"The entrance to Fox Hole Cave is situated at an altitude of 400 m on High Wheeldon Hill in Derbyshire (NGR SK 0997 6618). The cave was discovered and partly explored in 1928 (Jackson & Piggott, 1951), and more extensive investigations were carried out during controlled excavations by the Peakland Archaeological Society between 1961 and 1981 (Bramwell, 1962-1981; Bramwell, 1971). The Peakland Archaeological Society excavations concentrated on archaeological deposits in the floor of the Entrance Chamber, the Main Passage and the First Chamber, where a sequence of deposits up to 2 metres deep was recorded.
Apart from two human jaw fragments found in disturbed surface deposits in the Entrance Chamber, the human remains were confined to Layer C1, a clay deposit that also contained remains of wild and domestic fauna, charcoal, a Group VI polished stone axe, worked animal bone and teeth, and fragments of Peterborough ware pottery in which the fabric was tempered with limestone and chert grits. This layer was sealed by Layer B, described as a cobbled occupation floor containing sherds of Beaker pottery, occasional sherds of Peterborough and Grooved Wear pottery and some bone and flint artefacts of Neolithic and Bronze Age type. Underlying Layer C1 was the lithologically similar Layer C2 which lacked evidence of human occupation, and this was separated by a stalagmite horizon from Layer D, which contained Late Upper Palaeolithic artefacts. Two items of worked antler from Fox Hole Cave have been radiocarbon dated to the Lateglacial (OxA-1493: 11,970 uncal BP, and OxA-1494: 12,000 uncal BP). Small mammal remains were recovered from all archaeological layers in the cave." Prehistoric Society
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"There are very few neolithic monuments known from Leicestershire and until recently there were no known causewayed enclosures. One has now been identified following gradiometer survey by University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS), directed by Adrian Butler; targeting a flint scatter at Husbands Bosworth (SK 635 825) in the south of the county. Situated on a sand and gravel spur overlooking a small valley, the monument consists of a closely-grouped concentric circuit consisting of a double ring of interrupted ditches enclosing an ovoid area covering c. 1.5 ha." Prehistoric Society
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"A small rectangular cropmark site threatened by road construction was excavated in 1992/3 by Leicestershire Archaeological Unit, funded by the Department of Transport through English Heritage. The site comprised a much recut rectangular enclosure mostly devoid of internal features, with to the south and south-east various structures and pit groups. The pottery from the site is almost exclusively Iron Age, and interpretation of a radiocarbon programme has dated the site 450-350 BC.
An unurned cremation burial of a young adult was found in a shallow pit central to a rectangle formed by pits located to the south west of the enclosure. A radiocarbon date of 800-410 cal BC at 95½ confidence was obtained from oak charcoal from the cremation deposit (Camb.Q-3274). The cremation pit which cut earlier features was 0.40m by 0.35m and was up to 0.25m deep. The base of the pit was irregular with a socket on the south-west side, filled with a concentration of calcined bone. " Prehistoric Society
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"In the late summer of 1995 fieldwork carried out as part of the Tyne-Solway Ancient and Historic Landscapes Research Programme led to the discovery of important Mesolithic and Bronze Age sites at approximately 380m AOD (NGR NY 934512) on Birkside Fell, in the North Pennines. Erosion of the thin peaty soils which mantle the fell have exposed an extensive scatter of stone tools and the partially denuded remains of a cairn." The Prehistoric Society
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"A group of eleven or more round barrows of the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age stand close to the present day Butterbump Farm, east of the village of Willoughby. They are situated on a small area of glacial sand and gravel set in the Middle marsh..." "The Butterbump barrows are being levelled by ploughing (although some are now protected under grassland).... Mr Barry Beeby, excavated one of them...He found a cremation burial pit, covered by an arrangement of wooden planks thought to be a bier. A perforated whetstone and bronze dagger with wooden sheath found 2m away were probably contemnporary with the burial. A number of secondary cremation burials belonged to later phases. Radiocarbon dates for the first burial and dagger were 1750BC+/- 180 and for two of the later burials, 1520BC+/-130, and 1520BC+/-80" Lincs History anc Archaeology Vol 17 1982.
