Chance

Details of henge on Pastscape

Cropmarks of a Late Neolithic henge and a henge type monument located in a field on the north side of the Gadsey Brook, at Dairy Farm, Willington. Cropmarks of a bowl barrow are visible 24 metres north of the henge (Monument HOB UID 1229875).
The henge is situated approximately 270m to the north of the brook and has been reduced by ploughing and is not visible at ground level. However, it is visible as cropmarks which have been recorded by aerial photography on numerous occasions since 1970, and also has been clearly identified by a geophysical survey undertaken in 2004. The henge is defined by an outer circular ditch, about 37m in diameter and an inner ditch of about 22m in diameter. The outer ditch is truncated by a pipe trench on its east side which also cuts through the barrow to the north Monument HOB UID 1229875).
The henge type monument is situated about 24 metres to the east of the henge and has been clearly identified by geophysical survey undertaken in 2004 and by trial trenching in 2005. It is about 32 metres in diameter, and appears as a single circular ditch measuring about 3.7 metres wide and 1.25 metres deep.
These monuments form part of a complex of prehistoric features, also revealed by aerial photography and confirmed by geophysical survey. These include a henge type monument (Monument HOB UID 1174955), a bowl barrow (Monument HOB UID 1229875) and two further barrows (Monument HOB UID 1174298).
The henge and henge type monument are a scheduled monument. For the designation record of this site please see the National List for England.

Details of henge on Pastscape

The buried remains of two bowl barrows and a henge, identified from aerial photographs. The henge is roughly circular in plan and measures 42 metres in diameter. The enclosing ditch is visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs. Traces of a possible inner ditch can also be identified. A gap in the south eastern section of the outer ditch may represent a causeway. The remains of the barrows lie south east of the henge, their surrounding ditches also appearing as cropmarks on aerial photographs. The barrow closest to the henge measures 16 metres in total diameter while the second is 22 metres in diameter.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A circular enclosure at Paddock Hill, Thwing, originally identified as a cropmark site. Excavation was undertaken between 1973 and 1987 by T Manby, intitially under the assumption that the site was a henge. However, the excavations revealed a long and complex sequence of use of the site. The earliest activity was represented by some flints of Mesolithic date, including microliths, cores and flakes. Earlier Neolithic activity was also represented solely by artefacts, including flint arrowheads, scrapers and stone axes, plus some sherds of Peterborough Ware. The first major constructional phase occurred in the late Neolithic, when a henge comprising a circular ditch circa 60 metres in diameter with external chalk bank was created. Grooved Ware and Beaker sherds are among the finds associated with the henge, which featured opposed north-west and south-east entrances. The earlier Bronze Age is represented primarily by artefacts, including some flint implements and Food Vessel sherds. The site was extensively remodelled in the Later Bronze Age. The silted-up henge ditch was recut, and a central post circle constructed, 17 metres in diameter and surrounding a central pit containing an urned cremation. Artefacts and other debris of Mid-to-late Bronze Age were also present, including evidence for metalworking activity. Next, a more substantial enclosure was constructed comprising a ditch and internal rampart circa 115 metres in diameter, completely enclosing the earlier enclosure. The rampart featured timber revetment and was retained at its rear by a double row of posts. This enclosure also featured opposed entrances on the same alignment as the earlier henge. Roughly contemporary is a ring slot circa 25 metres in diameter, within and concentric to the earlier henge, and interpreted as a large timber building. The next (comparatively minor) use of the site occurred in the Roman period, and is mainly attested by pottery and brooches. (See TA 07 SW 42 for Anglo-Saxon phase).

Details of henge on Pastscape

A late Neolithic henge, ploughed flat and visible only as a cropmark. Excavations in 1975 and 1977 confirmed that the site comprised a sub circular enclosure (internal diameter circa 15 metres) with two opposed entrances, one to the north and the other to the south, the latter much narrower than the former. Within the enclosure, and concentric to the ditch, was a circle of 30 small pits. 15 were excavated, but none showed any evidence for a post. Within this circle were three large pits and a fourth containing what was interpreted as an empty cist, although there was no evidence that the feature had ever contained a burial. Outside the henge was a circle of large pits (up to 50 metres in diameter), some of which appear to have held posts. 35 metres to the south of the henge was a large pit which had held a large post in its later stages of use. Datable finds included possible Neolithic and Beaker sherds from the henge ditch; Beaker and Food Vessel sherds from the central pits; and six flint barbed and tanged arrowheads from one of the external pits. Radiocarbon dates were obtained on samples from several features, and ranged from 1851+/-62 bc (uncalibrated) to 1655+/-80 bc (uncalibrated). The henge interior was later re-used as an Early Medieval inhumation cemetery (NT 93 SW 60). A double alignment (NT 93 NW 34) circa 180 metres to the north produced Grooved Ware sherds and a broadly similar range of radiocarbon dates.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A late Neolithic henge monument, visible as a cropmark circular enclosure of 35 metres maximum internal diameter, and a ditch up to 7.5 metres wide. There is one visible entrance. A possible second, directly opposite, is obscured by a hedge. Also visible as cropmarks is an internal ring of pits within and concentric to the ditch, while a further smaller central circle of pits appears to surround a large central pit.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A Late Neolithic henge visible as a sub-oval cropmark enclosure. The ditch features two opposed entrance gaps (northwest and southeast), while a cropmark of a large pit is visible within the enclosed area, just off-centre. Internal diameter of the enclosure is between circa 12 and 16 metres. [NB this site had previously been recorded erroneously as NT 93 NE 21 as a result of an incorrect NGR published by McCord and Jobey]

Details of Barrow on Pastscape

Bronze Age Barrow Adjacent to Henge (see HOBUID 1520599). A barrow was revealed on the beach at Easington by tidal action in 1998. The barrow was adjacent to a henge, also revealed by the same tide. The barrow with an external bank and a ditch enclosed a circular area of gravel 9m across with a hearth and the bones of a crouched adult inhumation and sherds of a collared urn in the centre. The whole monument measured 17 metres in diameter. This barrow had preserved evidence of earlier Neolithic settlement beneath. The ditch and bank of this barrow were upstanding and well-defined at the time of estuarine incursion.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A late Neolithic/early Bronze Age henge was revealed by tidal action in 1998 on Easington Beach, marked by a series of rings of gravel, estuarine clay, and dark staining, with an overall diameter of 25-30 metres. Three sections through the monument were cut by machine, revealing two concentric ditches. The inner one enclosed an area about 12m in diameter. There was evidence for a small internal bank, and possibly an external one. A pit containing charcoal and burnt bone, animal and human, had later been cut into the ditch fill, containing the cremation of a young man, who died around cal 2500-2000BC. Black, organically rich soil had accumulated across the surface enclosed by the ditch, and from this were derived pollen samples indicating a date before the well-known decline in lime trees in the 1st millennium BC. The black soil was covered in places by a film of gravel, possibly a new surface created when the outer ditch, enclosing an area of about 20m was dug. The second phase of the monument was perhaps terminated by marine inundation, for the outer ditch was filled with estuarine clay containing marine molluscs. No datable artefacts were found, but the evidence so far implies a broadly Bronze Age date contemporary with the main barrow.

etails of henge on Pastscape

A sub-oval multivallate enclosure, now largely ploughed out. In the absence of excavation, its date is uncertain, but recent opinion suggests that the site may have begun as a henge, and was subsequently re-used in later prehistory as a defensive enclosure. There are two opposed entrances, east and west. The innermost ditch is a very faint cropmark. Outside this is a more substantial ditch, this being regarded by Harding and Lee as the probable henge ditch. Immediately outside this is a bank, which survives as an earthwork on the southern side. Outside this bank are two further ditch circuits, both noticeably narrower than the “henge” ditch. On the northwest side, a narrow double-ditched feature can be seen running concentric to the main ditch, and appears to close off the western entrance. Overall, the internal diameter ranges from 75 metres to 90 metres, and the external diameter from 131 metres to 165 metres.

Details of henge on Pastscape

An earthwork enclosure interpreted as possible Late Neolithic/Bronze Age henge or medieval ringwork. A substantial circular enclosure defined by a broad ditch 15 metres wide and 1.5 metres deep, and a possible outer bank 5 metres wide and 0.75 metres high. Approximate diameter (excluding the possible bank) is 85 metres. There is a clearly defined south eastern entrance with very regular, squared ditch terminals. The site is scheduled as a henge, although in the absence of firm evidence, alternative interpretations, such as a medieval ringwork, cannot be ruled out. Scheduled.

