The patent office website is pretty helpful and all the rules are there:
http://www.patent.gov.uk/copy/indetail/basicfacts.htm

>'does the copyright belong to both the person taking the photograph and the publisher of the book or report the photograph was in?'

That depends on whether the publisher bought perpetual, exclusive rights to the image... Normally the photographer or artist would have copyright on their images, even if they sell the original. For example, buyers of my paintings may own the original, but they do not have to right to reproduce that image. I keep that. If in doubt, the safest thing to do would be to assume the photographer or artist still has the copyright (unless they're dead for 70 years) and the publisher bought the right to use it in their publication.
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