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"A possible causewayed enclosure was photographed by Derek Edwards in June 1996 during aerial reconnaissance for the Norfolk Museums Archaeology Service and the RCHME. The site was subsequently recorded during work for the English Heritage National Mapping Programme in September 2001 (Bewley 2001). The enclosure (SMR 36398) is located at TG 07230 41564 within the parish of Salthouse in north-east Norfolk. The monument is approximately circular, with a diameter of 60 metres. The circuit appears to be divided into at least seven separate lengths of ditch, although there is a larger gap to the north where a further two stretches of ditch may be obscured. The enclosure lies at a height of 50 metres OD on a south facing slope. The location overlooks the areas to the East, South and West but is topographically situated slightly downslope from the higher ground to the immediate north." The PreHistoric Society
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This probable henge monument, the first identified in Lincolnshire has been identified by crop marks. In measures approx. 20m in diameter, has two entrances (type II) which are aligned on a north west - south east axis. The outer mound was surrounded with at least 24 pits which were equally placed around its circumference, these probably held posts. The henge is not truely circular and is ovoid with it's longest diameter being in line with the entrance axis.
It has been likened to the Millfield North henge in Northumberland.
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This is a long stone mound some 109m in length. It originally had a facade at its east end and may have had internal burial chambers.
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This Hillfort had multiple lines of defence comprising rock cut ditches and stone faced ranparts. The hillfort overlies a Neolithic enclosure.
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This site has been reconstructed within the Brigantium museum, It comprised of a singe roundhouse and a stone enclosure wall.
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Before the Cairn was built, a stone lined grave box or cist was set into the ground. In this cist a dead child was buried together with a special earthenware pot. A capstone was then laid over the cist to seal it. The cairn was built and a ring of stone "kerb" weas placed around it.
Shortly after, part of the Dour Hill cairn was removed and another child and vessel were placed inside, the cist was sealed and the cairn replaced.
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This is posted as an artificial mound for want of a more appropriate term. The hill - Worm hill is a challenger for the mantle of the hill that was the dwelling spot for the Lampton Worm - see the Penshaw Hill Page. However, it does not have any rings and is therefore less likely to be so.
The hill itself give the appearance of a a natural hill which has had some modification. Local custom has it that this is an ancient site of significance and should be thought of as a potential ancient site.
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Together with Penshaw Hill and Worm Hill in Fatfield these monuments make up a direct east-west alignment which may be of importance.
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The basket earing found here and elswhere (Kirkhaugh) are very similar to those found amonst the finds with the "Amesbury Archer" that have been dated between 2500 and 2100 BC. The location of these rings at Boltby - on the turf line under the rampart would tend to suggest an equaly early date for the constructiuon of this promontory hillfort. making it's construction possibly contemporary with the cursus and henge phases of the Thornborough and wider Swale- Ure complex. It should be noted, however that the date of deposition for these objects may be much later than the date of manufacture.
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"All you can see of this encircling wall is a broad spread of collapsed rubble, but it must have been about two metres high and more than three metres wide when originally build. A second inner wall was built later, perhaps to reinforce the weakest part of the hillfort on its north and east side. Inside are the barely visible remains of 20 circular huts - shallow scoops in the ground between 4 and 8m across." Northumberlans National Park leaflet.
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The hair or ear ring found at Kirhaugh, is almost identical to a pair found at Boltby Scar also. They are thought to have originated in Ireland.
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"Most of the stone circles in the area are small and have no obvious astronomical significance. It is likely that many originally had a burial function. One such is the embanked stone circle on Harkerside Moor" The Yorkshire Dales, Robert White.
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Castle Dykes is a slightly oval henge with the unusual aspect of having an extenal ditch. It is 75m wide and has an external bank that is 9m wide and 1.2m high. The ditch is 9m wide and 1m deep. The only entrance was on the east side side.
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This is a Bronze Age hillfort, excavated in the 1970's by T. G. Manby and the YAS.
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"The summit of the hill, between Bole Hill Lodge and the city boundary, an area estimated at 450m by 150m, is contained within the remains of ramparts and ditches." YAJ 51, 1977.
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