Details of cursus on Pastscape

A neolithic cursus, parts of which have been destroyed through gravel extraction. Excavations (in 1957-8, 1962-3, 1979-81 and 1982-4) have principally occurred around its central area, and towards its southern end. The cursus is at least 2 kilometres in length, and orientated roughly northwest-southeast, though with a marked change in direction around the mid point, just northwest of the henge. Its visible course begins near the River Welland at its northwest end, athough no terminals are visible, these possibly being concealed by alluvium. At this end, the cursus appears to be marked by 4 roughly parallel ditches, the northern pair only visible for a short distance. The two principal ditches are discontinuous, at least as cropmarks, with the southern ditch continuing as far as the Maxey Cut watercourse in the south. The northern ditch seems to end long before this point, having begun to turn south. Examination of air photographs by RCHME in 1997 however noted a 30 metre length of ditch some 140 metres south of the causewayed enclosure TF 10 NW 51, which lies directly on the line of the northern cursus ditch and which turns through 90 degrees, possibly indicating a terminal. Around the mid-point, in the excavated area, the cursus ditches were around 58 metres apart, and 2 metres wide. Both were very shallow with no clear evidence either for a bank or for episodes of recutting. A discontinuous layer of comminuted charcoal was noted near the base of both. It is not in situ burning but could be associated with land clearance. Finds were minimal, and no real dating evidence recovered. However, both ditches appear to have been fully silted up by the time the henge and associated features (TF 10 NW 59) were constructed. These later Neolithic monuments, although constructed over the cursus, appear not to respect the course of the cursus, and follow a different (east-west) alignment. Some Beaker pottery was found in the southern ditch, near the causewayed enclosure.

Details of henge on Pastscape

Site of a Neolithic henge at Maxey, excavated in 1986. The henge lay in an area where the gravel pit was being extended northwards. At least three different phases are apparent. A continuous ditch surrounding a setting of 8 massive post-holes. This was folowed by the digging of another, but segmented, ditch, and the infilling of at least one post-hole. The second phase consisted of a roughly circular chain of large pits through the, by then, filled-in, earlier ditches. These pits showed evidence of deliberate infilling shortly after digging. The final phase consisted of a continuous ditch, roughly circular, around the outside. This feature had been filled in to half its depth and `placed’ deposits were found atop and within the backfilling.These placed depoiits included two deposits of Ebbsware, a flint axe, and items of deer antler.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A henge plus later Bronze Age settlement excavated in 1989-90 during work in advance of the A27 Brighton bypass. The henge ditch was circa 35 metres in diameter. Silting patterns suggested an external bank. An entrance gap existed to the south east, while another is suggested on the north west. An upright sandstone block was found just within the latter entrance, while a crouched female inhumation is also assumed to be associated with the enclosure rather than later activity. Dating evidence for the enclosure includes Neolithic pottery and a leaf-shaped arrowhead. Three later Bronze Age terraced hut platforms were also excavated, one clearly post-dating the inhumation, and large quantities of Late Bronze Age pottery were also found.

Details of henge on Pastscape

The buried remains of a Late Neolithic henge situated some 2km south of the River Stour and to the north of dwellings at Boxted Cross. The henge is no longer visible on the ground, although its infilled ditches and central pit-like features can be seen from the air as cropmarks. First identified as a henge on morphological grounds in 1975, the monument has since been targed by aerial survey and showed up particularly well in June 1980 and August 1983 when photographed by the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England and local aerial photographer Mrs Ida McMaster. The henge is defiend by a broad circular, penannular ditch, infilled and buried, with two opposing entrances to the north and south. The external diameter of the ditched enclosure is some 40 metres; the ditch itself is 5 metres wide, giving an internal diameter of some 30 metres. The henge would originally have had an external bank, and although this has long since been reduced by ploughing, a 5 metre wide margin is included in the scheduling in order to protect surviving archaeological traces. Several large pit-like features are clearly visible as cropmarks within the area delimited by the ditch and bank, and these are considered to represent features related to the ritual use of the enclosure. Scheduled.

Details of Barrows on Pastscape

((Group centred SY 15909580) Tumuli (NR) (1) (A: SY 15949575) Fox 18, Hutchinson 34. Ditched barrow, steep sided and flat topped, planted with firs.
Diameter 71ft., height 4ft.6ins., (2). 300 yards north west of Farway Castle. Apparently unexcavated, but the barrow has been enclosed by a deep, narrow, trench, probably to keep cattle off when it was planted with firs. (3).
(B: SY 15909582). Fox 17. A flint cairn, diameter 12ft., height 1ft.6ins. (2). Destroyed 1949 (4).
(C: SY 15889583). Fox 16. A flint cairn diameter 12ft., height 1ft.6ins., flattened by plough recently (2).
(B and C not recorded by Hutchinson). (2-4)
A: A flat topped barrow, tree and bracken covered, the mound 22.0 metres in diameter and 1.2 metres high. Both the sides of the mound and the ditch, 2.0 metres wide and 0.4 metres deep, are sharply defined suggesting an 18th/19th century enhancement. Recent ploughing has destroyed the southern extremity of the ditch but has not yet encroached upon the mound. (See ground photograph).
B: No trace at all; bracken but very little gorse at the site.
C: A much ploughed cairn, currently under new pasture. It measures 7.0 metres north to south and 5.5 metres east to west; height 0.3 metres maximum. Flints exposed in the top.
A and C surveyed at 1:2500 on M.S.D. (5)
A: Scheduled, No.132a. For the designation record of this site please see The National Heritage List for England. (6 -7)
C: Scheduled, No.129a For the designation record of this site please see The National Heritage List for England. (7-8)
Bowl barrow 320m north west of Farway Castle. The monument is situated on the west side of the crest of the ridge, and includes a bowl barrow 11m in diameter and 0.3m in height. There is no evidence of a ditch. The barrow has been ploughed over in the past.. Scheduled . For the designation record of this site please see The National Heritage List for England. (9-10)

Details of henge on Pastscape

Farway castle. Recently surveyed (2011) and found to comprise three elements: a circular bank, an external ditch and a counterscarp bank. The bank encloses a circular area 51m N/S and 50m E/W; the whole site measures 73m N/S and 72m E/W. There are several hollows in the bottom of the ditch which may be original features showing how the ditch was dug in segments, or which may be the result of modification in the post-medieval period. Considered by the survey to be a henge monument from the late Neolithic Early Bronze Age. Previously interpreted as a Danish Fort, hill fort, Bronze Age ritual monument and Iron Age earthwork enclosure. Scheduled

Details of henge on Pastscape

A probable Neolithic henge visible as cropmarks on air photographs. The enclosure is sub-oval and is a maximum of 60 metres across. Two roughly opposed entrances are visible, on the west and east sides. Within the enclosed area are cropmarks representing an irregular oval arrangement of 19 large post holes or pits. The monument is just visible on the gound, the bank surviving to a height of 0.3 metres and up to 1.5 metres wide. Fieldwalking has recovered over 800 flints from the field, including Mesolithic types as well as later Neolithic arrowheads and scrapers. A linear cropmark feature runs roughly north-south past the monument and appears to bow slightly in order to avoid the henge.

Details of henge on Pastscape

Oval cropmark, diameter c.25 m of henge monument, class II, with opposed entrances known from JK St Joseph AP’s BCG82-84. Ditch is encircled by series of pits. Neolithic flints from fieldwalking include cores and scrapers. (See also TF 27 SW/14). (1-2)
TF 254 716. Shearman’s Wath henge. Scheduled no. LI/265. (3)
Small sub-circular enclosure, known from cropmarks, situated at c 36.5m above OD. Enclosure is defined by faint, irregular cropmarks of a ditch with an entrance to the NW; a less certain entrance to the SE and a possible break to the ESE. The enclosure is surrounded by a partial circuit of pits of which 19 are visible.Internal diameter 17-5-18.5m. Described by Harding and Lee as a probable henge. (4)
The Neolithic or Bronze Age henge referred to by the previous authorities was seen as cropmarks and mapped from good quality air photographs. The henge has an internal diameter of c20m and the diameter of the outer ring of pits is c26m. The henge is more accurately located at TF 2538 7168. (Morph No. LI.138.1.1)
This description is based on data from the RCHME MORPH2 database.

