Kammer

Kammer

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Paintballing Planning Application

A Ceredigion paintball company based on land adjacent to Old Warren hillfort have recently caused a stir among some local residents by applying for planning permission to extend their operations. The Cambrian News recently carried an article about it, by Scarlet Jones. Most of the article focused on the alleged detrimental effects that paintballing has had on wildlife in the area, but it briefly alluded to the hillfort:

“The woodland itself is separated by means of a footpath from Old Warren Hill, the largest single ditched hill fort in Wales and a designated nature reserve.”

“I don’t think it would be suitable to have a paintball area so close to such a valuable piece of historical land.”

The application hasn’t yet been heard by Ceredigion County Council Planning Committee, but the consultancy period expired in December.

Source: The Cambrian News, Thursday 1st January 2004

Miscellaneous

Hafotty-Fach Cairns
Cairn(s)

This cairn is listed by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust at the grid reference SH66391355 as ‘cairn’ of a period ‘unknown’. It looks like a ring cairn, but according to Coflein it’s usually enterpretted as a damaged round cairn:

A round cairn, 22m in diameter & 1.0m high, defined by a stoy bank, thought to be a disturbed round cairn, rather than a ring cairn. Has been suggested to have been a cockpit.

The cairn isn’t marked on the Ordnance Survey Landranger map, but it is marked on the Explorer (number 23).

Miscellaneous

Hafotty-Fach Stones
Standing Stones

These stones are listed by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust:

Stone II is at grid reference SH66421363 “Standing Stone – Cairn”. I think this is an amalgamation of two records, one for the standing stone and one for Hafotty-Fach Ring Cairn. This may be a misinterpretation.

Stone I is at grid reference SH66601365, but they also list a third stone nearby at SH66591364. I can see some scope for confusion identifying one from the other in the field as they’re very close to each other. As I’ve failed to locate either, I can’t really help clarify the situation. Strangely neither of these sites appear to be listed by the RCAHMW.

Both these stones are marked on the Ordnance Survey Landranger map.

Miscellaneous

Plas Cregennen Stone
Standing Stone / Menhir

This stone is listed by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust as a prehistoric standing stone, but Coflein describes it as the remains of two cairns (this reflects the RCAHMW records). I can also see how it might be interpreted as a natural outcrop.

I’ve plucked the name of this stone out of the sky because it doesn’t appear to have one (Plas Cregennen was a house that stood nearby until 1991 – now marked by a modern carved stone). The eight figure grid reference for Plas Cregennen Stone is SH65941450. This is based on the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust records, but having visited the site I’d say it’s much more useful than the four figure reference (at the top of the page), which is a bit misleading.

The Braaid

Visited 25th August 2003: Parking for the Braaid isn’t very easy. The nearest lay-by isn’t very close to the footpath, so you’re forced to walk along the A24, which is quite a busy road. Once on the footpath, it’s relatively easy going, but not exactly wheelchair friendly.

Just when you think the prehistoric sites on Mann couldn’t get any stranger, along comes a place like the Braaid. As we approached it I was wondering what the hell it was. Stones stick out of the ground all over the place like shark teeth. It’s only when you get up close that it begins to make sense.

The Braaid is a settlement, used up until the Viking period, but that’s about all everyone agrees on. It contains three structures, one a Viking Long House, one a Viking cattle byre and the other a circle of orthostats with rubble between them. The circle was initially interpreted as a stone circle, adapted for use as a round house in a later period. This would make it the only ‘true’ stone circle on the island. Modern thinking is that it never was a stone circle, but was built during the Iron Age as a round house.

I really enjoyed this place (even the Viking stones were pleasing). Like most of the sites on the island the Braaid is not busy with visitors. The stones are well placed in the surrounding countryside, and it’s easy to sit and ponder it all. It’s quite a puzzle.

Ballaharra Stones

Visited 25th August 2003: The Ballaharra Stones, like Tynwald Hill have been coiffured and made into something quite un-prehistoric looking. They sit alongside the road in a rose garden, in the shadow of the Royal Chapel of St. John, looking a bit like a badly thought out garden feature. I was a bit melancholic visiting what remains of this tomb, but I guess it’s a blessing that anything remains at all.

Tynwald Hill

Visited 25th August 2003: Tynwald Hill is smaller than I’d expected. It doesn’t look like a prehistoric mound, largely because of the terracing that runs up it, and the staircase built into the eastern side. Is it prehistoric? I’m not sure that this particullar site it is, but perhaps the parliamentary customs that surround it started off at a similar Bronze Age mound nearby (a cist was discovered).

