close
more_vert

I don't buy it. Are there any modern or recent essentially nomadic hunter/gatherer societies that have built large religious structures? Sure - the San bushmen have a religion and they painted rock shelter walls. Ditto the native Australians with their sand and bark paintings. So that is as far as the religious/spiritual imperative needs to be stretched and the parallel is with palaeolithic cave art.

With regard to substantial built structures of stone, it's a question of scale, ergonomics and economics. How can you assemble, feed and house a large workforce if you do not have food growing nearby and stored nearby? Hence grain pits. The only alternative is to fish or keep it on the hoof - ie pastoralism. Then you require drovers and drove routes and even corrals. The herds would need sufficient grazing and would need to breed sufficient young to replace those slaughtered and eaten. That is why I believe that agriculture is a pre-requisite of temple building and not a result of temple building.

Poverty Point in Louisiana has six concentric rings of earthworks covering 150 hectares , built by hunter gatherers. We don't know the time scale but that is quite an area .

I think it would depend on the size of the largest stones being used.

If you think of long cairns, they could have been accumulated over a period of years, as mobile groups passed through the land. Perhaps using the cairn as a focal point in the landscape for the purpose of meeting other groups at agreed times of the year.

Then there's always the blurry line between harvesting 'encouraged' wild crops that have been partially selected by human activity (as described in detail by Mr Mithen), and full-blown sessile farming. That could make organised shifting of larger stones more feasible for mobile populations.