Details of henge on Pastscape

The Bull Ring, a Henge monument, extant as an earthwork, comprising a sub-oval enclosure defined by a ditch and external bank. The site has been damaged in the past by quarrying, while there are also traces of ridge and furrow in the interior. The maximum external diameter is circa 85 metres. The bank is circa 1.1 metres high and up to 9.8 metres wide. The ditch is up to 12.2 metres wide and 0.6 metres deep. There are two opposing causewayed entrances at the north and south. Excavation has occurred on three occasions – the bank was sectioned in 1902; some potsherds, possibly Beaker/Early Bronze Age were found. In 1949 several trenches across bank and ditch were dug, and some investigation of both entrances occurred. Two possible Beaker sherds were found, one apparently below the ditch silts. The ditch also contained flint flakes and scrapers plus some ox bones and teeth. In 1984-5 a large area outside the southern entrance was investigated. Only undated and post medieval features were found, although some flints were present. An 18th century source states that the enclosure once contained a stone setting. In 1789, apparently, only a single stone remained.

Details of henge on Pastscape

(SX 37086854) Henge (NR) (1) A Class 1 henge near Castlewich. (See plan from OS 1:2500 1953). Both bank and ditch have been heavily ploughed down and there is no trace of the outer slope in the surrounding fields. The bank is 2ft 6 ins high, its northern half having a massive stone-faced hedge on its crest.
It is difficult to be sure if there is a causeway over the ditch at the entrance. (Listed under ‘Camps’ by DOE (IAM). (2-4)
(SX 371 686) Henge included in gazetteer and distribution of Neolithic sites in Cornwall. (5)
Castlewitch. Sub-circular enclosure situated just below 183m OD on the slope of Balstone Down. Both bank and ditch have been heavily ploughed down, no certain causeway. Insufficient information available, but possible lack of entrance makes henge affinity unlikely. (6)

Details of henge on Pastscape

(SD 98238730) Castle Dykes (NR). (1) SD 982873 – Class I henge consisting of an oval enclosure (175 x 195 ft) bounded by a well-preserved ditch and external bank with entrance of E side. Two small gaps in the bank (without corresponding causeways across the ditch) are probably modern and used as an
overflow for water collecting in the ditch. There is no sign of any stone structure in the central area. (2)
A well preserved Class I henge. Prominently situated at SD 98238728 on the top (though not the summit) of an east to west hill spur. It measures 74.0m east to west by 67.8m north to south between the centres of the bank 9.0m wide and 1.2m high. The ditch, averaging 10.5m wide and 1.1m deep, has been slightly infilled by weathering especially near the entrance, 4.0m wide, in the east which has lessened the profile of the causeway. As suggested two small gaps
in the bank in the north east and south are merely mutilation. The level interior is featureless. Surveyed at 1:10 000. (3)
Entry in corpus. Sub-circular enclosure defined by a ditch and outer bank. A large stone is situated on the inside slope of the bank in the SE sector and there are reports of other stones having been removed. Comment: Insufficient information available, but cannot be ruled out as henge-related. (4)
SD 9822 8728. Castle Dykes Henge. Scheduled RSM No 24481. It is reported that an excavation of the site by Canon Wylie took place in 1908, though no positive trace of this survives and the site appears largely undisturbed. (5)

Details of henge on Pastscape

(SX 0310 6275) Earthwork (NR) (1)
`Castilly` (name probably derived from `Castel), an oval earthwork with internal ditch, and entrances on north and south, the latter recognisably not original. Variously described by early writers as a castle or a Plain-an-gwarry (amphitheatre for religious plays), but thought from its form to be a Class I henge. Excavated by Charles Thomas and the Cornish Arch Soc in 1962. The excavation (in cental area and at the two entrances) produced very little dating material – two flint flakes and two pottery pieces of probably 12 – 14 c date. It was shown that the southern entrance was secondary and the northern original, though overlaid with gravel in which were deep wheel-marks.
The ditches lacked the expected amount of silting. It was concluded that there was a Class I Henge in the first place, and that this had been remodelled as a Plain-an-gwarry in medieval times. Probably also the work had been used as a gun emplacement in the Civil War (which would explain the wheel-ruts in the north entrance), with perhaps further modification. (2)
SX 03116274. The henge which is 70.0 metres by 60.0 metres is situated on a slight north slope with the entrance on the downhill side and a gap on the S uphill side. The internal ditch is up to 1.7 metres deep and well defined; a narrow berm separates it from the bank. The average height of the bank is 1.4 metres above ground level and it has been mutilated in places especially on the north-west and south sides (the latter by a field hedge). Resurveyed at 1:2500. (3) (SX 031 627) Included in gazetteer and distribution map Neolithic Site in Cornwall. (4)
Castilly. Sub-oval enclosure. Listed by Harding and Lee as a possible henge. (5)

Details of henge on Pastscape

This henge monument is visible as earthworks and cropmarks on air photos. It appears to comprise an inner ditch circuit describing a near-circular enclosure approximately 100m in diameter. There are two opposed causewayed entrances facing near north and south. This circuit is irregular in width, varying between 4m and 10m and may have been cut in individual sections. Surrounding the ditch is an outer bank. Similar to the ditch it appears to compromise of several straight lengths of bank rather than a smooth curve, especially on the western side. The embanked circuit has an internal diameter of approximately 150m. The tone of the crop around the bank is quite different from the rest of the field and this is interpreted here as an indication of a shallow hollow. This feature is present on the inner and outer sides of the bank and around some of the bank terminals at the two entrances. A double ditched linear feature aligned between the two entrances is visible as a cropmark within the southern half of the henge. This may have marked an avenue leading to the centre of the monument, where slower ripening crops indicate a slight hollow. The southern edge of this monument is clipped by a modern field boundary, the henge banks appeared to survive as slight earthworks on 1971 air photos but no upstanding remains were apparent on the 2009 Google Earth air photos. (7-10)

Details of henge on Pastscape

A henge monument located some 500 metres to the east of the monument complex at West Cotton, and excavated as part of the Raunds area project. The site had initially been identified as a cropmark on air photographs. The monument comprises two concentric sub-circular ditches, the outer measuring between 70 and 75 metres across, with the long axis orientated northwest-southeast. The inner circuit is circa 21 metres in diameter. Geophysical survey and excavation was undertaken in 1993 by the Central Excavation Unit. Previously the area had been fieldwalked as part of the Raunds Area Survey and had produced the most extensive surface flint scatter from within the Raunds area. The outer ditch circuit is continuous and may have been accompanied by an internal bank. The area inside the inner ditch may have been mounded. Few artefacts were found, and no samples suitable for radiocarbon dating were recovered. Flint artefacts from the ditch fills are broadly Neolithic, but otherwise not particularly diagnostic, and it has not proved possible to establish a relative sequence for the various phases of the monument. However, both ditches appear to have been deliberately backfilled, possibly as a single episode. Several post holes were examined, but generally proved undatable with the exception of an Iron Age four-post structure just outside the outer ditch, dating evidence being some potsherds. Despite its distance from the West Cotton monuments, the henge is clearly related to them – when projected eastwards, the axis of the long mound (SP 97 SE 85) passes through the henge.

Details of long mound on Pastscape

A Neolithic long mound at West Cotton, part of a complex of monuments examined as part of the Raunds area project. The mound was orientated roughly east-west, and measured 135 metres by 13 to 18 metres. Nearly half of the monument was excavated. In its first phase, the mound appears to have been circa 90 metres long, and was constructed of turf and soil stacked within a series of ractangular bays defined by transverse and longitudinal lines of stake holes. Parts of the mound were flanked by broad, shallow quarry pits though material from these appears not to have been used on the mound construction. The eastern end of the mound may have featured a south-facing “chamber” defined by stakes and possibly flanked by open bays, and with a forecourt and facade to the east of the chamber. This area was subsequently covered by a simple dumped mound withno internal structure, and the mound extended to its full 135 metre length. A length of carbonized wooden plank from thew mound has a calibrated radiocarbon date of 3497-3147 BC. Following the extension of the mound, a gully was cut around its edge. The gully fill contained quantities of burnt material, some dumped but some indicating in situ burning. Charcoal from this fill has been dated to 3691-3388 Cal BC. Stakes at the eastern end suggest some form of facade. Two provided dates of 3255-2925 Cal BC and 2466-2291 Cal BC. The mound material included nearly 4000 struck flints, while the quarry pits adjacent to the mound include quantities of Ebbsflet Ware sherds. A pit sealed by the mound has been dated to 4725-4542 Cal BC, while a tree throw hole beneath the mound was surrounded by a surface scatter of flints. This mound and the adjacent long enclosure appear to have formed a focus for subsequent monuments. The more distant Cotton Henge is also positioned in line with the long mound’s axis.

