Northern England. he described the site as a large circle of grit stones about 60ft in diameter surrounding a vast cairn of stones. Pennant located the site to opposite Mayburgh on the other side of the Eamont. Waterhouse says that this would place the circle in the southern outskirts of Penrith.
The OS grid reference supplied here comes from the Cumbria County Councils Historic Environment Record.

Miscellaneous

Kildale Un-named stone
Standing Stone / Menhir

An Awd Steean Stoup

A grey steean stoup oot yonder stands,
on t’hill-sahde bleak an cawd;
It catches ivvery storm at blaws
Fre t’dale an t’moorland rooad,
A great steean posst, all weather-bet -
There’s few at kens hoo awd.

“What use is sike?” Ah hear em say,
When gauvin roond seea fond.
If t’snaw-flags stoored upon yon moor,
An you gat lost, mah frind,
You might be wayant an pleased ti see
Yon awd stoup set on end.

F.W. Dowson

Miscellaneous

Robin Hood’s Butts (Brow Moor)
Round Barrow(s)

These barrows may also have also been known as the ‘Old Wife Howes’ or Houes. There are a number of barrow groups on the northern edge of the moor.
They we dug by the enthusiastic barrow digger the Rev William Greenwell. In Recent Researches in Barrows in Yorkshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire etc Greenwell numbers one of them as CCLXIX.
One can be seen here
themodernantiquarian.com/post/22392
and then in the background of these pictures
themodernantiquarian.com/post/43452
themodernantiquarian.com/post/43428