As well as the hill, it’s worth visiting the Royal Chapel of St. John (which is very modern) and Ballaharra Stones, just opposite.

Miscellaneous

Ballaharra Stones
Burial Chamber

At the site there is a small information board with strangely out of place images of Stonehenge on it. Why there are no pictures of the Ballaharra Stones as they were found I’m not sure. The text on the board is rather more relevant (links added by me):

In 1971 whilst an extension to the Ballaharra Sandpit was taking place, a chambered tomb and an extensive cremation deposit was discovered.

Sadly the chamber had been disturbed but it was excavated by Miss Sheila Cregeen a local archaeologist from Peel and was discovered to be one of the islands ten megalithic tombs.

The tomb appeared to have had two chambers and was thought to have belonged to the same Neolithic tradition as Cashtal yn Ard in Maughold and King Orry’s Grave at Laxey.

A fine range of flint implements and pottery, including some with distinctive decoration were discovered, similar to articles only previously found at Meayll Circle. An urn from the Bronze Age was also found.

Ballaharra was the most important site on the Island for Neolithic pottery.

The site yielded radio carbon dates of circa 2300B.C.

Six large stones were found, unfortunately two were crushed and the four remaining stones were kindly donated to German Parish Commissioners by Keith and Alan Corlett who now own the Ballaharra Sandpit.

The Commissioners re erected the stones on this site (which was the old Village Pinpound) as a Millennium project in 2000/2001. Further details and information can be obtained from the Manx Museum.

Image of Tynwald Hill (Artificial Mound) by Kammer

Tynwald Hill

Artificial Mound

Taken 25th August 2003: This uninspiring photo shows the hill, viewed from the east, with Louise and Alfie for scale.

The poles to the left and right are flag-poles, lining the path that connects the hill with the church. The pole in the middle is both a flag pole and a tent pole, used support an awning to shelter dignitaries at the Tynwald assemblies.

Image credit: Simon Marshall

Miscellaneous

Tynwald Hill
Artificial Mound

There’s some debate as to how old Tynwald Hill is, and what it originally represented. The web site Isleofman.com has this to say about the origins of the hill:

The mound is nowadays thought originally to have been a burial mound of the Bronze Age. Similar sites were found throughout the Scandinavian lands and are said to have been raised as altars to the god Thor. From religious sites they developed into places where people of a community gathered together.

The hill has never been excavated, so nobody really knows. A burial cist was discovered near Tynwald Hill (50 yards to the north) and some people believe that this (not the existing hill) represents the site of a mound, which was re-used as the original parliamentary meeting place. Presumably this theory places the existing hill within the Viking period.

Ancient Disc Declared Treasure

From an article on BBC News web site:

A Bronze Age gold disc used as an item of adornment at a burial 4,000 years ago has been declared treasure trove by a coroner at Aberystwyth.

The disc dating back 4,000 years was discovered at Cwmystwyth Mines near Aberystwyth – and is only the third known piece of gold from the Bronze Age discovered in Wales.

In November, the inquest had to be adjourned because the disk was not presented in court by representatives of the National Museum of Wales.

The find – roughly the size of a milk bottle top – is said to be as significant as the famous Mold cape – thought to have been worn as a garment for religious ceremonies by a great authority.

More ...

The Kew

Visited 25th August 2003: The Kew or Giant’s Grave is a an unusual site. Just as I was getting the hang of interpreting the Manx burial cairns I found myself flummoxed by this strange selection of stones.

The Kew is a double row of stones, the gap between the rows getting smaller at each end. The stones all lean inwards in such a regular fashion that it seems unlikely that they’ve subsided. On the western end of the site is an old field boundary, marked with a hedge-bank. This is close enough to the stones to give the impression that some of the site may be buried underneath it. At least one large stone in the hedge-bank looked like it might have once been part of the monument.

The site can be viewed from the track that runs past it, but the hedgerow makes this a bit tricky. There’s no public right of access to this site itself (something I didn’t realise at the time of our visit).

Image of The Kew (Chambered Tomb) by Kammer

The Kew

Chambered Tomb

Taken 25th August 2003: A large stone in the hedge-bank next to the Kew. It’s not clear whether was originally part of the monument.

Image credit: Simon Marshall

Miscellaneous

The Kew
Chambered Tomb

An article in the Journal of Manx Museum has this to say about The Kew:

The monument at the Kew, when it is further examined, is likely to reveal resemblances with Brittany and the west of the Iberian peninsula.

Not a lot to go on really. I’m glad it’s not just me that finds this site confusing.