Details of henge on Pastscape

[NT 94053308] Henge [LB] Class II henge monument discovered by Dr. J.K. St. Joseph, consisting of an oval bank with internal ditch and opposing entrances. The diameter of the bank, which is best preserved on the western side, is 310 ft. Inside, the ditch appears as a shallow depression with a difference in height between ditch and bank of about 2ft. Aerial photgraphs show two narrow ditches, forming a droveway which passes through the entrances of the site. The ditches are not visible on the ground, but must be of later date than the henge. (2-3)
Surveyed at 1:2500. Ploughing has considerably reduced the remains which are now barely discernible. (4) As described. Published survey (25”) revised. (5)
NT 9405 3308. Coupland, Ewart. Sub-oval enclosure known from cropmarks and formerly surviving as a slight earthwork, situated at c.47m above OD on level ground. The external bank has been destroyed on the E by a road and appears to have been damaged by quarry pits (visible as cropmark splodges) in the NE sector. The enclosure, listed as a classic henge, lies some 800m SW of the present course of the River Till. The henge has an asymmetrical ditch of regular width. The N part is rather wider than the S, bowing out particularly in the W sector. There are roughly squared terminals. Outside the ditch are the slight remains of a bank. A pit-like mark is visible roughly in the centre of the S causeway between the ditch terminals. The internal diameter ranges from c.63m to 68m (est. from transcription); the ditch width from c.4m to 5m. The causeways are c.16m wide at the SSE and c.16m at the NNW. The enclosure is associated with a pair of roughly parallel ditches c.7-33m apart and c.1-2.5m wide (see NT 93 SW 42), which run through the enclosure via its entrances. The E ditch of this avenue runs straight through without a break, although curving to avoid the NE terminal of the bank. The W ditch similarly veers to avoid the NW bank terminal, approaching to within c.7m of the E ditch, as it passes through, but in the S sector it breaks, stopping well short of the enclosure ditch on either side of the SSW terminal. (6) NT 940 330. Site of henge 1000yds (910m) SE of Milfield. Scheduled No ND/505. (7)
Excavations across the southern entrance to the enclosure in 1995 have produced evidence which, it is claimed, date the site to the early 4th millennium BC, which would make it the earliest henge by the best part of a millennium. Pits containing charcoal, charred hazelnut shells and Early Neolithic Grimston Ware potsherds were found, and some of the hazelnuts produced radiocarbon dates of around 3800 BC. The presence of similar material in one of the droveway ditches, and similar radiocarbon dates from charcoal in this ditch deposit, have been taken to suggest that the droveway is of Early Neolithic date, and therefore the henge must be slightly earlier. However, an alternative possibility must be that the droveway ditch has cut through an earlier, Grimston ware associated deposit. In any case, further to the south, the droveway also swerves to avoid the late Neolithic henge of East Marleyknowe (NT 93 SW 27), while to the north it also seems to deliberately avoid the late Neolithic henge of Millfield South (NT 93 SW 37). The excavations also identified two post holes in the enclosure entrance, one on either side of the entrance gap and within the area defined by the droveway ditches, while in a more central position was a shallow pit devoid of any artefactual material. (8) The site has been mapped from the air as part of the Milfield Geoarchaeology Project. (See archive object MD000295)

Details of causewayed enclosure on Pastscape

Site of a possible Neolithic causewayed enclosure. The cropmarks were plotted and interpreted by RCHME in 1996 as part of the Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic Project. The site occupies a low rise about 0.5 km south of Eynsham. A stream runs to the east, and the Thames lies 1.5 km to the east. The enclosure comprises an arc of two concentric interrupted ditches, probably forming part of an oval enclosure. Less than 50% of the assumed circuit is visible. The two ditches are 22 metres apart, and are visible for lengths of 68 metres (outer) and 72 metres (inner). The maximum diameter of the inner circuit is circa 40 metres. A possible hengiform monument (SP 40 NW 354) is located between the two circuits.

Details of henge on Pastscape

The following feature was mapped from good quality air photographs:-
Possible Prehistoric or Roman enclosure, seen as cropmarks. Morphological description: a subcircular enclosure, diameter 8m,
defined by one ditch, with 1 entrance. Centred at:-SP 4261 0806. (Morph No. TG.587.81.2)
This description is based on data from the RCHME MORPH2 database. (1)
The enclosure described by the previous authority is probably a Bronze Age henge. The henge encloses a sub-oval area measuring 10m by 5m, centred at SP 4260 0806. It has opposed, but asymmetric, entrances aligned NW-SE. The henge is situated between the two circuits of a possible Neolithic causewayed enclosure (SP 40 NW 353) The entrances of the henge are on the same alignment as this enclosure perhaps suggesting the henge has been deliberately placed
in relation to the causewayed enclosure.
The henge was planned at 1:2500 scale using computer-aided transcription as part of the Eynsham Project which is part of the Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic Project. (2) The henge is known as Deadman’s Burial 2. (2a)

Details of site on Pastscape

West Yorkshire Archaeology Service, undertaking a phased programme of survey and excavation to study and record the threatened landscape setting of Ferrybridge Henge, excavated two circles of pits at SE 475 241 (LO). The pit circles were found outside and to the south-east of the Ferrybridge Henge (SE 42 SE 31). Both pit circles measured around 16m in diameter, and had a central post-pit; they were formed by 13 and 14 post settings. (1)

Details of henge on Pastscape

[SE 474242] Circular soil mark, average diameter 180m with a possible entrance to the SW. Possible a henge, comparable in size and situation with the Thornborough circles 36 miles to the NW [SE 27 NE 4]. (1)
Surveyed at 1/2500. This feature lies mainly in two ploughed fields and is visible as a circular bank of very slight profile, now considerably spread by cultivation and partly destroyed by the cutting of a new road. Two slight depressions in the bank to NE and SW probably indicate original opposed entrances, both of which are now bisected by a modern track. APs show markings of an outer ditch in the NW quadrant which is visible on the ground as a superficial depression, but is not surveyable. The interior of the enclosure has a slightly domed appearance, which is probably caused by the ploughing out of an internal ditch. The earthwork has all the characteristics of Atkinson’s Class IIa ‘Henge’, thus favouring its comparison with the Thornborough Circles. (2)
In May 1992 the RCHME: Ferrybridge Henge Project recorded the cropmark of a circular henge ditch, 10m in width, at SE 4746 2424. The ditch has opposed entrances to the ENE and WSW; both east and west terminals of the southern arc are clearly defined, but those of the northern arc are slighted by a farm track. The maximum width of the causeway entrances is estimated as 20m for the ENE and 30m for the WSW. Concentric with the ditch and outside it, a bank approximately 15m wide, also has opposed entrances. Both entrance terminals are recorded on the WSW, and on the ENE that of the southern arc only (the NE quadrant of the bank is now destroyed). Between the inner ditch and the henge bank is a berm approximately 25m wide. Outside the bank is an ill-defined ditch, maximum width 26m, which is recorded on all sides except in the destroyed NE quadrant; this would confirm the previous classification by Authority 2 of a Class IIa Henge. A previous air photo transcription omits the outer ditch (3a). The internal diameter of the henge measures 100-102m; the external diameter of the henge measures 240-260m. The cropmark of a ring ditch (SE 42 SE 61) occupies the full width of the berm at SE 4748 2418, in the SSE sector of the henge. The relationship between the ring ditch and the henge is not clear. A full report and a plan can be found in the NMR archive (Coll UID 922907). West Yorkshire Archaeology Service is undertaking a phased programme of survey and excavation to study and record the threatened landscape setting of the henge monument (3b). Excavation in 1991 of a section across the henge earthwork also confirmed the presence of an outer ditch and revealed details of the bank’s construction. (3) SE 474 246. Earthwork W of Ferrybridge. Scheduled No WY/720. (4)
Cropmark/soilmark remains of the henge at Ferrybridge were recorded as partof a 1:2500 scale aerial photographic survey carried out by the RCHME between 6th and 9th June 1997 as part of the RCHME: Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic project. The plan of the henge and surrounding features, digital files and report are held by the RCHME (Collection UID: 1082880). (5)
The henge at Ferrybridge is visible as cropmarks and slight earthworks on air photographs. It has been recorded as part of a 1:10000 scale aerial photographic survey carried out by the Lower Wharfedale NMP project. The henge is as described by previous authorities. The ring ditch of the barrow that is located within the henge (described by authority 3 and also in SE 42 SE 61) has also been plotted as part of this survey. For the sake of clarity all the features associated with the henge shall be described in records SE 42 SE 132 and SE 42 SE 133.
(8-9)

