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I have come across a few references to written records made by the Romans about cultural practices which they found when they came to these islands. For example, in The Golden Bough, Frazer mentions records made by Julius Caesar of human sacrifice in the British Isles (1993, p. 653). Could anybody tell me where to find any such early texts? Have they been published in recent years? Are they on the internet?

It strikes me that such eyewitness accounts must be a good way of confirming or disconfirming the colourful popular image of druids and stone circles, sacrifices and fertility rites. No doubt any such accounts would have to be treated with care. Perhaps the Romans didn't care enough about the cultures they imposed themselves upon to record them accurately. Or perhaps they deliberately distorted their records for propaganda purposes. (Rome is the light! Look at these dark, savage places to which we bring the fruits of civilisation!) This latter possibility seems especially pertinent with respect to Caesar's account; it seems strange to have a ruler doing the work of historians, unless it was because he intended his writings to have political clout. In any case, I would like to judge the evidence for myself.

(As an aside, I've also heard about Roman writers who bemoaned the progress of Roman civilisation and waxed lyrical about traditional, rural ways of life. I'd like to find these texts as well!)

Thanks very much,
Nick

Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars is here:
http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html

Something useful from Tacitus? here
http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/tac/ag01010.htm#ag_01_016


Cassius Dio has a little bit on Britain
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html

There's bound to be more somewhere. But that's a start I guess. I'd be interested to read this stuff too so will keep looking.

Iraqi troops defend Britain.

Going off at a bit of a tangent I'm afraid but it's been revealed that a "...unit of Iraqis, probably from the Basra region, formed part of the Roman troops defending the empire from incursions at its northernmost border, Hadrian's Wall. A Roman document from about AD400 called the Notitia Dignitatum... refers to an irregular unit... from the Tigris, based at Arbeia, the fort nearest modern South Shields. The name Arbeia itself could be derived from the Latin for Arab."*

I wonder what religion those troops practiced...

* Extract from an article in today's Guardian, page 10.