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Haven’t you often wondered why there is an almost surprising total absence of megalithic sites in the Inner Continent (i.e. south and east of Germany and further south, around the Balkans)? Of course, there is an awful amount of wooden paraphernalia (both material and monumental) which is long gone, but "surprising" because this became the first centre of Neolithic Europe two or three millenia earlier than here.

For the casual observer of stones, it may be "amazing" to know that more than 100,000 Neolithic figurines almost certainly representing ancient divinities have been found so far. Even many border-bound archaeologists disguise their own ignorance by using the common phrase 'we will never know what the ancients, blah blah' without even looking beyond the limits of their county parish. Without even bothering to look into the evidence, it is a common thing to call those who are at least re-visiting these paths *the Fringe*. But let’s not forget that even Stukeley is now being reclaimed.

http://groups.msn.com/AncientWisdomCulturesPeople/vinca2.msnw

http://www.rastko.org.yu/arheologija/vinca/vinca_eng.html

http://www.snaga.org.yu/Ilustrovana_istorija_srba/tekst/engleski/01/01-02-neolit.html

And the beauty of these human, half-human, phallic or pregnancy representations is worth the effort. Although there is a big lack of sculpture in Megalithic Europe (excepting the areas round the Mediterranean), it is almost certain that with the spread of farming from the Balkans came the spread of religious ideals, in the same way that many of the central European henges precede the Insular ones in 2,000 years or even more. Atlantic Europe was on the fringe of these developments and was slow to adopt (even conservative) in the *main areas* of the West, where I am convinced megalithic monuments were started JUST BEFORE the arrival of farming. I have here long ago raved about the early dating of the cromlechs around Evora, making them the first pre-Neolithic thangs, and with the dates in the British Isles also being pushed further backwards, it's going to make Stonehenge (ca 2,000 BCE) look one day like a relic of the Modern Industrial Age.

During the Mesolithic environmental conditions around the Atlantic were exceptionally good in terms of plant-gathering and seafood. The famous Mesolithic shell deposits at Muge (Portugal) or the ones in Denmark coincide with the areas which would start creating monuments very early on, always not too far from the ocean. I mean even the Ur-temples at Carrowmore have their own shell deposits!!! It may have been a casual coincidence for an Irish researcher to find huge amounts of shells in Ireland, but when they look outside their window to find that it was the general trend all over the Atlantic during the centuries preceding the Neolithic then it can only mean that the Land was Overflowing. And that there was no need for farming. At least until someone put far too much salt in the ocean.

In other words, the megalithic sites were created by settling communities but settling did not necessarily begin with farming alone.

So some stones may not have been raised in celebration of agriculture, of newly-found control over nature, after all. Doesn't this rather undermine one of Mr. Cope's central arguments, in the Modern Antiquarian? Namely, that as monuments celebrating agriculture megaliths symbolise the beginning of the error that is currently destroying the world. I suppose that in as much as they are the first permanent human marks on the land this argument can still be made, but with considerably less force, no?

The other question that this begs, for me, is just what it was that inspired the building of megalithic structures. What changed people, giving them monumentality, if it wasn't agriculture?

"with the dates in the British Isles also being pushed further backwards, it's going to make Stonehenge (ca 2,000 BCE) look one day like a relic of the Modern Industrial Age".

Howdo AQ
You're going to have to include Stonehenge in those pushing back of the dates. The four post holes/pits that were discovered about 100 meters east of the stones, which almost certainly had to have had a ritual function, have yeilded a radiocarbon date spread of between 8500 and 7650 BC.

European archaeology (very backward compared to that in the British Isles) is slowly waking out of its over-academicism and lack of accurate dating; soon the whole of prehistory will have to be re-written. If the mesolithic post-holes at Stonehenge were made by pre-megalithic people, how many more ceremonial wood temples await to be discovered all over the Continent?

http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/story.jsp?story=645976
http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/story.jsp?story=645972

>> Haven't you often wondered why there is an almost surprising total absence of megalithic sites in the Inner
>> Continent (i.e. south and east of Germany and further south, around the Balkans)?

Just to add to this side of the remark (and add comment on the border-bound issue of archeao-attitudes) I'll add these links to this thread too.

http://www.buerserberg.at/seiten/text.php?uebergabe_link_id=42#0009
http://www.buerserberg.at/seiten/text.php?uebergabe_link_id=42&uebergabe_gruppe=1

The current trend does seem to be to expand horizons and it's about time! Sites like these are now, through the wonder of the internet, becoming better known beyond their locality. I recently saw some Romanian dolmens somewhere, so there does seem to be a continuity of megalithic structures from the Caucas Mountains to NW Ireland! Many areas inbetween will be devoid of sites, but this should not be taken to be evidence of these areas never having had any. Farming and Xtianity have been responsible for removing so many. In some areas of extreme zealousity (new word!) a total eradication of pagan monuments is both possible and probable.