Details of henge on Pastscape

SE 3526 7353: Earthen Circle [O.E.] (1) SE 353 735: Hutton Moor. North Circle. (2) SE 352 735: Henge monument class IIA. (3)
The earthwork has been considerably reduced and denuded by modern ploughing but despite this the published survey (25 1912) remains correct. This cultivation which is still in operation is further reducing and spreading the circular bank and internal ditch and although these features are still substantial in height their limits are now poorly defined. A slight but wide external depression is traceable around the entire earthwork except at the north and south entrances where a well spread causeway leading from the central platform crosses it. These latter features are not surveyable and have been annotated on the 25” survey. (4)
SE 3525 7353: Entry in corpus; No 209. Classic henge with bank lying between two ditches. Ditch terminals are roughly squared. Internal diameter range circa 93-96 metres, external diameter range circa 240-254 metres, inner ditch circa 10-18 metres wide (estimated from transcription). Orientation north north west to south south east. Raistrick excavated parts of the inner ditch before 1929. (5)
SE 3525 7352: Henge monument 500 metres north west of Low Barn. Scheduled RSM No 25578. The bank is 45 metres wide and stands to a max height of 3 metres. The inner ditch, which remains as a slight hollow, is 5 metres wide. The inner enclosure has a diameter of 80 metres. The overall external diameter is as stated by Authority 5. There are two entrances at the north and south, formed by access causeways. The monument is crossed by two modern fence lines. (6)
This henge comprises several elements. An inner ditch circuit (c. 10-12m wide) of sub-circular plan with a maximum diameter of 100m. Some photos show the inner ditch to be discountinuous but others do not but this may indicate that the depth of the ditch varies around the circuit. The cropmarks suggest there is a possible pit within the north-west quadrant of the inner area and there is slight evidence for an internal bank. The inner ditch circuit has opposed entrances facing to the north and to the south. Surrounding the ditch is an outer bank, which sits on the berm between the inner ditch and a second outer ditch. The berm is some 50m wide and bank material appears to be spread across it on many of the air photos, but the 1973 photos indicated that the original base of the bank was only 15-17m wide and was situated near the middle of the berm. There are two entrances in the bank, both aligned with those in the inner ditch. The outer-most ditch is less regular in width, measuring between 6m and 16m it too has entrances aligned with those in the inner ditch. The outer ditch terminals are notably square, the bank terminal appear slight flared and higher than the rest of the bank ring, whilst the inner ditch terminals are more rounded. The western edge of the outer ditch is clipped by a modern field boundary. 2007 and 2009 air photos suggest this monument does still survive as low earthworks. (7-12)

Details of henge on Pastscape

A henge located north of Rudston, circa 160 metres from the Gypsey Race stream and the cursus which runs north-south parallel with the stream. The henge was discovered as a cropmark on an aerial photograph in the early 1960s, although subsequent field investigation showed it to survive as an earthwork, albeit badly plough-damaged. The monument comprises a sub-circular enclosure of around 98 metres maximum external diameter, featuring a ditch with external bank. Two broadly opposing entrances, to the south east and the north west, are visible. A later small square barrow is visible as a cropmark within the henge, while another square barrow is visible to the north, and a ring ditch abuts the external southwestern side of the henge bank. Trial excavation in 1964 showed that little of the bank material remained unaffected by ploughing, with just 2 inches of compacted chalk rubble lying over the original ground surface. The bank was measured at circa 37 feet wide. The internal ditch was 38 feet wide, V-shaped in profile and very steep-sided, up to 13 feet 3 inches deep. No berm was observed in the excavations, although a narrow berm appears on aerial photographs. The primary ditch silts contained no finds. Beaker and Grooved Ware sherds were present in the secondary fill, while a single Roman sherd was found in the uppermost layers. Near the centre of the henge a small trench uncovered four post holes in a line, 2 of them containing Beaker sherds. A trench across the south-eastern entrance uncovered a causeway circa 50 feet wide, with the ditch terminals “somewhat” squared at the ends and steeply sloped. Further excavations were planned but do not appear to have taken place. It has been suggested that the name “Stodefald” (horse inclosure), recorded in 1299, refers to the henge. Maiden’s Grave may also have served as the wapentake meeting place, during the Early Medieval period.

Details of henge on Pastscape

SE 459450. The soilmark of a henge monument probably Class IIa type – see ‘Thornborough Circles’ (Early Bronze Age, SE 27 NE 4) was visible after ploughing in 1976. The lane to the north had been obviously curved to avoid the bank which is still slightly visible on the ground at this point. See 25” trace. (1)
St Joseph AP shows the soil mark of the western side of the henge.(2)
RAF and OS APs not available.
SE 459450. The henge at Newton Kyme was partly revealed on St. Joseph air photographs taken in 1967 but the whole extent was not identified until 1976 (3,4). The henge consisted of three concentric rings with approximate diameters of 210, 180 and 90m. The inner ring, which had entrances at 170 and 350 degrees, could be traced very well, though there were breaks on the east side. The middle ring had many interruptions and was missing for perhaps 70m. on the north. A long, curving cropmark crossed the henge from N-S and two parallel lines tangential to the outer ring at the south ran in an east-west direction (3).Examination of the henge on the ground in 1979 revealed a wide inner ditch, oval in plan, separated by a broad space from the outer ditches. A bank is raised to nearly one metre. The inner ditch is visible as a slight hollow in distinct contrast to the mound. To the west, the marks suggest a chain of irregular quarry-pits. There is a contrast between the regular finished appearance of the inner ditch and the irregular and discontinuous outer ditch or ditches. (3-4)
This site lies very close to the Roman forts at Newton Kyme. The fact that it still survives as a low earthwork has led to the suggestion that, like Maumbury Rings, the henge may have been reused as a military ludus or amphitheatre. (5) No surveyable trace in field of wheat. (6)
An air photographic interpretation by the RCHME Newton Kyme Project confirmed the cropmark henge centred at SE 4593 4499. There was no evidence from air photographs to suggest any structural changes to the henge, associated with its use as Roman military ‘ludus’, as described by authority 5. The long curving cropmark orientated in a north-south direction across the henge, described by authority 3, is a geological cropmark. The two linear ditches orientated in an east-west direction, south of the henge, also mentioned by authority 3, form a trackway described in SE 44 NE 32.
Three concentric ditches with some evidence of an earthwork bank, were visible on air photographs. The disparate form of the broad inner ditch and the two outer segmented ditches led D. Riley (7a) to suggest they were not contemporary, as the form of the outer ditches resembled a Neolithic causewayed camp, surrounding the inner henge. In view of this, the henge was evaluated as part of the RCHME Industry and Enclosure in the Neolithic Project. It was concluded that this form of henge (Class IIA) has close parallels with six other Yorkshire henges, forming a regional group, of Late Neolithic/ Early Bronze Age henges, and it is was not considered to include a Neolithic causewayed camp structure. (7) SE 459450 Roman fort and vicus and Neolithic henge monument,
scheduled. (8) Newton Kyme. SE 459450. Included in a gazetteer of henge monuments. (9)
The site of the henge falls within the project area for the Vale of York Project and was transcribed at a scale of 1:10,0000, based on the 1:2,5000 plan. Noe new features were noted on recent photographs taken since the 1995 air survey.
(11)