German 'Stonehenge' Marks Oldest Observatory

Here’s an interesting article by Madhusree Mukerjee, published on ScientificAmerican.com. This site has a very draconian copyright statement, so I’ve paraphrased a bit of text as a taster:

The Goseck Circles are the remains of a henge-like monument, visible only as crop mark in a field, near the town of Goseck in Germany. Archaeologists published their first findings in August having first discovered the site from the air.

The Goseck Circles are thought to be Neolithic, dating back to 4900 BCE, taking the form of four concentric circles, a mound (or bank?), a ditch and two wooden palisades. Three palisade gates faced north, southwest and southeast. The article describes an alignment with the Winter Solstice sunrise between the centre of the circles and the southern gate.

Last year an etched disk known as the Nebra disk was found 25km from the circles, reinforcing the theory that the site may have been used as a very early observatory.

Scientific American: Circles for Space [ ARCHAEO-ASTRONOMY ]
German “Stonehenge” marks oldest observatory

Miscellaneous

West Linton Cist Cemetery
Burial Chamber

This site is a reconstruction of a cist found nearby:

The original site was exposed in 1993 by the waters of a nearby reservoir and consisted of nine stone-lined burial chambers. In addition to fragmentary human remains these contained decorated pottery vessels, worked flints and some of the earliest pieces of lead yet found in Britain. Lead occurs naturally at West Linton and the pieces found took the form of beads, which had been combined with shale discs in a necklace for a small child. This site may be reached on one of a network of paths which radiates from the West Linton Village.

Source: The Scottish Borders Heritage Web site

Folklore

King Orry’s Grave
Chambered Cairn

The Manx National Heritage information board next to the south western part of the site has this to say about King Orry:

King Orry is an almost legendary character revered by the Manx as their greatest king. He was King Godred Crovan, who seized the throne in 1079 and created the kingdom of Man and the Isles stretching from the Irish Sea to the Outer Hebrides. Several monuments are named in deference to him, but there is no connection between the historical figure and these prehistoric remains.

King Orry’s Grave

Visited 24th August 2003: Is this one site or two? Nobody seems to know for sure. We parked up right next to the north eastern section of the site, and while Alfie dozed in the car we tried to figure out what went where. Like Cashtal yn Ard there’s a forcourt, a clearly visible tomb entrance, and a long denuded cairn with chambers, but in this case the road cuts the end off.

On the other side of the road is the south western section of King Orry’s Grave, and this may or may not be part of the same cairn. The solitary standing stone is thought to be the last of the stones that defined the arced wall of yet another forecourt (this suggests to me that the two sites aren’t part of the same tomb).

Both parts of the site are difficult to interpret. Luckily there are big information boards on both sides of the road with reconstructive illustrations on them (slightly fanciful, but still useful). If you plan on visiting King Orry’s Grave, I’d recommend getting hold of a plan beforehand. It will help.

Buried Megaliths Discovered at Stone Circle Site

From an article on Ananova:

Archaeologists have discovered an arc of buried megaliths that once formed part of the great stone circle at Avebury in Wiltshire.

The National Trust says the existence of these enormous stones, originally constructed more than 4,500 years ago, has remained a puzzle for the last 300 years.

Visitors to Avebury will see most of the standing megaliths in the western half of the stone circle.

The famous map of Avebury drawn up by William Stukely in the 1720s showed that many of the stones in the south east and north east quadrants of the circle were missing.

Now, the first ever geophysics survey of these areas of Avebury, carried out by the National Trust, has revealed that at least 15 of the megaliths lie buried in the circle itself.

More from Ananova...
The same story in the Independent...
The same story on the BBC News site...

The Spiral Stone

Visited 24th August 2003: Sadly there are no spirals on this stone [or at least that’s what I thought – see Captain Flint’s post]. It rests in the hedge bank of the lane leading into the tiny village of Ballaragh from the north. I have no idea how it got its name.

The Spiral Stone is thought to be a Bronze Age standing stone. Presumably it’s no longer in its original location. Parking is a bit tricky because the road is narrow, but anyone who’s happy with viewing from the car won’t get interrupted by much traffic.

Image of The Spiral Stone (Carving) by Kammer

The Spiral Stone

Carving

Taken 24th August 2003: A close-up of the stone, thought to be a Bronze Age standing stone.

The green sign above the stone quotes the Manx Museum and Ancient Monuments Act of 1886, in essence saying, ‘if you damage this monument you’ll be prosecuted’.

Image credit: Simon Marshall
Image of The Spiral Stone (Carving) by Kammer

The Spiral Stone

Carving

Taken 24th August 2003: The Spiral Stone from the other side of the lane, indicating just how close to the road it is.

