I think that view is widely supported. The big difference is not in the bio-neuro-chemo-whatever nature of the brain, but in the socialisation.

Different things are important to different cultures. Even going back only a few hundred years, it was important to know the lineage of just about any person you ever met -- "I am Stephen, son of Thomas, son of Albert of the house of..." sort of thing. Now, nobody gives a toss.

A different mind-set resulting from different socialisation is what makes it hard to understand ancient cultures, not evolutionary differences.