Details of henge on Pastscape

[SE 323 747] A new circle of Thornborough type at Nunwick, some portions of which are extant, discovered by Dr JK St Joseph, is visible on air photographs as a crop-mark circle of about 120 m. diameter. The site is very nearly on the alignment of the axis of the Thornborough Circles, though it is nearer to the Hutton Moor pair. Its measurement agrees well with the diameter of the inner ditch of the central Thornborough circle. (1)
The slight remains of the circle, surveyed at 1:2500, are situated at SE 3229 7484. Its bank is traceable throughout as a broad swelling of indeterminate height, and the inner ditch is discernible, in places, as a superficial depression. There is no evidence of any external ditch, which is a feature of the Thornborough type of circle.
A preliminary excavation by Mr. D. Dymond of R.C.H.M. York, in 1961 added no additional information. Survey of 22.5.62 checked and correct. (2)
A large monument (Atkinson’s Class II) visible as a low bank with internal ditch, and having two opposed entrances on the north and south, corresponding causeways being visible across the ditch on APs. Limited excavation was carried out by D. P. Dymond in 1961. The overall diameter is about 690 ft., the bank was originally 60 ft. wide, now much spread; present height 18 inches. The ditch was 45 ft. wide and 5 ft. 10 inches deep. There was originally a berm of 30 ft. between bank and ditch.
At an early stage in the silting of the ditch there was occupation in a limited area, revealed by a circular patch of burnt material 10 ft. in diameter, containing many pot-boilers. No dating evidence was found but three worked flints, two waste flakes and a scraper came from plough soil in the field to the south-west. (Now in Yorkshire Museum) [See AO/LP/64/11 & 12 – Plan & AP.] (3) SE 3229 7483. Henge monument 300m N of Nunwick. Scheduled RSM No 25585. (4)
Entry in corpus; No 212 Nunwick. Classic henge orientated NNW-SSE.(5)
This henge is visible as cropmarks and low earthworks on historic and recent air photos and lidar-derived images at SE3229 7484. It lies close to where Nunwick Beck and the modified channel of Hallikeld Stell meet before they merge with the River Ure. The henge ditch is approximately 7m wide and encloses a sub-circular area approximately 100m in diameter. There are opposed causewayed entrance facing near north and near south. The lidar-derived images suggest an outer bank that is some 30m wide but much of this is likely to be spread caused by medieval and later ploughing. Although there is a hint of a bank terminus near the northern entrance generally the bank appears to be continuous, again because of the impact of medieval and later ploughing. (6-8)

Details of henge on Pastscape

[SE 0141 6541] (1) A disc barrow at Yarnbury. (1-2)
This feature, although described as a disc barrow, has no vestige of a central mound and seems too well preserved for any removal of such a mound to have taken place. As it now stands, the earthwork has the appearance of a small Class I Henge Monument, as both internal ditch and single entrance are clearly defined. Mr. D. Dymond of R.C.H.M. (York) also considers this to be a small ‘henge’, and, hopes to excavate the site in 1964 Surveyed at 1:2500. (3)
Yarnbury Henge Monument SE 016657. Excavated in 1964. The enclosure consists of a circular earthwork 116 ft. in diameter overall with an internal ditch,and an original entrance in the SE.The ditch was rock-cut and the bank of simple dump construction. No dating evidence and no traces of internal structures were found. Class I. (5)
Situated at SE 01416541 on a slight rise is a Class I Henge measuring 31.0m diameter between the centres of a turf-covered stony bank, about 4.0m wide 0.5m maximum height, with an internal ditch about 3.0m wide 0.5m maximum depth. The single entrance 2.0m wide is in the SE. About 13.0m to the N of the entrance the bank and ditch have been destroyed by modern quarrying about 10.0m in diameter which has sectioned the bank revealing its content of earth and stone.
There is a slight mutilation to the bank and ditch about 2.0m to the W of the entrance. There is no trace of the 1964 excavations.
Surveyed at 1:10 000. (6) SE 0141 6541. Yarnbury henge monument. Scheduled RSM No 24480. (7) No 217. Yarnbury, Grassington. Classified as ‘hengiform’. (8)

Details of henge and stone circle on Pastscape

A Neolithic stone circle and subsequent henge is located at the eastern end of the Stonehenge avenue (Monument Number 858883), beside the river Avon. Excavations in 2009 by the Stonehenge Riverside Project discovered nine pits, or stone settings, making an arc which probably formed part of a larger stone circle measuring perhaps 10m across and thought to have been erected around 3000 BC. Some of the pits contained small bluestone chips which prompted the name `Bluestonehenge?. Charcoal and antler picks were also found. In about 2500 BC the stone circle was dismantled, with the bluestones possibly moved to Stonehenge (Monument Number 219434) and then around 2400BC and a henge ditch, about 25m in diameter, and outer bank were constructed. There do not appear to be any significant solar or lunar orientations within the monument.

Details of Stones on Pastscape

(SX 14377521) Stripple Stones (NAT) Henge (NR) (1)
Class 1 Henge (2), being the second largest stone circle in Cornwall. It stands on the south east slope of Hawk’s Tor. There were originally about 28 standing stones of granite up to 10’ in height in a circle 146.5’ in diameter, at an average distance of 16.5’ apart. Only 4 were still standing at the time of the excavation (3) and comparison with Lukis’s plan 1879 showed that there had been considerable pillage during the intervening years. The circle and platform were surrounded by a bank 224’ in diameter, almost concentric with the stones. The broad and irregular inner ditch at the north east to west became indistinct at the south side. (2-4)
The same number of stones remain (ie 4 standing, 10 recumbent) as shown on Tregelles’ stylised plan. The gap in the west is probably the original entrance; breaks in the south bank appear to be modern. The henge is severely mutilated by cattle, particularly in the north quadrant. Surveyed at 1:2500. (5)
A badly ruined circle-henge with stones of local granite.
Originally a circle of 28 stones with a diameter of 147 ft stood inside a ditch and external bank measuring about 224 ft from crest to crest and broken by a single entrance at the WSW. The bank has curious semi-circular apses in it at NNE, E and WNW.
The 1905 excavation showed that the stones were only poorly supported and several post holes to the north east and west of the centre stone may indicate where trial posts had stood before the position for the tall central pillar was determined. (6)
Stripple Stones, at 280m above O.D. on a shelf of an otherwise very slight south east slope. Partly in open moorland and about one fifth of perimeter in enclosed pasture. Unaltered in recent years, an no obvious diggings by treasure hunters. Damage by cattle continues.
Included in catalogue and distribution map of Neolithic sites in Cornwall. (8)
Roughly circular enclosure defined by slight bank and ditch with single entrance and circle of standing stones on terrace on the south-east side of Hawks Tor at c 275m above OD. (9)

Details of barrow and henge on Pastscape

[SK 3334 2834] Round Hill (1)
About half a mile east of Twyford village is a large tumulus said to contain the remains of Civil War casualties. (2)
SK 333283 Crop marks, ‘Henge’ (AP. ABA 46).
SK 334284 Crop marks, ‘Henge’ (AP AFY 32). (3)
This is a very large bell barrow, the surrounding area is under experimental crop and it is not possible to perambulate. The mound has an approx. max. height of 4.0m., has been ploughed and is now flat topped. Viewed from the field edge there is no surface indications of the ditch.
There are faint traces of an unsurveyable depression, some 25m. beyond the barrow edge, on all sides but the south. The barrow is 3.5m high, published survey (25”) correct. (5) Round Hill, a circular mound 30.0m in diameter and 3.0m high (7), possibly a barrow (6). Air photographs show that it is encircled by a ring ditch 110.0m in diameter with two entrances, suggesting a henge monument. SK 333283: Twyford henge moument and Round Hill Barrow, scheduled.
(SK 333283) Round Hill (NAT) Tumulus (NR) (6-9)
Sub-oval enclosure surrounding a circular mound situated at about 39m above OD. Possible henge, suggested by broad irregular ditch with two entrances. (10)
A henge, surrounding the earthwork remains of a round barrow 30 metres in diameter and 3 metres high. The surrounding ditch is circa 110 metres in diameter, and has two roughly opposed entrances, to the south east and the west-north-west. Cropmarks of a double ditched linear feature, possibly a trackway, run from the south east entrance in a south westerly direction, leading to a sub-rectangular enclosure. Other linear features, presumably field boundaries, are also visible as cropmarks. The barrow mound is centrally positioned within the cropmark enclosure. In the 19th century it was reported that it contained the remains of Civil War casualties, but it is not clear if there is any factual basis for this, or if it is simply a local tradition.
A probable later prehistoric round barrow and possible henge are visible as an earthwork and cropmarks on air photographs, centred at SK 3334 2834. The henge is visible as a curvilinear ditched enclosure with a width varying between 5m and 9m and internal dimensions of 70m by 74m. The southern element of the henge cropmark is very irregular in plan, possibly suggesting extensive damage by later agriculture. It has two possible entrances to the north-west, measuring 10m wide, and south-east, measuring 16m wide, though not opposing one another. A narrow ditch extends to the north-west from the henge entrance for a length of 22m. The feature is bisected and possibly partially disturbed by a post medieval field boundary, orientated north-west to south-east (UID 1518316). The possible round barrow is central to the henge and has a diamater of 33m. A double-ditched trackway cropmark crosses elements of the henge (UID 313176). Most of the earthwork barrow is extant on the latest Next Perspectives PGA Tile Ref: SK3328 23-AUG-2007, though elements appear to have been damaged or removed by recent farming practice. (11-13)