I was rather taken by the racing style kerb, although the stone isn’t on the TT Course, and the road is really rather small.

Image credit: Simon Marshall

Miscellaneous

Copa Hill
Ancient Mine / Quarry

In Clearance & Examination of Stone Building on Copa Hill (SCMC Journal No.2), Colin Armfield writes:

The historical evidence for mining at Cwmystwyth begins with the opencast workings at the top of Copper Lode on Copa Hill, to the south of Kingside Lode. This area has provided dates of approximately 1500BC.

From Colin Armfield’s Web Site.

Dig Unearths Bronze Age Sun Disc

From an article on BBC News web site:

An ancient gold disc which was used as an item of adornment at a burial 4,000 years ago has been discovered in Ceredigion.

Experts say the priceless sun disc is the first one of its kind to be found in Wales and only the third known piece of gold from the Bronze Age uncovered here.

The disc found by chance by an archaeologist digging at Copa Hill at the Cwmystwyth Mines – 10 miles outside Aberystwyth – was the subject of a treasure trove inquest heard by Ceredigion coroner on Tuesday.

More ...

Miscellaneous

Ballafayle
Chambered Cairn

The Manx Museum and National Trust plaque next to the remains of the tomb says:

BALLAFAYLE CAIRN
REMAINS OF NEOLITHIC BURIAL SITE, 2000 TO 1500 B. C. WEDGE SHAPED CAIRN,
CONTAINING MANY STONES FUSED BY HEAT.
BOUNDED BY DRY-STONE WALLING ON ONE SIDE. CREMATED BURIALS FOUND IN CAIRN.
CONCAVE BANK WITH STANDING STONES ON
THIS SIDE* OF CAIRN BORDERS A PAVED
FORE-COURT.
EXCAVATED 1926

* The western side.

Miscellaneous

Cashtal yn Ard
Chambered Cairn

Here’s what the little Manx Museum and National Trust plaque next to the tomb says:

CASHTAL YN ARD
REMAINS OF BURIAL SITE OF NEW STONE AGE CIRCA 1800 B. C.
ORIGINALLY COVERED BY GREAT CAIRN OF STONE, WITH SEMI-CIRCULAR OPEN FORECOURT AT WESTERN END. A PORTAL FROM THE FORECOURT LED TO FIVE BURIAL CHAMBERS WITHIN THE CAIRN.

That about sums it up.

Cashtal yn Ard

Visited 24th August 2003: Cashtal yn Ard is one of the megalithic celebrities on Mann, so we approached it with some excitement. This turned out to be well placed, because the tomb is something special. I was still trying to get my head round the Manx tomb architecture, and this was the place to do it. If you had to see one tomb on the island, this should be the one.

The weather was good so we decided to have our picnic leaning against the forecourt stones near the tomb entrance. William loved the kinky portal stones and the square chambers, but I had to persuade him to be careful because some of the smaller stones moved when he clambered on them. Alfie crawled all over the place, and cruised round the monoliths, propping them up. It was a very relaxing visit.

Parking at the bottom of the lane is a bit tricky because there’s barely space to get two cars through. The gate by the road is on its last legs, and the gate into the tomb’s enclosure is unnecessarily small. There’s also a moderate incline up to the tomb, so wheelchair users and pushchair users beware.

Image of Cashtal yn Ard (Chambered Cairn) by Kammer

Cashtal yn Ard

Chambered Cairn

Taken 24th August 2003: Looking south east(ish) down the line of chambers that were once under the cairn.

I’m still not sure what the distinctive bump in the soil represents (where the grass is bleached).

Image credit: Simon Marshall

Ballafayle

Visited 24th August 2003: I spotted Ballafayle on the Ordnance Survey map, so we decided to take a look on our way to Cashtal yn Ard. Given the low profile the site has in the tourist leaflets and on the web we were surprised to find that there’s good access to the site, and quite a bit to see. This was my first proper Manx cairn, so I found it very puzzling.

The lane runs right past Ballafayle, with space for a car to park. Immediately opposite the cairn is Rullic Ny Quakern, a Keeill that was later used as a 17th Century Quaker burial ground. Access to from the road to both sites is unnecessarily hindered by low stone stiles.

Image of Ballafayle (Chambered Cairn) by Kammer

Ballafayle

Chambered Cairn

Taken 24th August 2003: A solitary standing stone, possibly flanking the entrance to the chamber.

Behind the wall is the road, and beyond that the little green plack next to Rullic Ny Quakern.

Image credit: Simon Marshall