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"... but I don't see any reason why megaliths would have to require settlement or farming as a pre-cursor."

One of the initial factors was 'spare time'. When farming you have broader communities and can share the workload. Then occasionally you can all chip in and build a megalithic structure while the women are doing the weeding :-)

Of course, the abundant food supply that AQ mentions would provide exactly that spare time. I feel ignorant now, though, because I've no idea when those abundant conditions began and ended. Perhaps it was the onset of this period of abundance which resulted in a shift in people's consciousness? Having time to sit down and think?

How much spare time would it need, I wonder?
That would probably depend on the monument. Maybe smaller ones could have been built by a handful of people, groups of hunter-gatherers as you say. Slowly moving stones a bit every time they pass, taking years and tears to complete the building. Adding bits, altering the plans that had been told to them by previous generations.

Speaking of spare time it is actually hunter-gatherers that have plenty of it rather than the agriculturalists who replace them

Hunter-gathers often have far more free time than farmers.
The bushmen of south west africa can attend to all their needs - food gathering, shelter etc in about 12 hrs a week.