Details of henge on Pastscape

NT 929304: Old Yeavering Henge was discovered on air photographs 200m. east-south-east of the Anglo-Saxon palace site (NT 93 SW 11). It was found to be a double entrance henge, with the entrances aligned northwest-southeast. Subsequent excavation in 1976 revealed a 4m. wide flattish bottom ditch encompassing an elliptical area of 16 by 19m.
Outside the western entrance a grave was uncovered. It was contained in an oval pit 1.96 by 1.14m and 0.70m. deep. The inhumation burial appeared as a silhouette of buff coloured grey material in orange gravel. It lay on its right side, head to the south and was contracted.
There were no dateable finds with the burial but it was probably contemporary with the henge. A little to the north of the grave was an irregular bowl-shaped pit circa 0.80 c 0.62m. and 0.31m. deep. Radio carbon dating from a layer of burnt material in the fill gave a date of 2940 +/- 90 bc. This pit appeared to have had a domestic function. Some 6m. outside the eastern entrance of the henge was an irregularly shaped depression containing a large number of Neolithic sherds. The depression does not appear to have been deliberately constructed. The henge was sandwiched between a rectangular house and a double enclosure ditch which appear to be synonymous with the Anglo Saxon palace site. (1)
Yeavering. Sub-oval cropmark enclosure broken by two entrances. A stone setting covering a grave was found 2m outside the W entrance on the main axis of the henge, with a domestic pit a short distance to the north. 6m outside the E entrance was an irregular depression. No prehistoric features were recovered in the interior which had been extensively reused in the Saxon period. Saxon features cut into the upper ditch fill.
Dimensions, internal diameter 16-19m, ditch 3.5-4m wide. Orientation ESE, WNW. (2)
The site has been mapped from the air as part of the Milfield Geoarchaeology Project. (See archive object MD000295)

Details of stone on Pastscape

A standing stone, its name deriving from a traditional association with a battle which took place in 1415, in which Sir Robert Umfrevill defeated the Scots at “Geteryne”. However, the stone is generally regarded as being of prehistoric date. It lies on a direct alignment from the opposing entrances of the nearby henge NT 93 SW 40, although the stone reportedly fell in 1890 and was re-erected in 1924 or 1925 following a visit by the Berwickshire Naturalists Club. As a result, its present position cannot be regarded as exact, although it is presumably close to its original location. It is circa 2 metres high, and is a scheduled ancient monument.

Details of henge on Pastscape

A henge monument at Arminghall photographed from the air (as cropmarks) in 1929 and partly excavated in 1935. The site comprises two concentric sub-circular ditches, the innermost circa 27 metres across and the outer circa 82 metres across. The outer ditch is much narrower. Traces of a slight bank were noted both inside the outer ditch and outside the inner ditch. These are presumed by the excavator to represent the same bank. The inner ditch has an entrance on its south-western side. The outer ditch could not be traced on the south west, so it is unclear if it featured a corresponding entrance gap. Cropmark evidence in fact suggests that there may have been three or four interruptions in the oute circuit in the south to southwest sector. Within the inner enclosure was a horseshoe-shaped arrangement of 8 substantial post holes, each of which was accompanied by a ramp (all facing the same direction). The two post holes which were excavated suggested that they held oak posts each about 1 foot in diameter, and sunk about 8 feet into the ground. Several decades later, a radiocarbon date of 2490+/-150 bc (uncalibrated) was obtained from charcoal recovered from one of the post holes. Finds from primary contexts were rather limited, comprising mainly flint flakes, cores and burnt flints plus 16 sherds of rusticated Beaker pottery from a “charcoal seam” in the inner ditch. The presence of Beaker sherds is a little at odds with the radiocarbon date, even allowing for the age of the wood, which suggests that the timber circle/horseshoe may well pre-date the henge itself. Unstratified material and finds from secondary contexts included items of Mesolithic, Iron Age and Roman date.

Details of stones on Pastscape

At SS 8018 4369, on the south-west facing slopes of Manor Allotment, is an alignment of three stones. It lies in a patch of bracken on a heather-covered hillside, adjacent to a modern path.
The stones are aligned north-south and consist of (from north to south):
1. Edge-set slab (0.35 m long, 0.1 m high, 0.05 m wide).
2. Stub.
3. Edge-set slab (0.4 m long, 0.1 m high, 0.03 m wide).
The shortness of this alignment suggests that it is a stone setting rather than a stone row. The adjacent path poses a direct threat to this vulnerable moument. Found during field reconnaissance and surveyed at 1:100 scale. (1)

Details of stone on Pastscape

Standing stone at SS 72064471 on Ilkerton Ridge south west of Hill Cottage, 3ft 3in high, 14in wide and 7in thick (1) was 2ft high in 1961 (2). (1-2)
SS 72074474. A standing stone 0.9m high, probably of prehistoric origin and classified under Bronze Age by Grinsell. (3)
A standing stone of local slate situated on the SE side of a broad saddle, is aligned WNW to ESE, following the ridge. It is of rectangular section, 0.4m wide and 0.15m thick and has an angled or `chisel’ top. A slight lean to the NNW has reduced its vertical height of 1m to 0.9m. Firmly embedded the stone is within a sheep worn hollow 1.8m across and 0.2m deep with a few loose stones which may have been former trigs. Its situation and proximity to barrows, suggests a prehistoric origin (4).

Details of stone on Pastscape

SS 78784467 Stone (NAT) (1) At Badgworthy Lees, South of Withycombe Ridge Water, two stones are shown on the OS map. (2) SS 788446 One standing stone. (3)
The eastern of the two probably prehistoric standing stones has apparently been removed. (4)
Formerly recorded as SS 74 SE 23, the easternmost of two standing stones (W stone is now SS 74 SE 97) This stone, still visible, contra authority (4), is an irregular slab with a jagged point, 0.7m high, 0.6m wide and 0.3m thick at the base. It now stands in an erosion hole, 1.5m across and 0.2m deep. It is regarded as probably prehistoric and is scheduled as such, but its origin remains uncertain. (5)

Details of barrow on Pastscape

ST 0672 3426: Tumulus (NR) Tumulus (NR). Round barrow 600 yards south west of Tilsey Plantation. Scheduled. Bowl barrow cairn 18 paces by 3 feet. (3)
This is a large, much disturbed bowl barrow 0.9 metres high. There is a fairly heavy concentration of stone on the surface but much of this probably resulted from field clearance during the war. Surveyed at 1/2500. See GP’s AO/65/68/1 & 2 stereo pair. (4)
ST06723425. Elworthy 1. A cairn north west of Elworthy barrows (ST 03 SE 1). Visited by Grinsell in May 1952 when it was under grass and measured 18 paces in diameter by 3 feet in height.Elworthy 1a. A barrow “in a field adjoining Elworthy Barrows”.
“Said to have been destroyed 1833, when was found a ring of stones encircling a quantity of ashes, among which was a stone or flint ‘Spear-head”, not preserved. Perhaps this may be barrow Elworthy 1”. (However Elworthy 1 is not strictly in a field adjoining Elworthy Barrows). (5-8)
This barrow is located in a pasture field on the eastern edge of the Brendon Hills at ST 0672 3426. The barrow survives as a large, spread ovoid mound, 20.8 metres N-S and 16 metres E-W. It is 0.9 metres high. The mound is turf covered and the top has a scattering of large blocks of stone – probably the result of recent field clearance. The top of the mound has been disturbed by a linear trench, possibly caused by vehicle damage (9).
ST 6723 3426: Bowl barrow 650 metres north west of Elworthy Barrows hillfort in an area known locally as Higher Hill. The mound is 19.5 metres diameter and 1.2 metres high. Scheduled. (10)
This mound is visible on a number of aerial photographs of the 1940s onwards. It has been transcribed as part of the Exmoor National Mapping Programme survey. Centred on circa ST 0671834262, the mound appears to measure approximately 19 metres long by 15 metres across, orientated roughly ENE-WSW. (11)

Details of site on Pastscape

[Centred: ST 07053370] Elworthy Barrows [TI] Camp [GT]. (1)
Elworthy Barrows [Listed under Simple Enclosed Camps] consists of the fragmentary remains of an approximately circular camp, circa 220 yard. diameter, defended by a bank and ditch. A considerable length of the bank, much reduced in height, remains on the N., another and higher section on the S.W., whilst the high banks which turned inwards and formed the entrance on the S.E., still remain. Polished stone axe found in Elworthy Barrows. (3) Univallate hillfort. (2-4)
“Elworthy Barrows” (Elworthy Burrows on early maps and the Tithe Map) is a fine example of an unfinished hillfort in a situation where there is no natural defence. The area was enclosed in the 1830s and probably laid down to pasture. There has been occasional ploughing but it is unlikely that there has been any deliberate attempt to destroy the rampart and infill the ditch. It was last ploughed c. 1943 when Mr. A. L. Wedlake collected a number of cores, worked flakes and three leaf shaped arrowheads from the interior and these remain in his possession. Lady A. Fox said that H. St. G. Gray was of the opinion that the earthwork was of Ne. origin but there is no evidence of this. Causewayed effects on the N. side appear to have resulted from incomplete construction – there is a wide berm between the quarry pits representing the ditch and the upcast of the rampart. The E. side has been taken a stage further with a continuous weak bank and shallow ditch although the inturned entrance is well developed. The southern side has been mutilated by a field bank constructed along the rampart. The West side of the hillfort is nearly complete though throughout working sections are distinct on the bank and in the ditch. The gap in the S.W. seems original, perhaps an intended entrance. There are no traces of any setting out bank that may have existed in the large gaps on the N.W. and N.E. The polished axe recorded by the V.C.H. cannot be traced at Taunton Mus. Surveyed at 1/2500. See GP’s. AO/65/6715-8. (5-7)
An unfinished univallate hillfort, circular in plan, covering an area of 3.5 hectares and defined by defences comprising a bank and outer ditch. The northern defences are less advanced than elsewhere comprising a bank with a narrow break in its length, flanked by a series of shallow quarry ditches. The eastern defences are defined by a bank, berm and shallow outer ditch with an overall width of 22 metres. An inturned entrance is also present. The southern defences are thought to be complete and comprise a bank up to 6 metres in height with an outer ditch up to 4.5 metres wide. There are also traces of an outer bank. A possible entrance has also been recorded. (8)
The earthworks of Elworthy Barrows hillfort are clearly visible on aerial photographs of the 1940s onwards, centred on circa SS 07123370. The earthworks are as described by the above authorities and have been transcribed as part of the Exmoor National Park National Mapping Programme survey.
A quarry, possibly of post-medieval date, has been cut into the north-eastern tip of the outer ditch, at circa SS 07103383. (9-11)

Details of Longstone on Pastscape

(SS 70514307) Long Stone (NR) A standing stone known as the Longstone 9ft high, 2ft2in wide and 7in thick. No change; classified as Bronze Age by Grinsell.
Published survey 1:2500 correct. (3)
SS 70514307 Longstone, A Standing Stone situated on a flat topped ridge of rough grassland and heather at about 465m OD. It is a tall slatey slab 3m high, 1.2m wide and 0.25m thick at its base. It is orientated NE/SW and an OS bench mark has been cut on its SE side. There is a `trigger’ stone 0.7m high, 0.5m high and 0.15m thick, set against its SE side. It stands in an erosion hollow 3m in diameter and 0.3m maximum depth (4).
SS 7051443072. `Long Stone’ a prehistoric standing stone as described by authority 4. It is shown on Donn’s Map (a) of 1765 but incorrectly positioned on the Somerset side of the County Boundary. The monument is Scheduled: Devon 204, entitled Chapman Longstone (b). Published Surveyed 1:2500 correct.
(Note: Part of the SMR (c) entry for this site is incorrect. Long Stone is not “set in a quadrilateral formed of smaller stones”; the reference to “Plate 3” does not apply to Long Stone; and the barrow referred to is not `Long Stone Barrow’. There appears to have been some confusion in the recording with NMR site SS 64 SE 2). (5)

Details of Stone Circle on Pastscape

[SS 8451 4466] Stone Circle (NR) The stone circle on Porlock Allotment, to the west of the road from Porlock to Exford discovered by Mr. E. T. McDermott, is 80ft. in diameter. The stones would probably have stood originally about 6 ft. apart, suggesting an approx. number of 43. The remaining stones consist of 10 standing stones and broken off stumps, and 11 prostrate stones. [See Illustrations Card.]
Some of the fallen stones illustrated by St. G. Gray have been removed but all the earthfast stones remain. The tallest upright stone is 0.8m high, but the largest stone is a recumbent stone (St. G. Gray’s No. 13) which is 1.9m.long and 0.7m. wide. The mound shown by St. G. Gray at SS 8453 4467 is a robbed and
overgrown cairn. It has a maximum height of 0.4m and is listed by Grinsell as Porlock No. 3. Surveyed at 1/2500. (SS 84514466) Stone Circle (NR) (SS 84534468) Cairn (NR)
SS 844447. This circle was greatly disturbed during the 1939-45 war. Many of the stones have fallen around a 24.4m circle, one about 1.9m at the south south east.SS 84544469. Porlock 3. Mutilated cairn 10 paces diameter and 1 ft high, visited by Grinsell 25th April 1962. Porlock Stone Circle SS 84514466.
This monument is situated towards the S edge of Porlock Common, on flattish ground just above the gentle SW slope to Colley Water, which rises 300m to the ESE. There are views to the S and W across Porlock Allotment.
Of 21 stones in an earlier survey (2) only 14 remain. Seven are standing, seven are fallen. Three stones have fallen since the earlier survey. Most noticeable is the disappearance of five stones from the SW arc. One stone appears to be modern. All are of local sandstone.
The fallen stones appear to lie close to their original positions; together with the surviving uprights they form a true (though not perfect) circle of c24.5m diameter. The majority of the stones are quite small but typical of Exmoor, only the fallen stone reaching unusually large proportions. The standing stones all have their major axis aligned around the circumference of the circle. The status of the central stone, Grays `central picket’ is not at all certain. Central stones do occur elsewhere but are not common (10) and in this case unconvincing.
A cairn formerly recorded with this circle is now recorded separately as SS 84 SW 129. It lies only 20m NE of the circle centre. `Recumbant stones’ NE of the circle (11) could not be identified. There is a general scatter of stones around the site but none which can be reliably connected. (12)

Details of workings on Pastscape

SS 752382. Remains of “early” ironworkings are visible at Burcombe. The iron deposits on Exmoor have been worked since Roman times and a systematic attempt to exploit them was made in the third quarter of the 19th century. (1)

The earthworks of an abandoned ironworking centred at SS753382 are visible at Burcombe located on a steep hillslope and into a deep valley. The origin of the workings are not known but much of the surviving evidence is probably attributable to the post-medieval period. The site is part of the extensive ironworkings which lay down Burcombe valley.

A 1:1000 scale survey of this openwork known as Roman Lode, was undertaken in 1997 by the RCHME Exeter Office. The substantial earthwork is some 660m in length with at least four capped shafts and a number of adits traceable. Mounds of spoil and worked-over dumps survive on both sides of the earthwork.

The survey was commissioned by the Exmoor National Park as part of the Exmoor Ironworking Project. The survey and report are deposited in the Archive. (2-4).

The extensive openwork known as Roman Lode is clearly visible on aerial photographs of Burcombe, Exmoor. In addition, to the north of the openwork a number of hummocks and pits can also be seen. Excavations at these pits as part of the Exmoor Ironworking Project in the early 21st century established a radiocarbon date dating to the mid Bronze Age. It is possible that copper was also exploited here prior to iron working, and if that is the case, it is also conceivable that iron has been extracted here throughout the Iron Age, Roman and early medieval periods as well. Certainly the size and complexity of the working indicate that a long period of exploitation occurred here. The form of the openwork itself suggests a medieval or early post medieval date, and it is likely that the majority of the workings date to this period (5-7).

Details of stone on Pastscape

Standing stone on Hoccombe Hill, SS 77044389. These ground photograph supplied to the NAR. SS 77044389: A slab, possibly prehistoric in origin, is situated on the summit of the ridge from Clannon Ball to Hoccombe Hill about 418m OD in an area of rough grassland. It is up to 0.45 m high, 1.1 m wide and 0.2m thick. At its N end there is a hollow, 0.7 m across and 0.3 m deep. (2)